Rush v. United States, 470 U.S. 1004 (1985). · Go Syfert
Rush v. United States, 470 U.S. 1004 (1985). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
180 citation events (22 in the last 25 years) across 61 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Edgar Reyes-Colón v. Banco Popular de Puerto Rico, et al. (prd, 2026-06-16) · Strongest negative: Vernon Trujillo v. Ronald Goodman (ca10, 1987-08-07)
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 44 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "but see" Vernon Trujillo v. Ronald Goodman
10th Cir. · 1987 · signal: but cf. · confidence high
Wright, A. Miller, & F. Elliott, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2537 (1971 and Supp. 1986); but cf. Kinzenbaw v. Deere & Co., 741 F.2d 383 (Fed.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985); Martinez Moll v. Levitt & Sons, 583 F.2d 565 (1st Cir.1978); DeMarines v. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, 580 F.2d 1193 (3d Cir.1978).
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Edgar Reyes-Colón v. Banco Popular de Puerto Rico, et al.
D.P.R. · 2026 · signal: accord · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
courts which have considered the question of when an appeal ends and the clock begins to run again for speedy trial purposes have generally held that the applicable date is the date on which the appellate court issues its mandate.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Brooktree Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
S.D. Cal. · 1990 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
if a party fails to specify an issue in its motion for a directed verdict, it may not subsequently challenge the jury's verdict on that issue_
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Florence L. Barbetta, and James D. Barbetta v. S/s Bermuda Star, in Rem, Her Engines, Tackle, and MacHinery Etc.
5th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
46 u.s.c. 183c expressly invalidates any contract provision purporting to limit a ship's liability for negligence to its passengers.
cited Cited "see" Jacobs v. Osmose, Inc.
S.D. Fla. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kornberg v. Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc., 741 F.2d 1332, 1337 (11th Cir.1984), cert. 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Barnes
1st Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 507 (1st Cir.1984) (“[I]t is not necessary for the court to articulate the basic facts when they are obvious and set forth in a motion for a continuance.”), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Barnes
1st Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 507 (1st Cir. 1984) ("[I]t is not necessary for the court to articulate the basic facts when they are obvious and set forth in a motion for a continuance."), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Geraldo Rodriguez, A/K/A Jose Rodriguez
1st Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 502 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); see also United States v. Montoya, 827 F.2d 143, 151 (7th Cir.1987); United States v. Velasquez, 802 F.2d 104, 105 (4th Cir.1986); United States v. Novak, 715 F.2d 810, 813 (3d Cir.1983), ce rt. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1293 , 79 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Hickey v. Wellesley
1st Cir. · 1995 · signal: accord · confidence high
"The effect of the mandate is to bring the proceedings in a case on appeal in our Court to a close and to remove it from the jurisdiction of this Court, returning it to the forum whence it came." Ostrer v. United ______ ______ States, 584 F.2d 594, 598 (2d Cir. 1978); accord United ______ ______ ______ States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir. 1984) ("it is the ______ ____ date on which the mandate is issued which determines when the district court reacquires jurisdiction for further proceedings"), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" Hickey v. Wellesley
1st Cir. · 1995 · signal: accord · confidence high
"The effect of the mandate is to bring the proceedings in a case on appeal in our Court to a close and to remove it from the jurisdiction of this Court, returning it to the forum whence it came." Ostrer v. United States, 584 F.2d 594, 598 (2d Cir. 1978); accord United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir. 1984) ("it is the date on which the mandate is issued which determines when the district court reacquires jurisdiction for further proceedings"), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Campbell v. Fasco Industries, Inc.
N.D. Ill. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Monroe v. United Air Lines, Inc., 736 F.2d 394, 403 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" In the Matter of a John Doe Grand Jury Investigation
Mass. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See id. " In summary, we hold that, since the subpoena was directed to the corporation, the corporation, which has no privilege against self-incrimination, can comply without implicating any individual's art. 12 protections.
cited Cited "see" Bennett v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Monroe v. United Air Lines, Inc., 736 F.2d 394, 409 (7th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Wang Laboratories, Inc. v. Toshiba Corp.
