green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
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Treatment trajectory · 1988 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1988
2007
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 30 distinct citers.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Abdi A. Sheik-Abdi v. Martin E. McClellan
e hesitate to conclude that 195 years after the fourth amendment was added to the constitution there must be a jury trial every time the police arrest a person accused by a store guard who says he saw the person shoplifting.
discussed
Cited "see"
Green v. Nocciero
“Arguable probable cause in a trespassing case may be based at least in part on explanations given by internal security officers, such as the security supervisor.... ” Borgman v. Kedley, 646 F.3d 518, 523 (8th Cir.2011); see Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 439 (7th Cir.1986) (“a guard is not just any eyewitness”), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
In Re Grand Jury Subpoenas Dated February 28, 2002 March 26, 2003 & October 4, 2004
Fed.R.Crim.P. 6(e)(2)-(3)(A); (e)(3)(E); see United States v. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., 785 F.2d 206, 212 (8th Cir.1986) (defining disclosure under Rule 6(e) as requiring that information be shared with another), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); United States v. John Doe, Inc. I, 481 U.S. 102, 108-09 , 107 S.Ct. 1656 , 95 L.Ed.2d 94 (1987) (same).
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Cited "see"
No. 05-3886
Fed.R.Crim.P. 6(e)(2)-(3)(A); (e)(3)(E); see United States v. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., 785 F.2d 206, 212 (8th Cir.1986) (defining disclosure under Rule 6(e) as requiring that information be shared with another), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); United States v. John Doe, Inc. I, 481 U.S. 102, 108-09 , 107 S.Ct. 1656 , 95 L.Ed.2d 94 (1987) (same).
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Cited "see"
Lou Ann Merkle v. Upper Dublin School District Upper Dublin Township Police Department Margaret Thomas Clair Brown, Jr., Dr. Jack Hahn, Detective
(2×)
See Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 439 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); Morrison v. United States, 491 F.2d 344, 346 (8th Cir.1974). .
cited
Cited "see"
Merkle v. Upper Dublin Schl. Dist.
See Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 439 (7th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 (1987); Morrison v. United States, 491 F.2d 344, 346 (8th Cir. 1974). 11 2.
cited
Cited "see"
DiNicola v. DiPaolo
See Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 437-42 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
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Cited "see"
Willie B. Hadley, Jr. v. Howard A. Peters, III
See Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 436 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 (1987) ("A party may not cry 'conspiracy' and throw himself on the jury's mercy." There must be facts from which a jury could conclude that there was a conspiracy.). 68 The court recognizes that retaliation for the exercise of a constitutionally protected right is actionable under 42 U.S.C.
cited
Cited "see"
Booker v. Ward
Accord Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., 797 F.2d 432, 439 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
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Cited "see"
Jerald Davis v. Union National Bank and William Owens, Individually
See Gramenos v. Jewel Co., Inc., 797 F.2d 432 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); Moore v. Marketplace Restaurant, Inc., 754 F.2d 1336 (7th Cir.1985); Butler v. Goldblatt Bros., Inc., 589 F.2d 323, 326-27 (7th Cir.1978), ce rt. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 53 (1979); see also Arnold v. International Business Machines, 637 F.2d 1350 (9th Cir.1981).
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Cited "see"
Rafael Garcia v. City of Chicago, Illinois, Anna Gall, County of Cook
(2×)
See Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., 797 F.2d 432, 442 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
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Cited "see"
Jones v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
See Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., 797 F.2d 432, 435-36 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 (1987); Cruz v. Donnelly, 727 F.2d 79, 81 (3d Cir.1984); White v. Scrivner Corp., 594 F.2d 140, 142-43 (5th Cir.1979); Hurt v. G.C.
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Cited "see"
Hadley v. Peters
See Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 436 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987) (“A party may not cry ‘conspiracy’ and throw himself on the jury’s mercy.” There must be facts from which a jury could conclude that there was a conspiracy.).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Michael B. Watts
See Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 439-40 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 (1977).
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Cited "see"
Mustfov v. Superintendent of Chicago Police Department
See Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 437 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); Moore v. Marketplace Restaurant, Inc., 754 F.2d 1336 (7th Cir.1985).
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Cited "see"
Wolf v. Napier
See Holdeman v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 649 F.Supp. 1188 (N.D.Ind.1986), aff'd 840 F.2d 20 (7th Cir.1988). 2 The case of Gramenos v. Jewell Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987), is a good example, along with Holdeman , of where there can be probable cause for an arrest or for the filing of criminal charges, even though there is a later determination that the person charged is found not guilty.
