Joe John Rodriguez v. City of Winter Park, 280 F.3d 1341 (11th Cir. 2002). · Go Syfert
Joe John Rodriguez v. City of Winter Park, 280 F.3d 1341 (11th Cir. 2002). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
459 citation events (455 in the last 25 years) across 40 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: MacIntyre v. City of Palm Bay (flmd, 2025-03-06)
Treatment trajectory · 2002 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2002 2014 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) MacIntyre v. City of Palm Bay
M.D. Fla. · 2025 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
what would ordinarily be considered reasonable force does not become excessive force when the force aggravates (however severely) a pre-existing condition the extent of which was unknown to the officer at the time.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Jeffrey Davis v. Bim Lowers
11th Cir. · 2005 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) G.D.M. v. City of Oviedo, Florida
11th Cir. · 2026 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Jorge Sanguinetti v. Collier County, Kevin Rambosk, Adam Dillman, John Scaduto, David Drucks, Michael Puka, and David Crisp, Jr.
M.D. Fla. · 2026 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
painful handcuffing, 26 without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Jalen Bass v. Roland Jones, Jr. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
11th Cir. · 2025 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
easonable force does not become excessive force when the force aggravates (however se- verely) a pre-existing condition the extent of which was unknown to the officer at the time.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Jeremy Jones v. David Ceinski, Jr. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
11th Cir. · 2025 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not use hindsight to judge the acts of po- lice officers; we look at what they knew (or reasonably should have known) at the time of the act.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) BRISTOL v. BUTTS COUNTY GA
M.D. Ga. · 2024 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Armijo v. Adams County
D. Colo. · 2023 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
what would ordinarily be considered reasonable force does not become excessive force when the force aggravates (however severely) a pre-existing condition the extent of which was unknown to the officer at the time.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) David Sosa v. Martin County, Florida
11th Cir. · 2023 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
trials of guilt or innocence can- not be undertaken by police officers on the side of the road in the middle of the night before an officer can effect a lawful arrest pur- suant to a valid warrant.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Trellus Richmond v. Mario J. Badia
11th Cir. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Willis v. City of Bakersfield (2×) also: Cited "see"
E.D. Cal. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
mistaken estimate of no more than five inches does not equal a constitutional 21 violation.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Leach v. Sarasota County (4×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
M.D. Fla. · 2022 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
e recognize that the typical arrest involves some force and injury.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Oniasse v. Hernandez
M.D. Fla. · 2018 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Mark J. Landon v. City of North Port
11th Cir. · 2018 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
what would ordinarily be considered reasonable force does not become excessive force when the force aggravates (however severely) a pre-existing condition the extent of which was unknown to the officer at the time.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) E.W. v. Rosemary Dolgos
4th Cir. · 2018 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Tamara Brand v. Kevin Casal
11th Cir. · 2017 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not use hindsight to judge the acts of police officers; we look at what they knew ... at the time of the act.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Vance R. Johnson v. Sheriff R.L. Butch Conway
11th Cir. · 2017 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Paul Stephens v. Nick Degiovanni, individually
11th Cir. · 2017 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Abigail Marbut v. Matthew Phillips (3×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2026 · confidence medium
See Brown, 608 F.3d at 735 ; Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Rebecca Joyce Harrell v. Sheriff Andy Batten, Bacon County, Georgia, et al. (4×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
S.D. Ga. · 2026 · confidence medium
In sum, the Deputies handcuffed Plaintiff behind her back before transporting her in a patrol car, which is a “relatively common and ordinarily accepted non-excessive way to detain an arrestee.” Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) D.L., a minor, by and through his next-of-friends, S.L. and R.L. v. Hernando County Sheriff’s Office, a public entity, DEPUTY PAUL SMITH, School Resource Officer, in his individual capacity, and Hernando County School Board, a public entity
