green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
9.6 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“A judicial preference for prospective as opposed to retrospective legislative endeavor is well entrenched”
Treatment trajectory · 1976 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1976
2001
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 45 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
In Re Grand Jury Proceedings
But see United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 569 (10th Cir.), cert. denied 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976), overruled in part on other grounds by United States v. Daily, 921 F.2d 994 , 1004 & n. 11 (10th Cir.1990). 9 .
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Long
evidence of total bank deposits during the years in question was properly admissible as corroborative evidence in this specific item prosecution
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Association of Accredited Cosmetology Schools v. Alexander
a judicial preference for prospective as opposed to retrospective legislative endeavor is well entrenched
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Christopher Barnes
See United States v. Horton, 526 F.2d 884, 887 (5th Cir.) (holding that, where a fatal variance between the evidence and a bill of particulars is argued, the defendant “must demonstrate that he was taken by surprise by reason of the variance and that such surprise prejudiced the preparation of his defense”), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976); United States v. Glaze, 313 F.2d 757, 760 (2d Cir.1963) (same).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Richard M. Mitchell
See United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 567-68 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Lund
(2×)
See United States v. Oates, 560 F.2d 45, 62 (2d Cir.1977) (observing that “to ‘substantial dealers in narcotics’ firearms are as much ‘tools of the trade’ as are most commonly recognized articles of narcotics paraphernalia” (quoting United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976))).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Gabriel Alvarez, Gustavo Holguin, Leovigilda Rivera, Humberto Olivares Castrellon and Oneyda Zambrana
(2×)
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.) (courts recognize that narcotics laws offenders routinely use weapons to protect their illegal investment), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Harold Lloyd Phillips
(2×)
See generally United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 561-65 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976), (distinguishing between notice and grand jury guaranty).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Fred B. Black, Jr., (Two Cases)
See United States v. Horton, 526 F.2d 884, 887-88 (5th Cir.) (colloquy among Government, defense attorney, and the bench served as “functional equivalent of a limiting instruction”), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. William Ferreira
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976) (involving importation and distribution of narcotics); United States v. Campanile, 516 F.2d 288, 292 (2d Cir.1975) (admitting a gun as relevant to *7 intent; defendant had admitted that he took the gun with him and, while it was not used during the theft, “having it along would appear to be a form of criminal insurance for the success of the venture”).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Francisco Larranaga
See United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 573 (10th Cir.1976) (overturning convictions for making false statements when an immaterial alleged misstatement was submitted to jury and could have been basis of general verdict), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976); see also United States v. Dota, 482 F.2d 1005, 1006 (10th Cir.) (stating that if evidence is insufficient regarding any of defendant’s alleged misstatements, “a reversal is necessary under the general verdict”), ce rt. denied, 414 U.S. 1071 , 94 S.Ct. 583 , 38 L.Ed.2d 477 (1973). - However, we conclud…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Ira Paul Citron
See United States v. Mara-belles, 724 F.2d 1374 , 1377 n. 1 (9th Cir.1984) (citing United States v. Horton, 526 F.2d 884, 886 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976)).
discussed
Cited "see"
People v. Miller
While defendant suggests that “almost anything” could constitute contraband under a given set of circumstances, the test as to vagueness is whether the statute provides an adequate warning as applied in a specific situation, even though marginal cases might give rise to some doubt (People v Cruz, 48 NY2d 419, 424 , app dsmd 446 US 901 ; People v Farrar, 120 Misc 2d 464, 471 ; see United States v Parness, 503 F2d 430, 442, cert den 419 US 1105 , 429 US 820 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Alex Ortiz
See Solem v. Helm, supra. Even ignoring the violence typically associated with narcotics operations, see, e.g., United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976), heroin dealing can readily lead to violence, theft, robbery, or the like on the part of a buyer to support his habit.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Willie Terry, United States of America v. Eric Nalven, Robert Guippone, Willard Williams, Onzelo Markum, Clarence Haynes, Saint Julian Harrison, Paul Jenkins, and Anthony Michael Porcelli, Defendants
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976). 65 Under the circumstances we cannot say that the trial judge's determination was irrational.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Meynardo Montemayor and Manuel Montemayor
See United States v. Horton, 526 F.2d 884, 887 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Terry
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F. 2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Bobby L. Champion v. S&m Traylor Brothers and Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Company
McGrath Corp. v. Hughes, 264 F.2d 314, 316 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 360 U.S. 931 , 79 S.Ct. 1451 , 3 L.Ed.2d 1545 (1959); see In re District of Columbia Workmen's Compensation Act, 554 F.2d 1075 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976). 26 .