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Cited "see"
Kanekoa v. City & County of Honolulu
See Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 437 (7th Cir.1986) (citing Moore v. Marketplace Restaurant, Inc., 754 F.2d 1336, 1350-52 (7th Cir.1985)), ce rt. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
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Cited "see"
ca9 1989
See Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 437 (7th Cir.1986) (citing Moore v. Marketplace Restaurant, Inc., 754 F.2d 1336, 1350-52 (7th Cir.1985)), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
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Cited "see"
United Steelworkers of America v. Phelps Dodge Corporation, a New York Corporation, Defendants
(2×)
See Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 435-36 (7th Cir.1986) (police agreement to arrest anyone designated by shopkeeper constitutes conspiracy), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); Moore v. Marketplace Restaurant, Inc., 754 F.2d 1336, 1352-53 (7th Cir.1985) (same).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Pasiewicz v. Lake County Forest Preserve District
See also Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 439 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987), in which the court made it clear that it was not saying that “police always are entitled to act on the complaint of an eyewitness.” The law does not provide that a police officer may always avoid suit if he makes an arrest based on the complaint of a victim or witness, no matter how absurd or ridiculous that complaint might be.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Donald Tangwall v. Thomas Stuckey
See, e.g., Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., Inc., 797 F.2d 432, 437 (7th Cir.) (holding that a trustworthy witness’ identification of an alleged shoplifter established probable cause despite fact that police had knowledge of information which “might lead a jury to conclude that other shoppers had mistaken the [accused’s] arrest for that of some other person” because “Myewitness descriptions are notoriously full of inaccuracies.”), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987). 11 As *517 such, the alleged discrepancies between Smith’s original description of her att…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Matter of Freimark
See also In re Skevin, 104 N.J. 476, 486 , 517 A.2d 852 (1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1954 , 95 L.Ed.2d 526 (1987) (holding that a knowing misappropriation may be established by “evidence [that] clearly and convincingly demonstrates that [respondent] knew the invasion was a likely result of his conduct” and that “ “willful blindness satisfies [the] requirement of knowledge’”) (citations omitted); In re Irizarry, 141 N.J. 189, 194 , 661 A.2d 275 (1995) (“[W]illfully blind respondent who ‘is aware of the highly probable existence of a material fact but does not …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Maltby v. Winston
However, the probable cause determination is made " 'at the moment the arrest is made.' " Hunter v. Bryant, 502 U.S. 224 , ----, 112 S.Ct. 534, 537 , 116 L.Ed.2d 589 (1991) (citations omitted); see also Gramenos v. Jewel, 797 F.2d 432, 439 (7th Cir.1986) (stating that "it's what the police know, not whether they know the truth, that matters"), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Maltby v. Winston
However, the probable cause determination is made “‘at the moment the arrest is made.’ ” Hunter v. Bryant, 502 U.S. 224 , -, 112 S.Ct. 534, 537 , 116 L.Ed.2d 589 (1991) (citations omitted); see also Gramenos v. Jewel, 797 F.2d 432, 439 (7th Cir.1986) (stating that “it’s what the police know, not whether they know the truth, that matters”), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Bieter Co. v. Blomquist
See also Holmberg v. Morrisette, 800 F.2d 205, 211 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1953 , 95 L.Ed.2d 526 (1987) (finding it unnecessary to decide whether Minnesota law “permits application of the clean hands doctrine, traditionally an equitable defense, in an action at law for money damages”); Earle R.
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Cited "see, e.g."
Danny C. Cross v. City of Chicago, a Municipal Corporation, and Robert Faulkner, Both as Agent and Individually
Once an officer has established cause on every element of a crime, he "need not continue investigating to check out leads or test the suspect's claim of innocence." Be Vier v. Hucal, 806 F.2d 123, 128 (7th Cir.1986); Schertz v. Waupaca County, 683 F.Supp. 1551, 1564 (E.D.Wis.1988), aff'd, 875 F.2d 578 (7th 1989); see also Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., 797 F.2d 432, 442 (7th Cir.1986) (concluding that "the police need not automatically interview available witnesses, on pain of the risk that a jury will require them to pay damages"), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
County of Riverside v. McLaughlin
(2×)
See, e. g., Gramenos v. Jewel Companies, Inc., 797 F. 2d 432, 437 (CA7 1986), cert. denied, 481 U. S. 1028 (1987); Bernard v. Palo Alto, 699 F. 2d 1023 , 1025 (CA9 1983) (per curiam); Fisher v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 690 F. 2d 1133, 1140 (CA4 1982); Mabry v. County of Kalamazoo, 626 F. Supp. 912, 914 (WD Mich. 1986); Sanders v. Houston, 543 F. Supp. 694, 699-701 (SD Tex. 1982), aff’d, 741F. 2d 1379 (CA5 1984); Lively v. Cullinane, 451 F. Supp. 1000, 1004 (DC 1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Reuben Ex Rel. Federal Labor Relations Authority v. Federal Deposit Insurance
See, e.g., Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., 797 F.2d 432, 438 (7th Cir.1986) ("probable cause" is "less than a rule of more-likely-than-not, but how much less depends on the circumstances”), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 495 (1st Cir.) ("probable cause” does not mean "more likely than not;” rather, “the words ‘reasonable cause' are perhaps closer to what is meant”), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1987). 8 .The "probable cause" language can be juxtaposed with the seemingly less stringen…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Jackson Warren v. City of Lincoln, Nebraska James Breen Sandra L. Myers and David M. Beggs
(2×)
When the issue of probable cause arises in a damage suit and “the facts are not disputed or are susceptible to only one reasonable inference, the question is one of law for the court.” Linn v. Garcia, 531 F.2d 855, 861 (8th Cir.1976) (citations omitted); see also Gramenos v. Jewel Cos., 797 F.2d 432, 438-39 (7th Cir.1986), ce rt. denied, 481 U.S. 1028 , 107 S.Ct. 1952 , 95 L.Ed.2d 525 (1987); Garris v. Rowland, 678 F.2d 1264, 1270 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 864 , 103 S.Ct. 143 , 74 L.Ed.2d 121 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Guider v. Smith
(2×)
See also United States v Archer-Daniels-Midland Co, 785 F2d 206, 211 (CA 8, 1986), cert den 481 US 1028 ; 107 S Ct 1952 ; 95 L Ed 2d 525 (1987). [17] See also Rich v Dollar, 841 F2d 1558, 1560 (CA 11, 1988). [18] This holding is consistent with Harlow 's requirement that the judge determine whether the law was clearly established at the time an action occurred.
Mullins Coal Co., Inc. of Virginia
v.
Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, United States Department of Labor
v.
Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, United States Department of Labor
No. 86-327.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 27, 1987.
481 U.S. 1028
Published
Citer courts: Seventh Circuit (1)
C. A. 4th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 479 U. S. 1029.] Motion of the Solicitor General for divided argument granted.