Gregoire v. Biddle, 339 U.S. 949 (1950). · Go Syfert
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Gregoire v. Biddle, 339 U.S. 949 (1950). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
411 citation events (24 in the last 25 years) across 91 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Garcia v. Casey (alnd, 2020-02-12)
Treatment trajectory · 1950 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1950 1988 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 35 distinct citers.
discussed Cited "see" Garcia v. Casey
N.D. Ala. · 2020 · signal: see · confidence high
See Imbler, 424 U.S. at 423 (“In this instance it has been thought in the end better to leave undressed the wrongs done by dishonest officers than to subject those who try to do their duty to the constant dread of retaliation.” (quoting Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 (1950))).
discussed Cited "see" Garcia v. Casey
N.D. Ala. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
See Imbler, 424 U.S. at 423 (“In this instance it has been thought in the end better to leave undressed the wrongs done by dishonest officers than to subject those who try to do their duty to the constant dread of retaliation.” (quoting Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 (1950))).
discussed Cited "see" Aurelia Davis, as Next Friend of Lashonda D. v. Monroe County Board of Education (2×)
11th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 814 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736 , 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982) (reasoning that, without qualified immunity, "there is the danger that fear of being sued will 'dampen the ardor of all but the most resolute, or the most irresponsible [public officials], in the unflinching discharge of their duties' " (quoting Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950)) (alterations in original).
discussed Cited "see" Davis v. Monroe Cty. Board of Ed.
11th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 814 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736 , 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982) (reasoning that, without qualified immunity, "there is the danger that fear of being sued will "dampen the ardor of all but the most resolute, or the most irresponsible [public officials], in the unflinching discharge of their duties' " (quoting Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2nd Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950)) (alterations in original)).
discussed Cited "see" Robinson v. Volkswagenwerk AG
10th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, ill F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949) (Hand, C.J.) (following Yaselli on a false arrest claim against prosecutors and concluding that "it has been thought in the end better to leave unre-dressed the wrongs done by dishonest officers than to subject those who do try to do their duty to the constant dread of retaliation"), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
discussed Cited "see" Harry Robinson and Kay Robinson, Eva May McCarthy and George Samuel Robinson v. Volkswagenwerk Ag, Greer & Greer, and Herzfeld & Rubin, P.C.
10th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949) (Hand, C.J.) (following Yaselli on a false arrest claim against prosecutors and concluding that "it has been thought in the end better to leave unredressed the wrongs done by dishonest officers than to subject those who do try to do their duty to the constant dread of retaliation"), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
discussed Cited "see" Cooney v. Park County (2×)
Wyo. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2nd Cir.1949), cert. denied 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950). [3] The vice of this case is in writing bad law on assumed facts.
discussed Cited "see" District of Columbia v. Thompson
D.C. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Barr, 360 U.S. at 572 , 79 S.Ct. at 1340 (quoting Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950)); Aspen Exploration Corp. v. Sheffield, 739 P.2d 150, 154-55 (Alaska 1987).
cited Cited "see" Lee v. Carlson
S.D.N.Y. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950); Gilliam v. Quinlan, 608 F.Supp. 823, 830 (D.C.N.Y.1985). 12 .
cited Cited "see" cadc 1984
D.C. Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
cited Cited "see" Biscoe v. Arlington County
D.C. Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
discussed Cited "see" Robert Stanley Williams v. Samuel P. Collins, Jr.
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Barr v. Matteo, 360 U.S. 564, 572 , 79 S.Ct. 1335, 1340 , 3 L.Ed.2d 1434 (1959), quoting Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
cited Cited "see" Gutierrez v. Vergari
S.D.N.Y. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 580-81 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
discussed Cited "see" National Black Police Association v. Velde
D.C. Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See note 14 supra. 17 As the potential liability of federal officials for constitutional wrongs expands, see, e. g., Davis v. Passman, 442 U.S. 228 , 99 S.Ct. 2264 , 60 L.Ed.2d 846 (1979), it becomes all the more important to safeguard vigorously the discretion of those federal officials whose functions must be especially protected from "the constant dread of retaliation," Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir. 1949) (Learned Hand, J.), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950), quoted in Ferri v. Ackerman, 444 U.S. 193 , 204 n.20, 100 S.Ct. 402 , 409 n.20, 62 L.…
cited Cited "see" Malone v. Longo
E.D.N.Y · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2 Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950). 5 .
cited Cited "see" Lofland v. Meyers
S.D.N.Y. · 1977 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950); Boruski v. Stewart, 381 F.Supp. 529, 534 (S.D.N.Y.1974).
cited Cited "see" Barksdale v. Ryan
N.D. Ill. · 1974 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. den. 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950); Norton v. McShane, 332 F.2d 855 (5th Cir. 1964).
cited Cited "see" SANDERS LEAD COMPANY, INC. v. Levine
M.D. Ala. · 1973 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gre-goire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir. *1118 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S. Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950), or quasi-judicial officers, see C.
