Pena v. O'Connell, 450 U.S. 912 (1981). · Go Syfert
Pena v. O'Connell, 450 U.S. 912 (1981). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
351 citation events (21 in the last 25 years) across 70 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Taylor (innd, 2004-07-02) · Strongest negative: Superior Oil Co. v. Fulmer (ca8, 1986-03-05)
Treatment trajectory · 1981 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1981 2003 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
discussed Cited "but see" Superior Oil Co. v. Fulmer
8th Cir. · 1986 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358, 1367 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981) ("use of the ‘enterprise’ element to provide a relationship between the two predicate crimes aids to contain the prohibitions of RICO rather than to expand them to cover purely sporadic criminal activity”). 5.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Taylor
N.D. Ind. · 2004 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
if book was not used to prove the truth of the matter asserted, then it was not hearsay ... if statement contained in the book was not hearsay, then there was no denial of defendants' right to confront the witnesses against them
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Falmouth National Bank v. Equifax Services, Inc.
D. Mass. · 1993 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
he term 'enterprise' must signify an association that is substantially different from the acts which form the 'pattern of racketeering activity.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Marion Pecina, United States of America v. Gregory Pecina
8th Cir. · 1992 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
separate trials ... are not necessary simply because the evidence may be more damaging against one of the defendants.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) In Re the Exxon Valdez (2×)
D. Alaska · 1991 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
an oil spill on the navigable waters is a breach of federal maritime law.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Diaz v. San Jose Unified School District
N.D. Cal. · 1986 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
in the first instance, ... the court must give the local school officials an opportunity to devise changes sufficient to bring the schools' operations within the constitutional standards.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) ca8 1986
8th Cir. · 1986 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
use of the 'enterprise' element to provide a relationship between the two predicate crimes aids to contain the prohibitions of rico rather than to expand them to cover purely sporadic criminal activity
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Saine v. A.I.A., Inc.
D. Colo. · 1984 · signal: accord · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
discrete economic association existing separately from the racketeering acitivity.
discussed Cited "see" James Pickens v. Carol Howes
6th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 601 F.2d 39 (1st Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 (1981); Lairsey v. Advance Abrasives Co., 542 F.2d 928 (5th Cir. 1976); Textile Banking v. Rentschler, 657 F.2d 844 (7th Cir. 1981); Pioneer Ins.
discussed Cited "see" Pickens v. Howes (2×)
6th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 601 F.2d 39 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); Lairsey v. Advance Abrasives Co., 542 F.2d 928 (5th Cir.1976); Textile Banking v. Rentschler, 657 F.2d 844 (7th Cir.1981); Pioneer Ins.
discussed Cited "see" Adams v. Unione Mediterranea Di Sicurta (2×)
E.D. La. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. the SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 667-70 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); American & Foreign Ins.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mitchell
6th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally United States v. Turner, 490 F.Supp. 583, 593 (E.D.Mich.1979), aff'd, 633 F.2d 219 (6th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981) (describing Fed.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Hyundai Merchant Marine Co., Ltd. Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association, Ltd. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. SS ZOE COLOCOTRONI, 456 F.Supp. 1327, 1347 (D.P.R.1978), aff'd in part, vacated in part on other grounds, 628 F.2d 652 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); Union Petroleum Corp. v. United States, 228 Ct.Cl. 54 , 651 F.2d 734, 744 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Mailman's Steam Carpet Cleaning Corp. v. Lizotte
Mass. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 657 (1st Cir. 1980), cert, denied, 450 U.S. 912 (1981) (cost of restoring area affected by an oil spill).