E.D. Va. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kinzenbaw v. Deere & Co., 741 F.2d 383 (Fed.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" In re Air Crash Disaster at Detroit Metropolitan Airport on August 16, 1987
E.D. Mich. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Barth, 591 F.Supp. 91, 97 (D.Conn.), aff'd in part, rev’d in part on other grounds, 745 F.2d 184 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mobile Materials, Inc. And Gerald O. Philpot (2×)
10th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 504 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); United States v. McGrath, 613 F.2d 361, 366 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 967 , 100 S.Ct. 2946 , 64 L.Ed.2d 827 (1980); United States v. Novak, 715 F.2d 810, 815 (3d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1293 , 79 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984); United States v. Holyfield, 802 F.2d 846, 848 (6th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1090 , 107 S.Ct. 1298 , 94 L.Ed.2d 154 (1987); United States v. Fogarty, 692 F.2d 542, 546 (8th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 460 U.S.…
discussed Cited "see" E.I. DuPont De Nemours & Co. v. Phillips Petroleum Co.
D. Del. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Monroe v. United Air Lines, Inc., 736 F.2d 394, 408 (7th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); Glick v. White Motor Co., 458 F.2d 1287, 1291 (3d Cir.1972); New Amsterdam Cas.
cited Cited "see" Drury v. Feeney
La. Ct. App. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Louisiana State Bar Association v. Drury, 455 So.2d 1387 (La.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1358 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Biller v. Lopes
D. Conn. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Barth, 745 F.2d 184, 187 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum, 657 F.2d at 8 .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Felton
3rd Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); United States v. Ross, 654 F.2d 612, 616 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1290 , 71 L.Ed.2d 470 (1982); United States v. Russo, 550 F.Supp. 1315, 1319 (D.N.J.1982), aff'd, 722 F.2d 736 (3d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1045 , 104 S.Ct. 716 , 79 L.Ed.2d 179 (1984). 40 In the case at hand, the question is whether the exclusion extends to any of the time that elapsed between the date this court originally issued its mandate and when we later …
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Felton
3rd Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); United States v. Ross, 654 F.2d 612, 616 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1290 , 71 L.Ed.2d 470 (1982); United States v. Russo, 550 F.Supp. 1315, 1319 (D.N.J.1982), aff'd, 722 F.2d 736 (3d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1045 , 104 S.Ct. 716 , 79 L.Ed.2d 179 (1984).
cited Cited "see" Moll v. U.S. Life Title Insurance Co. of New York
S.D.N.Y. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Barth, 745 F.2d 184, 189 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Medine v. Washington Mutual, FA
S.D. Fla. · 1998 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Kornberg v. Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc., 741 F.2d 1332, 1336 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985) (focusing on “nexus” between the class representative’s claims or defenses and the common questions of law and fact among the class such that “the claims or defenses of the class and the class representative, arise from the same event or pattern or practice and are based on the same legal theory.”).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Staton
4th Cir. · 1996 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 (1985) (issuance), with United States v. Ferris , 751 F.2d 436, 438-39 (1st Cir. 1984) (receipt).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Chorya A. Staton
4th Cir. · 1996 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 (1985) (issuance), with United States v. Ferris, 751 F.2d 436, 438-39 (1st Cir.1984) (receipt). 53 We believe the decisions of the Eighth and Eleventh Circuits are more persuasive.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Dudley v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
M.D. Ala. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
Moreover, race must be “a determinative factor in the employer’s decision, though it need not have been the solé factor.” Rollins v. TechSouth, Inc., 833 F.2d 1525 , *786 1528 (11th Cir.1987); see also Monroe v. United Air Lines, Inc., 736 F.2d 394, 402 (7th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 1357, 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985) (circuit approval for “a determining factor” jury instruction); Cuddy v. Carmen, 694 F.2d 853, 857-58 (D.C.Cir.1982), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1034 , 106 S.Ct. 597 , 88 L.Ed.2d 576 (1985) (The plaintiff must “show by a preponderance of the evid…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Bruce Derek Spring AKA Bruce Derek Walls
10th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
The First and Third Circuits have stated that open-ended continuances to serve the ends of justice are not prohibited, provided “they are reasonable in length.” United States v. Lattany, 982 F.2d 866, 868 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 114 S.Ct. 97 , 126 L.Ed.2d 64 (1993); see also United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 508 (1st Cir.1984) (observing that “it is inevitable that in some cases, like the present one, a court is forced to order an (h)(8) continuance without knowing exactly how long the reasons supporting the continuance will remain valid”), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 100…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Brook v. City of Montgomery, Ala.