M.D. Fla. · 2025 · confidence medium
“Painful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.” Rodriguez v. Farrell, 280 F.3d 1341, 1351 (11th Cir. 2002); Sebastian v. Ortiz, 918 F.3d 1301, 1312 (11th Cir. 2019) (“[O]nly the most exceptional circumstances will permit an excessive force claim on the basis of handcuffing alone.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gencoglanoglu v. Badolati (2×)
S.D. Fla. · 2025 · confidence medium
Conversely, in Rodriguez, the Eleventh Circuit found no excessive force where an officer “grabbed plaintiff’s arm, twisted it around plaintiff’s back, jerking it up high to the shoulder and then handcuffed plaintiff as plaintiff fell to his knees screaming that [the officer] was hurting him.” 280 F.3d at 1351.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Tasis v. Marceno (4×) also: Cited "see"
M.D. Fla. · 2025 · confidence medium
And while those authorities recognize that preexisting conditions can alter the analysis, they also emphasize that “force does not become excessive force when the force aggravates (however severely) a pre-existing condition the extent of which was unknown to the officer at the time.” Id. at 1353; see also Davis v. Williams, 451 F.3d 759 , 767–68 (11th Cir. 2006) (distinguishing Rodriguez because the defendant knew about the plaintiff’s bad shoulder and intentionally focused on it to inflict further pain).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bass v. Jones
N.D. Ga. · 2025 · confidence medium
It follows that he 12 has necessarily failed to establish the violation of clearly established law, too: “[I]f a defendant has not violated the law at all, he certainly has not violated clearly established law.” , 280 F.3d at 1345 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
examined Cited as authority (rule) King v. Miami-Dade County (5×) also: Cited "see"
S.D. Fla. · 2024 · confidence medium
The reasonableness of Pinero’s mistake is determined in light of “the totality of the circumstances surrounding the arrest[.]” Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1347 (alteration added; citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Neira v. Gualtieri (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
M.D. Fla. · 2023 · confidence medium
See Doc. 13 ¶ 24; Rodriguez v. Farrell, 280 F.3d at 1351-53. excessive force against a suspect who is under control, not resisting, and obeying commands.” Patel v. City of Madison, Ala., 959 F.3d 1330, 1339 (11th Cir. 2020), quoting Stephens, 852 F.3d at 1328 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vigil v. Dahlquist (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
N.D. Ga. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Eleventh Circuit has made clear that “[p]ainful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.” Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351; Nolin, 207 F.3d at 1256 (noting that the “minor nature” of the plaintiff’s injury “reflect[ed] that minimal force was used”) (quoting Gold v. City of Miami, 121 F.3d 1442 , 1446–47 (11th Cir. 1997)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Vaughn v. Perea (3×)
E.D. Va. · 2022 · confidence medium
For example, in Rodriguez v. Farrell, 280 F.3d 1341 (11th Cir. 2002), the Eleventh Circuit found that a police officer did not violate a plaintiff's Fourth Amendment right to be free from the use of excessive force when the officer allegedly “grabbed plaintiff's arm, twisted it around plaintiff's back, jerking it up high to the shoulder and then handcuffed plaintiff as plaintiff fell to his knees screaming that [the police officer] was hurting him.” Id. at 1351.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Suttles v. Butler
N.D. Ga. · 2021 · confidence medium
The officer in Rodriguez “grabbed [the] plaintiff’s arm, twisted it around [the] plaintiff’s back, jerk[ed] it up high to the shoulder and then handcuffed [the] plaintiff as [the] plaintiff fell to his knees screaming.” Id. at 1351.
examined Cited as authority (rule) David Sosa v. Martin County, Florida (16×) also: Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
11th Cir. · 2021 · confidence medium
Id. at 1345-46.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Brandon Lee Williams v. The City of Montgomery (3×)
11th Cir. · 2020 · confidence medium
Id. at 1344.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Jones v. United States Of America (3×)
S.D. Fla. · 2020 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Croom v. Balkwill, 645 F.3d 1240, 1244-45, 1252-53 (11th Cir. 2011) (per curiam) (affirming summary judgment for officers and finding no excessive force where an officer pushed a 63-year-old retired woman with arthritis “to the ground from her squatting position and [held] her there with a foot (or knee) in the back for up to ten minutes”); Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351 (reversing denial of qualified immunity and ruling there was no excessive force where officer “grabbed plaintiff's arm, twisted it around plaintiffs back, jerk[ed] it up high to the shoulder and then handcuffed p…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Scott v. Mandeville City
E.D. La. · 2020 · confidence medium