discussed Cited "see" Williams v. Halperin
S.D.N.Y. · 1973 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950); accord, Bethea v. Reid, 445 F.2d 1163, 1164 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 1061 , 92 S.Ct. 747 , 30 L.Ed.2d749 (1971).
cited Cited "see" Burton v. Peartree
E.D. Pa. · 1971 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2 Cir. 1949), cert. den. 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 .
discussed Cited "see" Webster Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (2×)
2d Cir. · 1969 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950); cf. Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 555-557 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 , 18 L.Ed.2d 288 (1967).
cited Cited "see" R. W. Agnew v. City of Compton, a Municipal Corporation H. R. Lindemulder and Frank Sprague
9th Cir. · 1957 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 2 Cir., 177 F. 2d 579 , certiorari denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 . 18 .
cited Cited "see" Morgan v. Null
S.D.N.Y. · 1953 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gregoire v. Biddle, 2 Cir., 177 F.2d 579 , certiorari denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 . 2 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." cadc 1987
D.C. Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
But if the scope of an official's authority or line of duty were viewed as coextensive with the official's lawful conduct, then immunity would be available only where it is not needed; in effect, the immunity doctrine would be "completely abrogate[d]." Briggs v. Goodwin, 569 F.2d 10, 15 (D.C.Cir.1977), cert. denied, 437 U.S. 904 , 98 S.Ct. 3089 , 57 L.Ed.2d 1133 (1978); see also Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949) (proper inquiry is whether "the occasion [was] such as would have justified the act, if [the defendant] had been using his power for any of the purposes on whose acco…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Martin v. D.C. Metropolitan Police Department
D.C. Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
Cir.1977), cert. denied, 437 U.S. 904 , 98 S.Ct. 3089 , 57 L.Ed.2d 1133 (1978); see also Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949) (proper inquiry is whether “the occasion [was] such as would have justified the act, if [the defendant] had been using his power for any of the purposes on whose account it was vested in him”) (emphasis added), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Group Health Inc. v. Blue Cross Ass'n
S.D.N.Y. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Barr v. Matteo, 360 U.S. at 571 , 79 S.Ct. at 1339 (quoting Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950)).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Gilliam v. Quinlan
S.D.N.Y. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Norman Birnbaum, B. Leonard Avery and Mary Rule MacMillen Plaintiffs v. United States (2×)
2d Cir. · 1978 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Economou, supra, with Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2d Cir.1949), Cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950). 77 The responsibility is lodged, under the FTCA, where the careful report of the Attorney General says it belongs on a diverse and complacent officialdom.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Imbler v. Pachtman
SCOTUS · 1976 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F. 2d 579 (CA2 1949), cert. denied, 339 U. S. 949 (1950); Cooper v. O’Connor, 69 App. D.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Robert J. Fine v. The City of New York, Anthony Saladino (2×)
2d Cir. · 1975 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Apton v. Wilson
D.C. Cir. · 1974 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 (1950). .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." ca8 1969
8th Cir. · 1969 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, also, Judge Learned Hand's frequently cited opinion in Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2 Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 . 27 This court, too, has struggled with the conflict between the principle of official immunity and the need for redress for the invasion of a private right.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Ruderer v. Meyer
8th Cir. · 1969 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, also, Judge Learned Hand’s frequently cited opinion in Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579, 581 (2 Cir. 1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Kenneth T. Lyons v. W. E. Howard, Jr. (2×)
1st Cir. · 1958 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Gregoire v. Biddle, 2 Cir., 1949, 177 F.2d 579 , certiorari denied 1950, 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 803 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 ; Papagianakis v. The Samos, 4 Cir., 1950, 186 F.2d 257 . 9 Of course the policy behind the granting of such absolute immunity is not to protect wicked defendants from the normal civil liabilities for the publication of defamatory statements maliciously and in bad faith.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Forrest Harmon & Co. v. Rottgering
W.D. Ky. · 1952 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Berlinsky v. Woods, Federal Housing Expediter, 4 Cir., 178 F.2d 265 , certiorari denied 339 U.S. 949 , 70 S.Ct. 805 , 94 L.Ed. 1363 ; Jacobs v. Office of Housing Expediter, 7 Cir., 176 F.2d 338 ; See also orders of this court in Haynes Carter v. George F. Shaw, et al., Civ.Action No. 1825, decided March 23, 1950; and James H.
Gregoire
v.
Biddle
No. 674.
Supreme Court of the United States.
May 1, 1950.
339 U.S. 949
Gunther Jacobson and Emily Marx for petitioner., Solicitor General Perlman, Assistant Attorney General Morison, Samuel D. Slade and Morion Hollander for respondents.
Application, Consideration, Took.
Cited by 7 opinions  |  Published

Certiorari denied.

Mr. Justice Clark took no part in the consideration or decision of this application.