Nat'l Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Marin Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Soc'y, Inc. California Waterfowl Ass'n, Inc., & Nat'l Trappers Ass'n, Inc. California Trappers Ass'n, Inc. Tim Wion Christopher S. Brennan Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Douglas Wheeler, Resources Sec'y, State of California Jacqueline E. Schafer, Dir., Cdfg California Dep't of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Comm'n, & Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gary Simmons, California State Dir., Wildlife Servs., U.S. Dep't of Agric. Jamie Clark Rappaport, Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Anne Badgley, Reg'l Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv., Am Soc Prev Cruelty Protect Pets & Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 Animal Prot. Inst. the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals the Humane Soc'y of the United States Int'l Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants. Nat'l Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Marin Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Soc'y, Inc. California Waterfowl Ass'n, Inc., & Nat'l Trappers Ass'n, Inc. California Trappers Ass'n, Inc. Tim Wion Christopher S. Brennan Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors-Appellants v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Douglas Wheeler, Resources Sec'y, State of California Jacqueline E. Schafer, Dir., Cdfg California Dep't of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Comm'n, & Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gary Simmons, California State Dir., Wildlife Servs., U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gale A. Norton, Sec'y, U.S. Dep't of the Interior Jamie Clark Rappaport, Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Anne Badgley, Reg'l Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Robert Stanton, Dir., Nat'l Park Serv., Am Soc Prev Cruelty Protect Pets & Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 Animal Prot. Inst. the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals the Humane Soc'y of the United States Int'l Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees. Nat'l Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Marin Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Soc'y, Inc. California Waterfowl Ass'n, Inc. v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Mary D. Nichols, Resources Sec'y, State of California Robert C. Hight, Dir. of the California Dep't of Fish & Game California Dep't of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Comm'n, Ann M. Veneman, Sec'y, U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gary Simmons, California State Dir., Wildlife Servs., U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gale A. Norton, Sec'y, U.S. Dep't of the Interior Jamie Clark Rappaport, Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Robert Stanton, Dir., Nat'l Park Serv., Am. Soc'y for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Prot. Inst. the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals Humane Soc'y of the United States Protect Pets & Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 the Int'l Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002). · Go Syfert
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Nat'l Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Marin Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Soc'y, Inc. California Waterfowl Ass'n, Inc., & Nat'l Trappers Ass'n, Inc. California Trappers Ass'n, Inc. Tim Wion Christopher S. Brennan Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Douglas Wheeler, Resources Sec'y, State of California Jacqueline E. Schafer, Dir., Cdfg California Dep't of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Comm'n, & Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gary Simmons, California State Dir., Wildlife Servs., U.S. Dep't of Agric. Jamie Clark Rappaport, Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Anne Badgley, Reg'l Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv., Am Soc Prev Cruelty Protect Pets & Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 Animal Prot. Inst. the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals the Humane Soc'y of the United States Int'l Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants. Nat'l Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Marin Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Soc'y, Inc. California Waterfowl Ass'n, Inc., & Nat'l Trappers Ass'n, Inc. California Trappers Ass'n, Inc. Tim Wion Christopher S. Brennan Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors-Appellants v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Douglas Wheeler, Resources Sec'y, State of California Jacqueline E. Schafer, Dir., Cdfg California Dep't of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Comm'n, & Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gary Simmons, California State Dir., Wildlife Servs., U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gale A. Norton, Sec'y, U.S. Dep't of the Interior Jamie Clark Rappaport, Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Anne Badgley, Reg'l Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Robert Stanton, Dir., Nat'l Park Serv., Am Soc Prev Cruelty Protect Pets & Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 Animal Prot. Inst. the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals the Humane Soc'y of the United States