discussed Cited "see" U.S. v. Casel
5th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Enstam, 622 F.2d 857, 869 (5th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 (1981) (it is acceptable to draw reasonable inferences from the evidence when arguing to the jury; provided prosecutor does only this, she is not injecting "personal opinions" into her argument); Bright, 630 F.2d at 824 (a prosecutor may respond to character assassination visited upon the government's witnesses, and may point to the lack of any reason to think a witness is lying; "[t]he prosecutor is not obliged to sit quietly while character assaults are made on his witnesses; he is entitled to argue fa…
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Robert Lynn Casel, A/K/A \Polo\"
5th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Enstam, 622 F.2d 857, 869 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981) (it is acceptable to draw, reasonable inferences from the evidence when arguing to the jury; provided prosecutor does only this, she is not injecting “personal opinions” into her argument); Bright, 630 F.2d at 824 (a prosecutor may respond to character assassination visited upon the government’s witnesses, and may point to the lack of any reason to think a witness is lying; “[t]he prosecutor is not obliged to sit quietly while character assaults are made on…
cited Cited "see" Dennis J. Solomon v. Cheryl Labbe
1st Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 601 F.2d 39, 42 (1st Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 (1981) (outlining request for remand procedure).
discussed Cited "see" Ayuda, Inc. v. Richard Thornburgh, Individually and as Attorney General of the United States (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Amusement & Music Operators Ass'n v. Copyright Royalty Tribunal, 636 F.2d 531 (D.C.Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1352 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" cadc 1989 (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 673-74 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Ohio v. United States Department of Interior (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 673-74 (1st Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Bill Gates v. United States
8th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358, 1370 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Coleman v. Fiore Bros., Inc.
N.J. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Mendoza v. United States, 623 F.2d 1338, 1352-53 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981) (ordinarily discouraging simultaneous negotiations in class actions unless Justice Department participated).
cited Cited "see" Puerto Rico Maritime Shipping Authority and Sea-Land Service, Inc. v. Valley Freight Systems, Inc.
3rd Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burnham Van Serv., Inc. v. United States, 624 F.2d 41, 43-44 (5th Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1352 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); 46 U.S.C. app. § 844 (Supp.
discussed Cited "see" Armada Supply Incorporated v. Wright (2×)
2d Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 667-70 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); American & Foreign Ins.
discussed Cited "see" Armada Supply Inc. v. Wright (2×)
2d Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 667-70 (1st Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); American & Foreign Ins.
cited Cited "see" Ball v. Farm & Home Savings Ass'n
Tex. App. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Mendoza v. United States, 623 F.2d 1338, 1344 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Trinity Church in the City v. John Hancock Mut. L. Ins. (2×)
Mass. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 675 (1st Cir. *50 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 (1981) (cost of restoring area affected by an oil spill); Maloof v. United States, 242 F. Supp. 175, 183 (D.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Alec Brown, Jr.
4th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); United States v. Jackson, 508 F.2d 1001 (7th Cir.1975); see also Cook v. United States, 379 F.2d 966 (5th Cir.1967).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Rogers
D. Colo. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358, 1369 (8th Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Richard Edward Andrews
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Enstam, 622 F.2d 857, 868 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 , 451 U.S. 907 , 101 S.Ct. 1974 , 68 L.Ed.2d 294 (1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Milton H. Girard
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Enstam, 622 F.2d 857, 867 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); United States v. Fontenot, 483 F.2d 315, 322 (5th Cir.1973).
discussed Cited "see" Jeff v. Evans
9th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Mendoza v. United States, 623 F.2d 1338, 1353 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981). 6 Defendants rely upon the general principle that parties, and their lawyers, are bound by their stipulations.
cited Cited "see" Jeff D. v. Evans
9th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Mendoza v. United States, 623 F.2d 1338, 1353 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Neil Simmons, Nelson Valladares, Leroy Williams
11th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Enstam, 622 F.2d 857, 867 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Papafagos v. Fiat Auto, S.P.A. (2×)
D.N.H. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See *695 Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 657 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Williams
N.D. Ill. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally United States v. Turner, 490 F.Supp. 583, 609 (E.D.Mich.1979), aff’d mem., 633 F.2d 219 (6th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Iowa Citizen/Labor Energy Coalition, Inc. v. Iowa State Commerce Commission (2×)
Iowa · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See National Pork Producers Council v. Bergland, 631 F.2d 1353,1359 (8th Cir.1980), cert, denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 335 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Morgan v. State
Alaska Ct. App. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
Sands, Statutes and Statutory Construction § 46.05, at 56 (4th ed. 1973); see United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358, 1370 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. G. Cecil Hartley, Travis Dell and Treasure Isle, Inc.