You’re under arrest right now, okay? 21 Rodriguez v. Farrell, 280 F.3d 1341 , 1351 (11th Cir. 2002). 22 Id. at 1351. 23 Id. 24 Id. at 1352–53. 25 Id.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Schoonover v. Clay County Sheriff's Department
S.D.W. Va · 2020 · confidence medium
Id. at 1352-53.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Williams v. Shirah (3×)
M.D. Ala. · 2019 · confidence medium
Id. at 1343.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Lori Ann Huebner v. Ric Bradshaw (3×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2019 · confidence medium
But cf. , Stephens , 852 F.3d at 1327 (noting that plaintiff's injuries were "documented by treating physicians"); Rodriguez , 280 F.3d at 1351 (noting testimony of "[p]laintiff's orthopedic surgeon").
cited Cited as authority (rule) William Windham v. Harris County, Texas
5th Cir. · 2017 · confidence medium
Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1353. 19 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) James Steven Scott v. Kyle Palmer
11th Cir. · 2017 · confidence medium
Palmer cites Rodriguez v. Farrell, 280 F.3d 1341 (11th Cir. 2002), for the proposition that “[pjainful handcuffing,, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal,” id. at 1351, but this case involved more than handcuffing.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mario Garcia v. County of Riverside
9th Cir. · 2016 · confidence medium
Id. at 1343.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Shuford v. Conway
unknown court · 2016 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351 (holding that where officer applied the “pain compliance handcuffing technique,” “[p]ainful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.”).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mario Garcia v. County of Riverside
9th Cir. · 2016 · confidence medium
Id. at 1343.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Shuford v. Conway
unknown court · 2015 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351 (holding that where officer applied the “pain compliance handcuffing technique,” “[p]ainful handcuffing, without more, is not excessive force in cases where the resulting injuries are minimal.”). .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Marcus Blazek v. Juan Santiago (2×)
8th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
A reasonable officer reading the annals of the federal courts in 2009 would know that the technique like that applied here—where an officer “grabbed plaintiff’s arm, twisted it around plaintiff’s back, jerking it up high to the shoulder”—was “a relatively common and ordinarily accepted non-excessive way to detain an arrestee.” Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Lucius Wordley v. Officer Pablo San Miguel
11th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Speight v. Griggs
N.D. Ga. · 2013 · confidence medium
“Indeed, the typical arrest involves some force and injury, and the use of force is an expected, necessary part of a law enforcement officer[’]s task of subduing and securing individuals suspected of committing crimes.” Lee, 284 F.3d at 1198 (citations and quotations omitted); Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1351; see also Nolin v. Isbell, 207 F.3d 1253, 1257-58 (11th Cir.2000). [I]n order to balance the necessity of using some force attendant to an arrest against the arrestee’s constitutional rights, a court must evaluate a number of factors, “including the severity of the crime at issue, wh…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Jonathan B. Collins v. George Ensley (7×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
Id. at 1343-45.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Michael L. Ainsworth v. Kenny Norris (4×)
11th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
Id. at 1346-51 (concluding that, under the totality of the circumstances, an officer who mistakenly arrests a person who has the same name, sex, age, and race and a similar Social Security number, address, and place of birth as the subject of a warrant is entitled to qualified immunity in that situation because the mistake was reasonable).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lewis v. Blue
M.D. Ala. · 2011 · confidence medium
First, as to the Plaintiffs back and neck, “[w]hat would ordinarily be considered reasonable force does not become excessive force when the force aggravates (however severely) a pre-existing condition the extent of which was unknown to the officer at the time.” Rodriguez, 280 F.3d at 1353.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Scott R. Rushing v. Estate of Ernest R. Mincey (3×)
11th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
In Rodriguez v. Farrell, 280 F.3d 1341 (11th Cir. 2002), Joe Rodriguez, the plaintiff, alleged that officers violated his constitutional rights by arresting him pursuant to a warrant for the actual perpetrator who also used the name “Joe Rodriguez.” Id. at 1343.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Croom v. Balkwill (3×)
M.D. Fla. · 2009 · confidence medium
Id. at 1351.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Joe John Rodriguez
v.
City of Winter Park
00-13147.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Jan 30, 2002.
280 F.3d 1341
[PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
______________________________ JUNE 17, 2002
THOMAS K. KAHN
No. 00-13147 CLERK
_____________________________