Int'l Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees. Nat'l Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Marin Audubon Soc'y, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Soc'y, Inc. California Waterfowl Ass'n, Inc. v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Mary D. Nichols, Resources Sec'y, State of California Robert C. Hight, Dir. of the California Dep't of Fish & Game California Dep't of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Comm'n, Ann M. Veneman, Sec'y, U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gary Simmons, California State Dir., Wildlife Servs., U.S. Dep't of Agric. Gale A. Norton, Sec'y, U.S. Dep't of the Interior Jamie Clark Rappaport, Dir., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Robert Stanton, Dir., Nat'l Park Serv., Am. Soc'y for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Prot. Inst. the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals Humane Soc'y of the United States Protect Pets & Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 the Int'l Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
43 citation events (43 in the last 25 years) across 9 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Murphy v. Raimondo (wawd, 2023-01-03)
Treatment trajectory · 2002 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2002 2014 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 15 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited "see" Murphy v. Raimondo
W.D. Wash. · 2023 · signal: see · confidence high
See Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 855 (9th Cir.), 24 1 opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002).
discussed Cited "see" Cascadia Wildlands v. Williams
D. Or. · 2017 · signal: see · confidence high
See Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 849 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002) (A chain of- causation may have more than one link and still retain plausibility); see also, WildEarth Guardians, supra, 795 F.3d at 1157 -(“So long as a defendant is at least partially causing the alleged injury, a plaintiff may sue that defendant, even if the defendant is just one of multiple causes of the plaintiffs injury,”).
discussed Cited "see" Mendia v. Garcia
N.D. Cal. · 2016 · signal: see · confidence high
When a plaintiff seeks retrospective declaratory relief, courts have declined to award such relief where “the issuance of a declaratory judgment ... would have much the same effect as a full-fledged award of damages or restitution by the federal court[.]” Green v. Mansour, 474 U.S. 64, 73 , 106 S.Ct. 423 , 88 L.Ed.2d 371 (1985); see Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835 , 848 n. 5 (9th Cir.2002), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir.2002) (“[W]e consider declaratory relief retrospective to the extent that it is intertwined with a claim for monetary d…
discussed Cited "see" Montana Shooting Sports Associ v. Eric Holder, Jr. (2×)
9th Cir. · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835 , 855–56, opinion amended in other respects on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002).
discussed Cited "see" Aroostook Band of Micmacs v. Ryan
1st Cir. · 2005 · signal: accord · confidence high
Hemp Council, Inc. v. Marshall, 203 F.3d 1, 4-5 (1st Cir.2000) (in an action to enjoin criminal prosecution, describing the imminence requirement as “often referred to as a standing requirement” but “probably more complex in character, involving as well concerns about ripeness and the exercise of equitable discretion”); accord Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 847 (9th Cir.2002) (“We decline to read additional ‘ripeness’ or ‘imminence’ requirements into the Ex Parte Young exception ... beyond those already imposed by a general Article III and prudential ri…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Sam Monet v. State of Hawaii; Governor Josh Green, in his official and individual capacity; Dawn Chang, in her official capacity as Director of the Department of Land and Natural Resources
D. Haw. · 2026 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 847 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding “two state agencies [were] immune from suit because they are state entities, not individual state officers.”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Johnny Alba v. Halawa Correctional Facility
D. Haw. · 2025 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 847 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding “two state agencies [were] immune from suit because they are state entities, not individual state officers.”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Nice v. Lopez
D. Haw. · 2025 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 847 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding “two state agencies [were] immune from suit because they are state entities, not individual state officers”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Johnson v. Hawaii Financial & Food Stamps Office
D. Haw. · 2024 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 847 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding “two state agencies [were] immune from suit because they are state entities, not individual state officers.”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Thunderfoot v. United States
