Leal v. United States, 479 U.S. 831 (1986). · Go Syfert
Leal v. United States, 479 U.S. 831 (1986). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“we are unable to see how the use of the magnifying glass to view photographs differs from the use of corrective eyeglasses by jurors”
80 citation events (4 in the last 25 years) across 29 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Commonwealth v. Silva (mass, 2019-05-15) · Strongest negative: United States v. Johnaton Sampson George (ca9, 1995-06-02)
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 20 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Distinguished United States v. Johnaton Sampson George
9th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 788 F.2d 841, 843 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986) (holding use of a magnifying glass indistinguishable from a juror’s use of corrective eyeglasses to examine evidence); United States v. Miranda, 986 F.2d 1283, 1286 (9th Cir.1993), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 2393 , 124 L.Ed.2d 295 (1993) (noting that defendant alleging juror misconduct involving magnifying glass conceded, “as he must,” that a magnifying glass is not extrinsic evidence).
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Commonwealth v. Silva
Mass. · 2019 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we are unable to see how the use of the magnifying glass to view photographs differs from the use of corrective eyeglasses by jurors
cited Cited "see" Marcus Louis Howell v. E.J. Brenen Daniel E. Lungren, Attorney General
9th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 843 (9th Cir.) (magnifying glass used to examine photographic evidence was not extrinsic evidence), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" Norfolk v. Houston
D. Neb. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Perri v. Director of the Dep’t of Corrections of Illinois, 817 F.2d 448 , 451 (7th Cir.) (presumption of correctness applies to state court’s finding of a “knowing and intelligent” waiver of Miranda rights), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 843 , 108 S.Ct. 135 , 98 L.Ed.2d 92 (1987); Derrick v. Peterson, 924 F.2d 813 (9th Cir. 1990) (same), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 853 , 112 S.Ct. 161 , 116 L.Ed.2d 126 (1991); Collazo v. Estelle, 940 F.2d 411 (9th Cir.1991) (following Derrick), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 870 , 116 L.Ed.2d 776 (1992); see Ahmad v. Redman, 782 F.2d 409, 412-13 (3rd …
cited Cited "see" United States v. Kon Yu-Leung, Also Known as Johnny Kon, John Ruotolo
2d Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Weichert, 783 F.2d 23, 25 (2d Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 117 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" Banghart v. Origoverken, A.B.
8th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 843 (9th Cir.), cert denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986) (holding that a magnifying-glass, which was not admitted into evidence but which the jurors used to examine photographic evidence, was not extrinsic evidence because no one asserted that “the jurors understood the magnifying glass itself to have any bearing on the case”).
discussed Cited "see" Banghart v. Origoverken
8th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 843 (9th Cir.), cert denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986) (holding that a magnifying glass, which was not admitted into evidence but which the jurors used to examine photographic evidence, was not extrinsic evidence because no one asserted that "the jurors understood the magnifying glass itself to have any bearing on the case").
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Douglas Fred Dorsey
4th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 842 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986) (in a pve-Daubert case, testimony was not allowed of a forensic anthropologist who was to testify that the defendant might not be the robber in a surveillance picture, on the grounds that the jury could make that comparison on its own).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Louis Gomez-Gomez
9th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 843 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Vincent A. Thorne, United States of America v. Ian A. Thorne, United States of America v. Antonio Pender, United States of America v. Raymond M. Haynes
D.C. Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 843 (9th Cir.) (failure to appoint expert on eyewitness identification not error where no showing of actual prejudice), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986). 42 The district court limited cross-examination of Officer Stroud on the issue of the difference in purities between the drugs in the house and the drugs sold by Haynes on the street.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Thorne
D.C. Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 843 (9th Cir.) (failure to appoint expert on eyewitness identification not error where no showing of actual prejudice), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Sharon Ann Rahm (2×)
9th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 842 (9th Cir.) (definiteness of opinion legitimately considered as one non-dispositive factor in determining admissibility of expert anthropological testimony), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" Morgan Guaranty Trust Company Of New York v. Republic Of Palau
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Covington, 783 F.2d 1052, 1056 (9th Cir.1985) (confession given in Republic of the Marshall Islands after approval of free association status treated as given in "foreign country"), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 117 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986); Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands v. Atalig, 723 F.2d 682, 687 (9th Cir.) (application of local law after approval of Covenant granting Commonwealth status to Northern Mariana Islands), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1244 , 104 S.Ct. 3518 , 82 L.Ed.2d 826 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Morgan Guaranty Trust Co. of New York v. Republic of Palau
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Covington, 783 F.2d 1052, 1056 (9th Cir.1985) (confession given in Republic of the Marshall Islands after approval of free association status treated as given in “foreign coun try”), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 117 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986); Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands v. Atalig, 723 F.2d 682, 687 (9th Cir.) (application of local law after approval of Covenant granting Commonwealth status to Northern Mariana Islands), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1244 , 104 S.Ct. 3518 , 82 L.Ed.2d 826 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Skelton
3rd Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Ferri, 778 F.2d 985, 993 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1172 , 106 S.Ct. 2896 , 90 L.Ed.2d 983 , 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 117 , 93 L.Ed.2d 63 (1986). 21 Ultimately it decided that a new trial was required for several reasons: 22 First, the allegations and evidence of possible juror bias are troubling.
discussed Cited "see" State v. Conner
Ariz. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
Evid., 17A A.R.S.; see United States v. Weichert, 783 F.2d 23, 25 (2d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 117 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986) {Luce extends to FRE 608(b) cases because of balancing requirements of FRE 403).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Skelton
3rd Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Ferri, 778 F.2d 985, 993 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1172 , 106 S.Ct. 2896 , 90 L.Ed.2d 983 , 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 117 , 93 L.Ed.2d 63 (1986).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Keller
Ala. Crim. App. · 2000 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Covington, 783 F.2d 1052 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 117 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986)(citing Chavarria’s hold ing that the exclusionary rule is not applicable to interrogations performed by foreign police officers acting in their own country).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Vernon Jackson v. Eddie Ylst
9th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see also · confidence low
In fact, in prior cases we have concluded that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying an application for the appointment of an expert on eyewitness identification because cross-examination is sufficient to “alert jurors to specific conditions that render a particular eyewitness identification unreliable.” United States v. Christophe, 833 F.2d 1296, 1300 (9th Cir.1987); see also United States v. Brewer, 783 F.2d 841, 842-43 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 831 , 107 S.Ct. 118 , 93 L.Ed.2d 64 (1986) (upholding trial court’s decision not to appoint eyewitness expert un…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Cruz, Jose, United States of America v. Alverio, Julian Miguel
3rd Cir. · 1990 · signal: see also · confidence low
A survey of analogous cases convinces us, however, that our inquiry involves “a hybrid question of law and fact subsuming a complex of values, and as such cannot be treated as a simple question of historical fact.” United States v. Fraction, 795 F.2d 12, 14 (3d Cir.1986) (issue of involuntariness is subject to plenary review.) Determining whether any given explanation of rights is sufficient “requires us to ‘consider legal concepts in the mix of fact and law and to exercise judgment about the values’ underlying the Miranda rule and the fifth amendment.” United States v. Calisto, 83…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…

C. A. 5th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.