Howlett v. Fed. Nat'l Mortg. Ass'n, 423 U.S. 909 (1975). · Go Syfert
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Howlett v. Fed. Nat'l Mortg. Ass'n, 423 U.S. 909 (1975). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“a person may be bound by a judgment even though not a party if one of the parties to the suit is so closely aligned with his interests as to be his virtual representative.”
223 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 81 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Massey v. David (fladistctapp, 2002-10-30)
Treatment trajectory · 1975 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1975 2000 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 41 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Massey v. David
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2002 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
a person may be bound by a judgment even though not a party if one of the parties to the suit is so closely aligned with his interests as to be his virtual representative.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Intercept Security Corp. v. Code-Alarm, Inc.
E.D. Mich. · 1995 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
person may be bound by a judgment even though not a party if one of the parties to the suit is so closely aligned with his interests as to be his virtual representative.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Stogniew v. McQueen
Fla. · 1995 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
a person may be bound by a judgment even though not a party if one of the parties to the suit is so closely aligned with his interests as to be his virtual representative.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Hochstadt v. Orange Broadcast
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1991 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the res judicata effects of a judgment are determined by the law of the court that rendered the judgment.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Lubrizol Corporation v. Exxon Corporation
5th Cir. · 1989 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
looking beyond the pleadings to what could have been pleaded, however, is precisely what is required by the federal law of res judicata
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Lubrizol Corp. v. Exxon Corp.
5th Cir. · 1989 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
looking beyond the pleadings to what could have been pleaded, however, is precisely what is required by the federal law of res judicata
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 99,484 John F. Maher v. Zapata Corporation v. William Maldonado, Objector-Appellant
5th Cir. · 1983 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
... all claims and defenses that were actually raised or could have been raised
discussed Cited "see" Thompson v. Smith
M.D. Ala. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719 (5th Cir.) (subsequent suit by a non-party may be precluded “if one of the parties to the suit is so closely aligned with [the non-party’s] interests as to be his virtual representative”), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908, 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see" Carlin v. Gold Hawk Joint Venture
S.D.N.Y. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corporation v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 , 716-18 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see" Meadows v. Chevron, U.S.A., Inc.
E.D. Tex. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
Robinson v. National Cash Register Co., 808 F.2d 1119, 1124 (5th Cir.1987); See Aerojet-General Corporation v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see" J. Dale Mann, Cross-Appellee v. City of Albany, Georgia, a Municipal Corporation, Cross-Appellant, Washington Long
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719-20 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see" The Amalgamated Sugar Company, Llc v. Nl Industries, Inc.
2d Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Alleghany, 344 F.2d at 574 . 34 "The question whether a party's interests in a case are virtually representative of the interest of a nonparty is one of fact for the trial court." Aerojet-General Corporation v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 , 719 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see" International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. Cleveland Gear Corp.
N.D. Ohio · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Co. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see" Joseph Gelb v. Royal Globe Insurance Company
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); accord Precision Air Parts, Inc. v. Avco Corp., 736 F.2d 1499 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 966 , 83 L.Ed.2d 970 (1985); Harrison v. Celotex Corp., 583 F.Supp. 1497 (E.D.Tenn.1984); Fraley v. American Cyanamid Co., 570 F.Supp. 497 (D.Colo.1983); J.
discussed Cited "see" Gelb v. Royal Globe Insurance
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); accord Precision Air Parts, Inc. v. Avco Corp., 736 F.2d 1499 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, — U.S.—, 105 S.Ct. 966 , 83 L.Ed.2d 970 (1985); Harrison v. Celotex Corp., 583 F.Supp. 1497 (E.D.Tenn.1984); Fraley v. American Cyanamid Co., 570 F.Supp. 497 (D.Colo.1983); J.
cited Cited "see" Gregory Marketing Corp. v. Wakefern Food Corp.
N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 716-718 (4 Cir.), cert. den. 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Kern v. Hettinger, 303 F.2d 333, 340 (2 Cir.1962).
cited Cited "see" Crane v. Commissioner of Department of Agriculture, Food & Rural Resources
D. Me. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Grossman v. Axelrod, 466 F.Supp. at 774-75 .
discussed Cited "see" Southeast Bank, N.A. v. Equitec Leasing Investors 1978
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See In Re Wesco Products Co., 22 B.R. 107 (N.D.Ill.1982), and Aerojet General Corp. v. Askew, 366 F.Supp. 901 (N.D.Fla.1978), aff'd. 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), cert. den., 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see" Bud Antle, Inc. v. Eastern Foods, Inc.
S.D. Ga. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), rehearing denied, 514 F.2d 1072 , cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Willis v. Fournier, 418 F.Supp. 265 (M.D.Ga.), aff’d without opinion, 537 F.2d 1142 (5th Cir.1976).
cited Cited "see" Delta Air Lines, Inc., Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. McCoy Restaurants, Inc.
11th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719 (5th Cir.), appeal dismissed and cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see" Albanese v. Emerson Electric Co.