D. Haw. · 2023 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 847 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding “two state agencies [were] immune from suit because they are state entities, not individual state officers.”).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Association Des Eleveurs De Canards Et D'Oies Du Quebec v. Harris
9th Cir. · 2013 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 846-47 , opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir.2002).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Educational Credit Management Corp. v. Coleman (In Re Coleman)
9th Cir. · 2009 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835 , 850 (9th Cir.), amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir.2002); Knight v. Kenai Penninsula Borough Sch.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Educational Credit Management Corp. v. Coleman
9th Cir. · 2009 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 850 (9th Cir.), amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir.2002); Knight v. Kenai Penninsula Borough Sch.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Educational Credit v. Coleman
9th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Nat’l Audubon Soc’y, Inc. v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 850 (9th Cir.) (amended on denial of reh’g, 312 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 2002)); Knight v. Kenai Penninsula Borough Sch.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." National Wildlife Federation & Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility v. Federal Emergency Management Agency
W.D. Wash. · 2004 · signal: see also · confidence low
“The causal connection put forward for standing purposes cannot be too speculative; 'or rely on conjecture about the behavior of other parties, but need not be so airtight at [the summary judgment] stage of litigation.” Ocean Advocates, 361 F.3d at 1120; see also Nat'l Audubon Soc’y v. Davis, 307 F.3d 835, 849 (9th Cir.2002), amended, 312 F.3d 416 (2002) (holding that length of chain of causation is not the issue, but rather the plausibility of the links that comprise the chain). 8 The injury must be *1163 “fairly traceable to the challenged action of the defendant.” Laidlaw, 528 U.S…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
National Audubon Society, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc. Marin Audubon Society, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Society, Inc. California Waterfowl Association, Inc., and National Trappers Association, Inc. California Trappers Association, Inc. Tim Wion Christopher S. Brennan Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors
v.
Gray Davis, Governor of California Douglas Wheeler, Resources Secretary, State of California Jacqueline E. Schafer, Director, Cdfg California Department of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Commission, and Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Department of Agriculture Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Anne Badgley, Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Am Soc Prev Cruelty Protect Pets and Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 Animal Protection Institute the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals the Humane Society of the United States International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants. National Audubon Society, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc. Marin Audubon Society, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Society, Inc. California Waterfowl Association, Inc., and National Trappers Association, Inc. California Trappers Association, Inc. Tim Wion Christopher S. Brennan Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors-Appellants v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Douglas Wheeler, Resources Secretary, State of California Jacqueline E. Schafer, Director, Cdfg California Department of Fish & Game California Fish & Game Commission, and Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Department of Agriculture Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture Gale A. Norton, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Anne Badgley, Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Robert Stanton, Director, National Park Service, Am Soc Prev Cruelty Protect Pets and Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 Animal Protection Institute the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals the Humane Society of the United States International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees. National Audubon Society, Inc. Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc. Marin Audubon Society, Inc. Muir Beach Audubon Society, Inc. California Waterfowl Association, Inc. v. Gray Davis, Governor of California Mary D. Nichols, Resources Secretary, State of California Robert C. Hight, Director of the California Department of Fish and Game California Department of Fish and Game California Fish & Game Commission, Ann M. Veneman, Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture Gale A. Norton, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Robert Stanton, Director, National Park Service, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Protection Institute the Ark Trust, Inc. Doris Day Animal League the Fund for Animals Humane Society of the United States Protect Pets and Wildlife/vote Yes on Proposition 4 the International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees
01-15159.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Dec 9, 2002.
312 F.3d 416
Cited by 12 opinions  |  Published