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Howard
(2×)
See United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556 (10th Cir. 1976), cert. denied 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976). 2.
discussed
Cited "see"
Stevenson v. Linens of the Week
See Swinton v. Kelly, 554 F.2d 1075 , 1083 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976) (§ 920(a) presumption may be dispelled by circumstantial evidence specific and comprehensive enough to sever the potential connection between a particular injury and a job-related event); Wheatley, 407 F.2d at 313 . “[T]he quantum and type of evidence required of the employer corresponds to the specificity of the claimant’s evidence and allegations.” United States Industries/Federal Sheet Metal, Inc. v. Director, Office of Workers’ Compensation Program, 455 U.S. 608 ,…
discussed
Cited "see"
Stevenson v. Linens of the Week
See Swinton v. Kelly, 554 F.2d 1075 , 1083 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976) (§ 920(a) presumption may be dispelled by circumstantial evidence specific and comprehensive enough to sever the potential connection between a particular injury and a job-related event); Wheatley, 407 F.2d at 313 . "(T)he quantum and type of evidence required of the employer corresponds to the specificity of the claimant's evidence and allegations." United States Industries/Federal Sheet Metal, Inc. v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Program, --- U.S. ----, 102 S.C…
discussed
Cited "see"
Crowl v. State
(2×)
See United States v. Harper, 530 F.2d 828 , 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed. 80 ; United States v. Wheaton, 557 F.2d 275 (1 Cir. 1977); United States v. Solow, 574 F.2d 1318 (5 Cir. 1978); United States v. Lane, 574 F.2d 1019 (10 Cir. 1978), cert. denied 439 U.S. 867 , 99 S.Ct. 193 , 58 L.Ed.2d 177 ; United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21 (2 Cir. 1979); United States v. Stieren, 608 F.2d 1135 (8 Cir. 1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Esposito
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 17 (2 Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Carlos-Vasquez Santiago and Elmer Colon
See Delaware v. Prouse, supra, at- and n. 8., 99 S.Ct. 1391 at 1396 , 59 L.Ed.2d 660 . 4 Appellants also challenge the search of the blue suitcase carried by Vasquez-Santiago because, allegedly, no consent was given for the warrantless search. 5 While claims of consent given for a search by an individual in official custody should be scrutinized with care, United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 17 (2d Cir.), cert. den ied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976), the fact of custody alone is not enough to demonstrate involuntariness of consent.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Martin
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Martin
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), Cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Frank Viserto, Jr., Richard Rocco, Joseph Solce, Garnet Johnson, Sarah Payne, Howard Williams and Prentiss Covington
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976); United States v. Grant, 545 F.2d 1309, 1312-13 (2d Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1103 , 97 S.Ct. 1130 , 51 L.Ed.2d 554 (1977); cf. United States v. Ravich, 421 F.2d 1196, 1204-05 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 834 , 91 S.Ct. 69 , 27 L.Ed.2d 66 (1970).
discussed
Cited "see"
Hackney v. United States
See United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 562 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976); United States v. Trotta, 525 F.2d 1096, 1099 (2d *1341 Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 971 , 96 S.Ct. 2167 , 48 L.Ed.2d 794 (1976); United States v. Briggs, 514 F.2d 794, 804-806 (5th Cir. 1975).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Thomas Allen
See United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 562 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 87 . 21 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Robinson
See also United States v. Martinez, 938 F.2d 1078, 1083 (10th Cir.1991) (testimony regarding possession of guns and scales is admissible as “ ‘tools of the trade’ — that is, means for the distribution of illegal drugs”) (citing United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976)); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 761 (2d Cir.1984) (expert testimony was permissible “to explain physical evidence [of heroin manufacturing paraphernalia] that was in the case”), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1084 , 105 S.Ct. 1842 , 85 L.Ed.2…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee/cross-Appellant v. Deshawn Lee Robinson A/K/A Leland Kirk, Defendant-Appellant/cross-Appellee. United States of America v. Jeffrey Meekes A/K/A Orris Weathington, United States of America v. Keith Jackson A/K/A Kevin McElhannon
See also United States v. Martinez, 938 F.2d 1078, 1083 (10th Cir.1991) (testimony regarding possession of guns and scales is admissible as " 'tools of the trade'--that is, means for the distribution of illegal drugs") (citing United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976)); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 761 (2d Cir.1984) (expert testimony was permissible "to explain physical evidence [of heroin manufacturing paraphernalia] that was in the case"), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1084 , 105 S.Ct. 1842 , 85 L.Ed.2d 142 (1985). 3…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Groves
(2×)
See, also, United States v. LaGuardia, 774 F.2d 317 (8th Cir.1985). "`Experience on the trial and appellate benches has taught that substantial dealers in narcotics keep firearms on their premises as tools of the trade almost to the same extent as they keep scales, glassine bags, cutting equipment and other narcotics equipment.'" Milham, supra at 721 (quoting United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15 (2d Cir.1976), cert. denied 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 ).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Jesus Martinez
See, e.g., United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Grand Jury Proceedings. Appeal of Hilton Fernandez Diamante. In Re Grand Jury Proceedings. Appeal of Elias Samuel Castro Ramos
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 569 (10th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976); In re Langswanger, 392 F.Supp. 783, 788 (N.D.Ill.1975); In re Russo, 53 F.R.D. 564, 570 (C.D.Cal.1971).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Triplett
See also U.S. v. Entringer, 401 F.Supp. 773, 774 (E.D.Mo.1975), affirmed 532 F.2d 634 (8th Cir.1976), cert. denied 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Kilpatrick
The government suprisingly defends the proven mishmash of functions of the IRS Special Agent/Grand Jury Agents/Assistants to the Attorney for the Government appointed under Rule 6(e), but maybe it thinks that admitting that this was error would confess the motion to dismiss. 575 F.Supp. at 331, 332 (1983); see also United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 569 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976); Application of Eisenberg, 654 F.2d 1107 , 1113 n. 9 (5th Cir.1981); In re Russo, 53 F.R.D. 564, 570 (C.D.Ca.1971); In Re Disclosure of Evidence, 184 F.Supp. 38,…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. James A. Irwin, Jr.