M.D. Ala. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
To prove discrimination after the McDonnell Douglas framework drops out, a plaintiff can show (by either presentation of evidence or cross-examination of defendant’s witnesses) that the employer’s proffered reason was a pretext for discrimination, “[b]ut a reason cannot be proved to be ‘a pretext for discrimination’ unless it is shown both that the reason was false, and that discrimination was the real reason.” Id. at 515 , 113 S.Ct. at 2752 . 13 Moreover, age must be “a determinative factor in the employer’s decision, though it need not have been the sole factor.” Rollins v.…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Douglas v. Evans
M.D. Ala. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
Age must be “a determinative factor in the employer’s decision, though it need not have been the sole factor.” Rollins v. TechSouth, Inc., 833 F.2d 1525, 1528 (11th Cir.1987); see also Monroe v. United Air Lines, Inc., 736 F.2d 394, 402 (7th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 1357, 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985) (circuit approval for “a determining factor” jury instruction); Cuddy v. Carmen, 694 F.2d 853, 857-58 (D.C.Cir.1982) (Plaintiff must “show by a preponderance of the evidence that age was ‘a determining factor’ in the employer’s decision” or that age �…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Lamb v. Runyon
M.D. Ala. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
Moreover, age must be “a determinative factor in the employer’s decision, though it need not have been the sole factor.” Rollins v. TechSouth, Inc., 833 F.2d 1525, 1528 (11th Cir.1987); see also Monroe v. United Air Lines, Inc., 736 F.2d 394, 402 (7th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 1357, 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985) (circuit approval for “a determining factor” jury instruction); Cuddy v. Carmen, 694 F.2d 853, 857-58 (D.C.Cir.1982), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1034 , 106 S.Ct. 597 , 88 L.Ed.2d 576 (1985) (Plaintiff must “show by a preponderance of the evidence that ag…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. 21 Approximately 180 Kg. Bulk Metal Drums
D. Me. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Articles of Drug, 745 F.2d 105 , 119 n. 22 (1st Cir.1984) (a difference of opinion among experts does not present a genuine issue of material fact on the question of “general recognition”), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1358 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. 21 Approximately 180 Kg. Bulk Metal Drums
D. Me. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Articles of Drug, 745 F.2d 105 , 119 n. 22 (1st Cir.1984) (a difference of opinion among experts does not present a genuine issue of material fact on the question of "general recognition"), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1358 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Fred J. Greene
6th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
Middleton, 690 F.2d at 825 ; United States v. Hudson, 431 F.2d 468 , 469 (5th Cir.1970), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 1011 , 91 S.Ct. 575 , 577, 27 L.Ed.2d 624 (1971) (stating “the use of drugs as part of religious practice is not constitutionally privileged”); see also United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 513 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985) (quoting Leary v. United States, 383 F.2d 851, 861 (5th Cir.1967), rev’d on other grounds, 395 U.S. 6 , 89 S.Ct. 1532 , 23 L.Ed.2d 57 (1969), and noting the narrow administrative exception of peyote from…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. 225 Cartons, More Or Less, Of An Article Or Drug
unknown court · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Articles of Drug ... 5,906 Boxes, 745 F.2d 105, 117-18 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1358 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985) ("substantial evidence" standard not met where no showing of bioequivalency between drug in question and drug with studies on which manufacturer sought to rely). 38 The Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Generix Drug Corp., 460 U.S. 453, 454-55 , 103 S.Ct. 1298, 1299-1300 , 75 L.Ed.2d 198 (1983), defeats Sandoz's argument that it need not show the bioequivalence of the new and old FWC formulas before relying on studies c…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. 225 Cartons, More or Less, of an Article or Drug
unknown court · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Articles of Drug ... 5,906 Boxes, 745 F.2d 105, 117-18 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1358 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985) (“substantial evidence” standard not met where no showing of bioequivalency between drug in question and drug with studies on which manufacturer sought to rely).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Smith v. MCI Telecommunications Corp.