312 F.3d 416

NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY, INC.; Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc.; Marin Audubon Society, Inc.; Muir Beach Audubon Society, Inc.; California Waterfowl Association, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellees, and
National Trappers Association, Inc.; California Trappers Association, Inc.; Tim Wion; Christopher S. Brennan; Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors,
v.
Gray DAVIS, Governor of California; Douglas Wheeler, Resources Secretary, State of California; Jacqueline E. Schafer, Director, CDFG; California Department of Fish & Game; California Fish & Game Commission, Defendants, and
Ann M. Veneman,[*] U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Jamie
Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Anne Badgley, Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Appellees,
Am Soc Prev Cruelty; Protect Pets and Wildlife/Vote Yes on Proposition 4; Animal Protection Institute; The Ark Trust, Inc.; Doris Day Animal League; The Fund for Animals; The Humane Society of the United States; International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants.
National Audubon Society, Inc.; Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc.; Marin Audubon Society, Inc.; Muir Beach Audubon Society, Inc.; California Waterfowl Association, Inc., Plaintiffs, and
National Trappers Association, Inc.; California Trappers Association, Inc.; Tim Wion; Christopher S. Brennan; Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors-Appellants,
v.
Gray Davis, Governor of California; Douglas Wheeler, Resources Secretary, State of California; Jacqueline E. Schafer, Director, CDFG; California Department of Fish & Game; California Fish & Game Commission, Defendants-Appellees, and
Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gale A. Norton, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior; Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Anne Badgley, Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Robert Stanton, Director, National Park Service, Appellees,
Am Soc Prev Cruelty; Protect Pets and Wildlife/Vote Yes on Proposition 4; Animal Protection Institute; The Ark Trust, Inc.; Doris Day Animal League; The Fund for Animals; The Humane Society of the United States; International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees.
National Audubon Society, Inc.; Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc.; Marin Audubon Society, Inc.; Muir Beach Audubon Society, Inc.; California Waterfowl Association, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
Gray Davis, Governor of California; Mary D. Nichols, Resources Secretary, State of California; Robert C. Hight, Director of the California Department of Fish and Game; California Department of Fish and Game; California Fish & Game Commission, Defendants-Appellants,
Ann M. Veneman, Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gale A. Norton,[**] Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior; Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Robert Stanton, Director, National Park Service, Appellees,
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; Animal Protection Institute; The Ark Trust, Inc.; Doris Day Animal League; The Fund for Animals; Humane Society of the United States; Protect Pets and Wildlife/Vote Yes on Proposition 4; The International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees.

No. 01-15159.

No. 01-15216.

No. 01-15321.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Argued and Submitted April 9, 2002.

Filed September 24, 2002.

Amended December 9, 2002.

Laurens H. Silver, California Environmental Law Project, Mill Valley, CA; John McCaull, National Audubon Society, Sacramento, CA, for the plaintiffs-appellees National Audubon Society, et al.

Katherine Barton, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for appellee United States Department of Agriculture.

Clifford T. Lee, California Attorney General, San Francisco, CA, for defendants-appellees-appellants Gray Davis, et al.

Richard D. Gann & George Hunlock, Marvin Morrow & Hunlock, San Diego, CA; John L. Staley, Poway, CA, for intervenors-appellants National Trappers Association, et al.

Eric R. Glitzenstein & Jonathan R. Lovvorn, Meyer & Glitzenstein, Washington, DC; Francis M. Goldsberry II, Goldsberry, Freeman & Swanson, Sacramento, CA, for defendants-intervenors-appellants-appellees American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, et al.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California; Charles A. Legge, District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. CV-98-04610-CAL.

Before GOODWIN, THOMAS and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges.

ORDER

[*~416]1

This court's opinion, filed September 24, 2002 [307 F.3d 835], is hereby amended as follows:

1. Slip Op., page 14932: Delete Footnote 7

2

2. Slip Op., page 14930: Replace the first two sentences of the second full paragraph with:

3

"The sponsors argue against preemption on an additional ground. They argue that, even if Proposition 4 does not contain an exception for the protection of endangered species, it is not preempted by the ESA."

[*~417]4

With the opinion as amended, the panel has voted unanimously to deny the petition for rehearing. Judges Thomas and W. Fletcher have voted to deny the petition for rehearing en banc, and Judge Goodwin so recommends.

5

The full court has been advised of the petition for rehearing en banc and no judge of the court has requested a vote on whether to rehear the matter en banc. Fed. R.App. P. 35.

[*~418]6

The petition for rehearing and the petition for rehearing en banc, filed November 8, 2002, are DENIED.

Notes:

*

ANN M. VENEMAN is substituted for her predecessor DAN GLICKMAN. Fed. R.App. P. 43(c)(2)

**

GALE A. NORTON is substituted for her predecessor BRUCE BABBITT. Fed. R.App. P. 43(c)(2)