D. C. Docket No. 98-00997 CV-ORL-19A

JOE JOHN RODRIGUEZ,

Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus

WAYNE W. FARRELL,
LOIS SZCZEPANSKI,

Defendants-Appellants.

_____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
______________________
(June 17, 2002)

PETITION FOR REHEARING AND
SUGGESTION OF REHEARING EN BANC

Before EDMONDSON, Chief Judge, RONEY, Circuit Judge, and JORDAN*, District Judge. ________________ *Honorable Adalberto J. Jordan, U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of Florida, sitting by designation.

EDMONDSON, Chief Judge:

On interlocutory appeal from the district court’s denial of qualified immunity to two police officers at the summary judgment stage, we reversed. Plaintiff, Joe John Rodriguez, has since filed a petition for rehearing and a suggestion for rehearing en banc. Although these filings do not cause us to change our conclusion, they do point to two portions of the record that deserve comment.

On the question of unreasonable seizure, Rodriguez points us to our discussion of his “brief detention” at the end of footnote 15 of our original opinion. He stresses that his transportation to the jail from which he was released (and his transportation back from that jail after he was released) took several -- roughly 18 total -- hours. The evidence shows that, shortly after his arrest at around one o’clock in the morning, Sgt. Farrell took Plaintiff to the local police station. Plaintiff stayed at the station for roughly two hours before he was transported by other officers, via one county jail were he stayed for some hours, to the jail of the county from which the outstanding warrant came. This final jail was “hours” away from the places of confinement to which Plaintiff was initially taken. After his release, Plaintiff was transported from the final jail and, at his request, was dropped off near his home between 7:00 and 8:00 pm that same day. No delay for delay’s sake has been alleged or is supported by the evidence.

[*1342]

Assuming that the entire time of confinement was caused by Sgt. Farrell and Officer Szczepanski,1 Plaintiff’s journey to the jail in the county that issued the arrest warrant (even including his return from that jail), despite its extended nature, was still a “brief detention:” a reasonable detention incident to Plaintiff’s lawful arrest. See generally County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 111 S. Ct. 1661, 1670 (1991) (stating that delays of less than 48 hours for judicial determinations of probable cause are presumptively reasonable, unless detainee can prove that determination was delayed unreasonably, and noting that “[c]ourts cannot ignore the often unavoidable delays in transporting arrested persons from one facility to another” when determining reasonableness).

On the issue of excessive force, Rodriguez has highlighted evidence tending to show that after Sgt. Farrell grabbed Plaintiff’s arm and commenced the handcuffing, Plaintiff told Sgt. Farrell, during the handcuffing, to be careful because Plaintiff’s arm was injured.[2] And, Rodriguez stresses that, even if the initial handcuffing was not excessive, his continued handcuffing was excessive.

[*1343]