11th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358 , 1364 n.8 (8th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981) (citing Atkinson, “Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations,” 18 U.S.C. § 1961-68 : Broadest of the Federal Criminal Statutes, 69 J.Crim.L. & Criminology 1, 3 n.21 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Seese v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G. (2×)
3rd Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 601 F.2d 39 , 41 n.2 (1st Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981). .
discussed Cited "see" Sesee v. Volkswagenwerk (2×)
3rd Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 601 F.2d 39 , 41 n.2 (1st Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981) 2 We note that in the instant case defendants do not claim an intervening state court decision.
cited Cited "see" ca2 1982
2d Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
Saylor v. Bastedo, 623 F.2d 230 , 239 n.11 (2d Cir. 1980); see Mendoza v. United States, 623 F.2d 1338, 1348 (9th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Plummer v. Chemical Bank
2d Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
Saylor v. Bastedo, 623 F.2d 230 , 239 n.11 (2d Cir. 1980); see Mendoza v. United States, 623 F.2d 1338, 1348 (9th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Marquez v. Baker-Chavez
D.N.M. · 2025 · signal: see also · confidence low
The enterprise “is an entity separate and apart from the pattern of [racketeering] activity in which it engages,” ibid; see also United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358, 1365 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981), although the proof of these separate elements “may in particular cases coalesce.” Turkette, 452 U.S. at 583 , 101 S.Ct. at 2529 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Continental Grain Company v. Puerto Rico Maritime Shipping Authority (2×)
1st Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See id.; see also Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 456 F.Supp. 1327 , 1335 n. 20 (D.P.R.1978) (“The Pennsylvania Rule, although originally developed in connection with collision law, is applicable to strand-ings.”), aff 'd in relevant part, 628 F.2d 652 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Salim Aoude v. Mobil Oil Corporation (2×)
1st Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See HMG Property, 847 F.2d at 918 n. 14 (explicating status of Hovey principle); see also Hammond Packing Co. v. Arkansas, 212 U.S. 322, 349-54, 29 S.Ct. 370, 379-81 , 53 L.Ed. 530 (1909) (limiting Hovey)', Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 666 (1st Cir.1980) (upholding qualitatively similar ruling which "bore a direct and reasonable relation to the prejudice defendant’s irresponsible conduct had already created”), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981). 4 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hmg Property Investors, Inc. v. Parque Industrial Rio Canas, Inc. (2×)
1st Cir. · 1988 · signal: see also · confidence low
See Spiller, at 537-38 ("lack of a hearing does not offend due process where the [party] had ample warn *919 ing of the consequences of his failure to comply with court orders’’); see also Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 628 F.2d 652, 665-66 (1st Cir.1980) (upholding sanction striking pleadings and precluding merits adjudication of defenses where respondents "inexcusably recalcitrant” and plaintiffs suffered prejudice), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); Marquis Theatre Corp. v. Condado Mini Cinema, 846 F.2d 86, 88-90 (1st Cir.1988) (…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." ca8 1987
8th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
The enterprise "is an entity separate and apart from the pattern of [racketeering] activity in which it engages," ibid; see also United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358, 1365 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981), although the proof of these separate elements "may in particular cases coalesce." Turkette, 452 U.S. at 583 , 101 S.Ct. at 2529 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Kragness
8th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
The enterprise “is an entity separate and apart from the pattern of [racketeering] activity in which it engages,” ibid; see also United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358, 1365 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1351 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981), although the proof of these separate elements “may in particular cases coalesce.” Turkette, 452 U.S. at 583 , 101 S.Ct. at 2529 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Venen v. Sweet (2×)
3rd Cir. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Comm, of Puerto Rico v. SS Zoe Colocotroni, 601 F.2d 39 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1350 , 67 L.Ed.2d 336 (1981); Pioneer Ins.

C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.