green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
7.6 score
G Cite
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 18 distinct citers.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Leroy Warshawsky (93-1345) Ira Warshawsky (93-1346) and Ted Warshawsky (93-1473)
the conscious avoidance charge commonly has been used where a defendant has claimed lack of some specific aspect of knowledge necessary to conviction but where the evidence may be construed as deliberate ignorance.
cited
Cited "see"
Titington v. United States
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015 , 1022–23 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Swiney
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1022-23 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
ca6 2000
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1022-23 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 . . . (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Brown
Accord ingly, the giving of this charge is proper “‘where a defendant has claimed lack of some specific aspect of knowledge necessary to conviction but where the evidence may be construed as deliberate ignorance.’” United States v. Boothe, 994 F.2d 63, 69 (2d Cir.1993) (quoting United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1022 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986)).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Mark E. Tuley
See United States v. Doffin, 791 F.2d 118, 120 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 210 , 93 L.Ed.2d 140 (1986); Jones, 759 F.2d at 638-39 (noting factors such as the lateness of the hour, a deserted area, and a lone officer).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Mark E. Tuley
See United States v. Doffin, 791 F.2d 118, 120 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 (1986); Jones, 759 F.2d at 638-39 (noting factors such as the lateness of the hour, a deserted area, and a lone officer).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Alphonso Pedraza, United States of America v. Peter Brent Irelan, United States of America v. Enrique Pedraza
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1020 (2d Cir.) (testimony of three witnesses to whom witness was indebted not probative on issue of witness’s truthfulness), cer t. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
ca9 1993
See United States v. Morse, 785 F.2d 771, 775 (9th Cir.) (reversal of conviction for variance required only if the substantial rights of the defendant were prejudiced), cert denied, 476 U.S. 1186 , and cert. denied 479 U.S. 861 (1986); United States v. Tarantino, 846 F.2d 1384, 1391 (D.C.Cir.1988) ("A variance between the allegations of the indictment and the proof at trial constitutes grounds for reversal only if the appellant proves (1) that the evidence at trial established facts materially variant from those alleged in the indictment, and (2) that the variance caused substantial prejudice.…
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Lanni
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1022-23 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Lanni
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1022-23 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Oscar Civelli
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1021 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Davidson Pipe Co. v. Laventhol & Horwath
See United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1020 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986) (debts); West v. Love, 776 F.2d 170, 175-76 (7th Cir.1985) (threats).
discussed
Cited "see"
Vizzina v. City of Birmingham
See Cherry v. State , 491 So.2d 1003 (Ala. 1986), on remand, *Page 657 491 So.2d 1006 (Ala.Cr.App. 1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 210 , 93 L.Ed.2d 139 (1986) (signature of public official on document he or she is required to sign in official capacity can be judicially noticed, even without designation of title).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Mauricio Londono-Villa
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1022 (2d Cir.) (conscious-avoidance instruction is appropriate when a defendant claims to lack "some specific aspect of knowledge necessary to conviction but where the evidence may be construed as deliberate ignorance"), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Mitchell Brown
See also United States v. Morse, 785 F.2d 771 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1186 , 106 S.Ct. 2925 , 91 L.Ed.2d 553 and 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 209 , 93 L.Ed.2d 139 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Mang Sun Wong, Chi Hong Lam and Hang Fang Ko, Mang Sun Wong
(2×)
Compare United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015, 1022 (2d Cir.) ("conscious avoidance charge commonly has been used where a defendant has claimed lack of some specific aspect of knowledge necessary to conviction but where the evidence may be construed as deliberate ignorance”) (citing cases), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986), with United States v. Alvarado, 838 F.2d 311, 314 (9th Cir.) (“cases in which the facts point to deliberate ignorance are relatively rare”), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 2880 , 101 L.Ed.2d 915 (1988); United States v. Garzon, 6…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Arce v. Smith
A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence carries a “very heavy burden.” United States v. Soto, 716 F.2d 989 (2d Cir.1983); see also United States v. Lanza, 790 F.2d 1015 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 861 , 107 S.Ct. 211 , 93 L.Ed.2d 141 (1986).
Osley
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 86-5106.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 6, 1986.
Published
Citer courts: Sixth Circuit (1)
C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.