As we noted in our original opinion, a police officer need not credit everything a suspect tells him. See Marx v. Gumbinner, 905 F.2d 1503, 1507 n.6 (11th Cir. 1990). This idea is especially true when the officer is in the process of handcuffing a suspect. As another federal court recently noted, statements by suspects claiming (at the time of their arrest) to have pre-existing injuries are, “no doubt, uttered by many suspects who, if given the choice, would prefer not to be handcuffed at all and, if they must be restrained in that manner, would prefer that the handcuffs be in front.” Caron v. Hester, No. CIV. 00-394-M, 2001 WL 1568761, at *8 (D.N.H. Nov. 13, 2001) (granting officer, who handcuffed suspect behind suspect’s back, qualified immunity on excessive force claim despite officer’s alleged knowledge -- based upon suspect’s testimony that he told the officer -- of suspect’s pre-existing injury when “[the officer] was not confronted with any objective manifestation of [the suspect’s] claimed shoulder problem”). In the context of this case -- a case in which Sgt. Farrell, after midnight on the side of the road, reasonably believed that Plaintiff (who, as we discussed in our original opinion, had no obvious signs of injury specifically to his arm) was a fugitive who had evaded capture, Sgt. Farrell’s alleged discounting of Plaintiff’s arm-injury claim (a claim not made until after Sgt. Farrell began to arrest Plaintiff despite the fact that he had been in Sgt. Farrell’s company for roughly 30 minutes when the handcuffing began) was reasonable.[3] Cf. Jackson v. City of Bremerton, 268 F.3d 646, 652 (9th Cir. 2001) (in arrest for failing to disperse, pushing suspect to the ground and kneeling on her back not excessive force despite fact that suspect informed officer of her pre-existing back and shoulder injuries); Morreale v. City of Cripple Creek, No. 96-1220, 1997 WL 290976, at *1, 5-6 (10th Cir. May 27, 1997) (in arrest for driving with a suspended license, milder handcuffing of suspect behind her back not excessive force despite suspect's request that she be handcuffed in front to avoid aggravating pre-existing shoulder injury).

[*1344][*1345]

That Plaintiff’s handcuffs were not removed until about fifteen minutes after his initial handcuffing does not transform what is otherwise a meritless handcuffing-based excessive-force claim into a valid continued handcuffing-based excessive-force claim. See Morreale, 1997 WL 290976, at *1 (plaintiff was handcuffed for twenty minutes while transported to station, during which time plaintiff complained of wrist pain from handcuffing: not excessive force). Plaintiff admits that he -- even after the handcuffing -- never asked Sgt. Farrell to handcuff him in front of his body, instead of behind his back. Nor did Plaintiff ask Sgt. Farrell to remove the handcuffs altogether. And, Plaintiff admits that he never asked Sgt. Farrell for medical assistance.[4] Furthermore, there is no evidence of delay for delay’s sake during the time Plaintiff was kept handcuffed.

Plaintiff’s petition for rehearing is DENIED. And, no judge of the Court having requested a poll, Plaintiff’s suggestion for rehearing en banc is DENIED.

[*1346]

1 This assumption is likely wrong. For background, see Lindsey v. Storey, 936 F.2d 554, 563 (11th Cir. 1991) (affirming grant of summary judgment to defendant officer on plaintiff’s wrongful continued detention claim where officer had arguable probable cause to arrest plaintiff and plaintiff had presented no evidence that defendant officer was responsible for inmates being promptly arraigned).
2 In his deposition, Plaintiff testified that he screamed in pain and screamed that his arm was hurting when Sgt. Farrell applied the pain compliance handcuffing technique described in our original opinion. Also in that deposition, Plaintiff unequivocally states that, even after the handcuffing began: “I didn’t even tell him then [that my arm was specifically injured], I was just telling him that he was hurting my arm.” In contrast, Sgt. Farrell testified in his deposition that he simply handcuffed Plaintiff behind his back: he denies applying any pain compliance handcuffing technique when arresting Plaintiff or that Plaintiff screamed, in pain or otherwise. But, Sgt. Farrell does note that Plaintiff did ask him to be careful after Farrell started the handcuffing because his (Plaintiff’s) arm was injured. We take the best set of facts for Plaintiff.
3 Sgt. Farrell did see that Plaintiff had medical records and prescription drugs with him. And, before the arrest began, Plaintiff claims that he told Sgt. Farrell that Plaintiff had recently been released from a hospital after a motorcycle accident. Perhaps, if Plaintiff, before the physical part of the arrest began, had also told Sgt. Farrell that Plaintiff’s arm was injured, we would be more inclined to conclude that the Constitution required Sgt. Farrell to credit that statement. But, that is not what occurred here.
4 Plaintiff did testify that he moaned or grunted in pain while in transport to the police station and that, once at the station, told Sgt. Farrell that he was in pain. And, evidence tends to show that Plaintiff asked that his medications be brought with him from the scene of the arrest.