D. Kan. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
The typicality standard does not require that Smith, as the named plaintiff, “be in a position identical to that of every member of the putative class.” Aguinaga, 602 F.Supp. at 1279 (citing Rich v. Martin Marietta Corp., 522 F.2d 333, 340 (10th Cir.1975)); see also Kornberg v. Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc., 741 F.2d 1332, 1337 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Hill
cma · 1988 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 514 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); United States v. Taylor, 683 F.2d 18, 21 (1st Cir.) cert. denied, 459 U.S. 945 , 103 S.Ct. 261 , 74 L.Ed.2d 203 (1982); United States v. Wright, 593 F.2d 105, 107-08 (9th Cir.1979).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Hallsims Industrial Components
E.D. Pa. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Barth, 745 F.2d 184,189 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1356 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985); In re Grand Jury Subpoenaes Duces Tecum, 722 F.2d 981, 986 (2d Cir.1983).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Ronald Albert Lasteed
11th Cir. · 1987 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 2370 , 86 L.Ed.2d 269 (1985) (issuance) and United States v. Ross, 654 F.2d 612, 616 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1290 , 71 L.Ed.2d 470 (1982) (issuance) with United States v. Ferris, 751 F.2d 436, 438-39 (1st Cir.1984) (receipt) and United States v. Crooks, 804 F.2d 1441, 1445 (9th Cir.1986) (receipt).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Richard R. Vieau and Robert A. Vieau v. Japax, Inc., Japax Scientific Corporation, and Textron, Inc., Defendants/cross (2×)
Fed. Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Kinzenbaw v. Deere & Co., 741 F.2d 383 , 222 USPQ 929 (Fed.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985) (where court vacated a district court’s finding of invalidity following a settlement agreement on liability because injunctive relief was no longer possible since the subject patent had expired).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Joseph Shea Peeples
5th Cir. · 1987 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497, 509 (1st Cir.1984) (appellants concede that waiver has effect), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1355 , 84 L.Ed.2d 378 (1985) with Pringle, 751 F.2d at 433 (appellants do not concede effectiveness of waiver). 2 .
cited Cited "see, e.g." Orthokinetics, Inc. v. Safety Travel Chairs, Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1986 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Kinzenbaw v. Deere & Co., 741 F.2d 383, 387 , 222 USPQ 929, 931 (Fed.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Orthokinetics, Inc. v. Safety Travel Chairs, Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1986 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Kinzenbaw v. Deere & Co., 741 F.2d 383, 387 , 222 USPQ 929, 931 (Fed.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1357 , 84 L.Ed.2d 379 (1985). 106 Faced with its failure to have moved for directed verdict on willful infringement, Safety argues that its motion for directed verdict on infringement encompasses willfulness.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Groff v. Maryland
D. Maryland · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Hutcherson v. Board of Supervisors, 742 F.2d 142, 145 (4th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 470 U.S. 1004 , 105 S.Ct. 1358 , 84 L.Ed.2d 380 (1985); Strescon Industries, Inc. v. Cohen, 664 F.2d 929, 931-32 (4th Cir.1981).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Rush
v.
United States
No. 84-685.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Feb 25, 1985.
470 U.S. 1004

C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.