D. Del. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corporation v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 , 715 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Kern v. Hettinger, 303 F.2d 333, 340 (2d Cir.1962); Restatement Judgments 2d § 87, Comment b (1982) (better reasoned rule is to apply federal law of collateral estoppel in federal court).
discussed Cited "see" Vulcan, Inc. v. Fordees Corporation (2×)
6th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Co. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see" In the Matter of the Arbitration Between Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Incorporated v. Helen Echo Haydu
5th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, et a1., 511 F.2d 710 , 717 & n.9 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Itt Rayonier, Incorporated
9th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ma Chuck Moon v. Dulles, supra. Courts have recognized that a non-party may be bound if a party is so closely aligned with its interests as to be its “virtual representative.” Aerojet Gen'l Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 , 719 (5th Cir.) (and cases cited), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see" Eagle Transport Ltd., Inc. v. O'CONNOR
S.D.N.Y. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Fisser v. International Bank, supra. Nor do they alone establish that O’Connor & Sons was Atlantic’s “virtual representative”, Aerojet-General Corporation v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 , 719 (5th Cir. 1975), appeal dismissed, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975), or possessed such an “identity of interest”, Kreager v. General Electric Co., 497 F.2d 468, 472 (2d Cir. 1974), with Atlantic as to render it the latter’s privy.
discussed Cited "see" Eugene A. CEMER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MARATHON OIL COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee
6th Cir. · 1978 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, Aerojet General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 , 716-18 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); see also Atkins v. Schmutz Manufacturing Co., 435 F.2d 527, 535-37 (4th Cir. 1970) (en banc), cert. denied, 402 U.S. 932 , 91 S.Ct. 1526 , 28 L.Ed.2d 867 (1971).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Nunez Nunez v. Vazquez Irizarry
D.P.R. · 2005 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719 (5th Cir.) (holding that, under federal law, “a person may be bound by a judgment even though not a party if one of the parties to the suit is so closely aligned with his interests as to be his virtual representative”), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Gonzalez Abreau v. Banco Central
1st Cir. · 1994 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719 (5th Cir.) (holding that, under federal law, “a person may be bound by a judgment even though not a party if one of the parties to the suit is so closely aligned with his interests as to be his virtual representative”), cer t. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Heney v. Windsor Corp.
M.D. Fla. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
“Where the first suit is brought in state court and the second suit is brought in federal court based on diversity, state law of res judicata is to be applied.” Amey, Inc. v. Gulf Abstract & Title, Inc., 758 F.2d 1486, 1509 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1107 , 106 S.Ct. 1513 , 89 L.Ed.2d 912 (1986); see also Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 , 718 n. 9 (5th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom Metropolitan Dade County v. Aerojet-General Corp., 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see, e.g." The Lubrizol Corporation v. Exxon Corporation and Exxon Research and Engineering Company
3rd Cir. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 715-18 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Fine v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew , 511 F.2d 710 , 719 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S. Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975) ; 18 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice § 4457 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Pilié v. Graham
La. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), appeal dismissed and cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 87 (1982); Degnan, supra. Yet most who advocate a uniform rule also call for exceptions that would allow a state court, when it is the second forum, to apply its own state rules instead of the federal rules to matters not affecting the core principles of res judicata.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Pilie & Pilie v. Metz
La. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), appeal dismissed and cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 87 (1982); Degnan, supra. Yet most who advocate a uniform rule also call for exceptions that would allow a state court, when it is the second forum, to apply its own state rules instead of the federal rules to matters not affecting the core principles of res judicata.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Falk v. Hecker (In Re Falk)
Bankr. D. Minn. · 1988 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Federal Insurance Company v. Gates Learjet Corporation
10th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 716-17 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Kern v. Hettinger, 303 F.2d 333, 340 (2d Cir.1962).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Gaspersohn Ex Rel. Gaspersohn v. Harnett County Board of Education (2×)
N.C. Ct. App. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Baker v. Owen, 395 F. Supp. 294 (M.D.N.C. 1975), aff’d, 423 U.S. 907 , 46 L.Ed. 2d 137 , 96 S.Ct. 210 (1975).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Precision Air Parts, Inc. v. Avco Corporation
11th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Geophysical Corp.
unknown court · 1984 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710, 719 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); 18 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice § 4457 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Spiker v. Capitol Milk Producers Cooperative, Inc.
W.D. Va. · 1983 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Cauefield v. Fidelity & Casualty Co., 378 F.2d 876 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 389 U.S. 1009 , 88 S.Ct. 571 , 19 L.Ed.2d 606 (1967).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Bertrand v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp.
D. Minnesota · 1982 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Aerojet-General Corp. v. Askew, 511 F.2d 710 (5th Cir.), appeal dismissed, 423 U.S. 908 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975), and Willis v. Fournier, 418 F.Supp. 265 (M.D.Ga.), aff’d without opinion, 537 F.2d 1142 (5th Cir. 1976) (applying federal law of res judicata and collateral estoppel), with McCarty v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 502 F.Supp. 335, 338-39 (S.D.Miss.1980) (applying state law of collateral estoppel).
examined Cited "see, e.g." Vivian Warren v. Government National Mortgage Association (4×)
8th Cir. · 1980 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare, e. g., FNMA v. Howlett, 521 S.W.2d 428, 432 (Mo. en banc) appeal dismissed 423 U.S. 909 , 96 S.Ct. 210 , 46 L.Ed.2d 137 (1975); Warren v. GNMA, 521 S.W.2d 441 (Mo. en banc 1975).
Howlett
v.
Federal National Mortgage Assn.
No. 75-5081.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 20, 1975.
423 U.S. 909
Published
5 passages pin-cited by 7 cases
Pinpoint authority: #20,234 of 633,719
Citer courts: Fifth Circuit (3) · District Court of Appeal of Fl… (2) · Supreme Court of Florida (1) · E.D. Michigan (1)

Appeal from Sup. Ct. Mo. dismissed for want of substantial federal question.