green
Positive treatment
6.3 score
Treatment trajectory · 1989 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1989
2007
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 29 distinct citers.
cited
Cited "see"
Hernandez v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 22 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Melbourne v. State
See generally State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988). [9] The Florida Constitution does not require that an explanation be nonracial and reasonable, only that it be truly nonracial.
cited
Cited "see"
Jackson v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.1988), ce rt. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Rivera v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); cf. Reynolds v. State, 576 So.2d 1300 (Fla.1991) (striking one African-American venire member who was sole minority available for jury service created strong likelihood that juror challenged solely because of race). [3] In fact, after juror Maxwell was seated as a member of the jury and preliminary instructions administered, the trial court addressed the following remarks directly to her: Miss Maxwell, since you work in the Jury Room and work in the court system, it's going to be es…
discussed
Cited "see"
Smith v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 22 (Fla.) (reason for challenge may be pretextual if "unrelated to the facts of the case") (emphasis added), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); cf. Desroches v. State, 645 So.2d 1084 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994) (African-American defendant's assertion that African-American prospective juror would be unable to relate to defendant's situation based on facts in record constituted race-neutral, non-pretextual reason for striking juror).
cited
Cited "see"
Bernard v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 , 23 n. 3 (Fla.) (noting that single question posed to juror could have cleared up issue), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Fitzgerald v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 22 (Fla.) (factors that may demonstrate pretext include perfunctory examination of challenged juror and proffered reason for challenge that is unrelated to facts of case), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
Hbe Leasing Corporation v. Frank
See Volvo North America Corp. v. Men's International Professional Tennis Council, 839 F.2d 69 , 75 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2872 , 101 L.Ed.2d 908 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
HBE Leasing Corp. v. Frank
See Volvo North America Corp. v. Men’s International Professional Tennis Council, 839 F.2d 69 , 75 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2872 , 101 L.Ed.2d 908 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
Turner v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); State v. Neil, 457 So.2d 481 (Fla. 1984).
cited
Cited "see"
Fulton v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.1988), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Fernandez v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla. 1988), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); Reeves v. State, 632 So.2d 702 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); House v. State, 614 So.2d 647 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993).
discussed
Cited "see"
Jones v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 22 (Fla.) (once the objecting party establishes a prima facie showing that the challenging party has utilized peremptories in a racial discriminatory manner, the trial court must make the latter articulate reasons for the strikes), cert. den., 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); Reynolds v. State, 576 So.2d 1300 (Fla.1991) (trial court should have conducted “Neil inquiry” where state exercised peremptory challenge of only black venireperson); State v. Neil, 457 So.2d 481 (Fla.1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Marshall v. State
See State v. Neil, 457 So.2d 481 (Fla.1984), clarified, State v. Castillo, 486 So.2d 565 (Fla.1986), clarified, State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
House v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
Aldret v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 22 (Fla.), cert. den., 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
Gray v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 22 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); State v. Neil, 457 So.2d 481 (Fla.1984), clarified sub nom.
cited
Cited "see"
Miller v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); Neil, 457 So.2d at 481 .
cited
Cited "see"
Alen v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 21 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 *1086 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Martinez v. State
“The act of eliminating all minority venire members, even if their number totals only one, shifts the burden to the state to justify the excusal upon a proper defense motion.” Reynolds v. State, 576 So.2d 1300, 1302 (Fla.1991); Blackshear v. State, 521 So.2d 1083 (Fla.1988); Johans v. State, 587 So.2d 1363 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991); Woods v. State, 556 So.2d 752 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989); Parrish v. State, 540 So.2d 870 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 549 So.2d 1014 (Fla.1989); see State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Weltover, Inc. Springdale Enterprises, Inc. Bank Cantrade, A.G. v. Republic of Argentina Banco Central De La Argentina
Recently, we stated that “[i]t is self-evident that issuing public debt is a commercial activity within the meaning of Section 1605(a)(2).” Shapiro v. Republic of Bolivia, 930 F.2d 1013, 1018 (2d Cir.1991) (negotiable promissory notes issued by the Republic of Bolivia); see Carl Marks & Co. v. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 841 F.2d 26, 27 (2d Cir.) (per curiam) (issuance of public debt by Russian Imperial Government in 1916 would have been commercial activity had the FSIA been in effect at the time), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2874 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); see also Hou…
discussed
Cited "see"
David Shapiro v. The Republic of Bolivia, the Bolivian Air Force and the Central Bank of Bolivia
See Carl Marks & Co. v. USSR, 841 F.2d 26, 27 (2d Cir.) (per curiam) (bearer bonds and credit participation certificates of Rus *1019 sian Imperial Government), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2874 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); West v. Multibanco Comermex, S.A., 807 F.2d 820, 825 (9th Cir.) (certificates of deposit issued by Mexican national banks), cert. denied, 482 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 2483 , 96 L.Ed.2d 375 (1987); Braka v. Bancomer, S.A., 589 F.Supp. 1465, 1469-70 (S.D.N.Y.1984) (same), aff'd, 762 F.2d 222 (2d Cir.1985); Allied Bank Int’l v. Banco Credito Agricola, 566 F.Supp. 1440, 1…
cited
Cited "see"
Wright v. State
See State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Trans-Orient Marine Corp. v. Star Trading & Marine, Inc.
See Carl Marks & Co., Inc. v. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 665 F.Supp. 323, 340-41 (S.D.N.Y.1987), aff'd, 841 F.2d 26 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2874 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988); Lehigh Valley R.R.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
IBJ Schroder Bank & Trust Co. v. Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs of the USSR
This contention is supported by the affidavit of Oleg Enoukov, defendant’s New York representative, who states that defendant "is a banking organization existing pursuant to the laws of the Russian Federation * * * [which has always] been wholly-owned by the Russian Federation or the U.S.S.R. or government-owned entities * * * [Defendant] functions and exists as a separate entity from the Russian Federation * * * [but] serves as an organ of the Russian Federation.” The FSIA, enacted in 1976, created certain exceptions to the absolute immunity accorded to foreign sovereigns by the courts pr…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Johans
Compare State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.) (number alone is not dispositive, nor even the fact that a member of the minority in question has been seated as a juror or alternate), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988) with Reynolds v. State, 576 So.2d 1300 (Fla. 1991) (striking one African-American venire member who was sole minority available for jury service created strong likelihood).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Pharris
The trial court must discount justifications if the prospective juror was (1) not shown to share an alleged bias, (2) not examined or subjected only to perfunctory examination by the prosecutor when neither the trial court nor the defense had questioned him or her, (3) singled out for questioning to evoke a specific response, (4) challenged for a reason unrelated to the trial, or (5) challenged for reasons equally applicable to other jurors not similarly challenged. *464 Span, 819 P.2d at 342-43 ; see also Cantu II, 778 P.2d at 518 (approving the criteria of State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Jefferson v. State
See also State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Verdelotti v. State
See also Reed v. State, 560 So.2d 203 (Fla. 1990) There was no showing by defendant that "the state *1329 [has] engage[d] in a pattern of excluding a minority... ." State v. Slappy, 522 So.2d 18, 23 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219 , 108 S.Ct. 2873 , 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988).
Men's International Professional Tennis Council
v.
Volvo North America Corp.
v.
Volvo North America Corp.
No. 87-1823.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jun 27, 1988.
487 U.S. 1219
Published
C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.