See United States v. Fitzgibbon, 619 F.2d 874, 879 (10th Cir.); see also United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 571 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 ; Gonzales v. United States, 286 F.2d 118, 120-21 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 365 U.S. 878 , 81 S.Ct. 1028 , 6 L.Ed.2d 190 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Penix
See United States v. Pelton, 578 F.2d 701 (Eighth Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 964 , 99 S.Ct. 451 , 58 L.Ed.2d 422 (1978); United States v. Percevault, 490 F.2d 126 (Second Cir. 1974); United States v. Tager, 481 F.2d 97 (Tenth Cir. 1973), cert. denied, 415 U.S. 914 , 94 S.Ct. 1410 , 39 L.Ed.2d 469 (1974); United States v. Quintana, 457 F.2d 874 (Tenth Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 877 , 93 S.Ct. 128 , 34 L.Ed.2d 130 (1972); United States v. Harflinger, 436 F.2d 928 (Eighth Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 402 U.S. 973 , 91 S.Ct. 1660 , 29 L.Ed.2d 137 (1971); see also United States v. Rade…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Kosovsky
See United States v. Pelton, 578 F.2d 701 (8th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 964 , 99 S.Ct. 451 , 58 L.Ed.2d 422 (1978); United States v. Percevault, 490 F.2d 126 (2nd Cir. 1974); United States v. Tager, supra; United States v. Quintana, 457 F.2d 874 (10th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 877 , 93 S.Ct. 128 , 34 L.Ed.2d 130 (1972); United States v. Harflinger, 436 F.2d 928 (8th Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 402 U.S. 973 , 91 S.Ct. 1660 , 29 L.Ed.2d 137 (1971); see also United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556 (10th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hercules Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency
Compare In re District of Columbia Workmen’s Compensation Act, 180 U.S.App.D.C. 216, 219-222 , 554 F.2d 1075, 1078-81 , cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976) with De Rodulfa v. United States, 149 U.S.App.D.C. 154 , 161, 164-167, 461 F.2d 1240, 1247, 1250-53, cert. denied, 409 U.S. 949 , 93 S.Ct. 270 , 34 L.Ed.2d 220 (1972).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hercules Incorporated v. Environmental Protection Agency, Velsicol Chemical Corporation v. Douglas M. Costle, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency
Compare In re District of Columbia Workmen's Compensation Act, 180 U.S.App.D.C. 216, 219-222 , 554 F.2d 1075, 1078-81 , Cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976) With De Rodulfa v. United States, 149 U.S.App.D.C. 154 , 161, 164-167, 461 F.2d 1240 , 1247, 1250-53, Cert. denied, 409 U.S. 949 , 93 S.Ct. 270 , 34 L.Ed.2d 220 (1972). 17 Congress passed the 1972 Act in an effort to deal with the regulatory problems that had hindered efforts to control water pollution.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Charles A. Schafer
See also United States v. Horton, 5 Cir. 1976, 526 F.2d 884, 886 , cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 67 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Steven Ira Solow
See, e. g., United States v. Harper, 530 F.2d 828 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976); United States v. Smaldone, 484 F.2d 311 (10th Cir. 1973), cert. denied, 415 U.S. 915 , 94 S.Ct. 1411 , 39 L.Ed.2d 469 (1974).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Cecil Robinson
See also United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15 (2d Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976) (loaded gun found with narcotics in burlap bag in apartment of defendant charged with narcotics law violations admitted “as tools of the trade”); United States v. Campanile, 516 F.2d 288 (2d Cir. 1975) (admission of Luger handgun seized upon search upheld); United States v. Walters, 477 F.2d 386, 388-89 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 1007 , 94 S.Ct. 368 , 38 L.Ed.2d 245 (1973); United States v. McKinley, 158 U.S.App.D.C. 280 , 485 F.2d 1059 (1973); Walker v. Uni…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Grand Jury Witness. Robert Molina v. United States
See also United States v. Radetsky, 535 F.2d 556, 568-69 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 68 , 50 L.Ed.2d 81 (1976); Coson v. United States, 533 F.2d 1119, 1120 (9th Cir. 1976); United States v. Sourapas, 515 F.2d 295, 299 (9th Cir. 1975).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Parness et ux.
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 75-1559.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 4, 1976.
Cited by 1 opinion | Published
Citer courts: District of Columbia (1) · D. South Carolina (1)
C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.