green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 5×
12.1 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1992 ·
…district court has little or no discretion to abstain in a case that does not meet traditional abstention requirements.
⚠ not in text
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1998 ·
…interpreting 'commencement of infringement' as the time when the first act of infringement in a series of ongoing discrete infringements occurs ... would best promote the early registration of a copyright. it would strongly encourage prompt registration.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Johnson v. Jones
interpreting 'commencement of infringement' as the time when the first act of infringement in a series of ongoing discrete infringements occurs ... would best promote the early registration of a copyright. it would strongly encourage prompt registration.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Johnson v. Jones
interpreting 'commencement of infringement' as the time when the first act of infringement in a series of ongoing discrete infringements occurs ... would best promote the early registration of a copyright. it would strongly encourage prompt registration.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Port Authority Police Benevolent Association, Inc. v. Port Authority Of New York And New Jersey Police Department
district court has little or no discretion to abstain in a case that does not meet traditional abstention requirements.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Port Authority Police Benevolent Ass'n v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Police Department
district court has little or no discretion to abstain in a case that does not meet traditional abstention requirements.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Runstadler Studios, Inc. v. MCM Ltd. Partnership
where there are various means of achieving the desired purpose, then the particular means chosen is not necessary to the purpose; hence, there is expression, not idea.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Toaz
See In re Grand Jury Proceedings, 797 F.2d 1377, 1382 (6th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Ramos v. Philip Morris Companies, Inc.
See City of Miami v. Harris, 490 So.2d 69, 72 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987). [8] This is not a common-fund case in which "the defendant pays a specified sum for the benefit of class members.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Bissell
Accordingly, under the 1984 Act, a defendant has the burden of establishing (1) that the defendant is not likely to flee or pose a danger to the safety of any other person or the community if released; (2) that the appeal is not for the purpose of delay; (3) that the appeal raises a substantial question of law or fact; and (4) that if that substantial question is determined favorably to defendant on appeal, that- decision is likely to result in reversal or an order for a new trial of all counts on which imprisonment has been imposed. *907 United States v. Messerlian, 793 F.2d 94, 95-96 (3d Cir…
discussed
Cited "see"
Del Monte Dunes at Monterey, Ltd. v. City of Monterey, Del Monte Dunes at Monterey, Ltd., and Monterey-Del Monte Dunes Corporation v. City of Monterey
See id. (distinguishing Syufy Enter. v. American Multicinema, 793 F.2d 990, 1001-02 (9th Cir.1986) (Syufy Enterprises) (general verdict usually upheld only if substantial evidence supports each and every theory of liability submitted to the jury), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987)).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. House
(2×)
See United States v. Smith, 793 F.2d 85, 88-90 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 832 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Stokus v. Phillips
See City of Miami v. Harris, 490 So.2d 69, 73 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
CMM Cable Rep., Inc. v. Keymarket Communications, Inc.
See Whelan Associates, Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inp., 797 F.2d 1222, 1231 (3rd Cir.1986), cert. denied, Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc. v. Whelan Asso ciates, Inc., 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Cognotec Services Ltd. v. Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.
See Whelan Assocs., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Lab., Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 , 1229 (3d Cir.1986), ce rt. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987). 3 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Bertoli
United States v. Messerlian, 793 F.2d 94, 95-96 (3d Cir.1986) (emphasis added); see United States v. Smith, 793 F.2d 85, 87 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 832 (1987). i. The Risk of Flight The factors to be considered in assessing the risk of flight include: (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense, (2) the defendant’s family ties, (3) the defendant’s employment status, (4) the defendant’s financial resources, (5) the defendant’s character and mental condition, (6) the length of defendant’s residence in the community, (7) any prior crim…
discussed
Cited "see"
Segal v. Paramount Pictures
(2×)
See Whelan Assocs. v. Jaslow Dental Lab., 797 F.2d 1222 , 1231 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Apex Municipal Fund v. N-Group Securities
See United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 938 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987); (Under Seal), 748 F.2d at 874 n. 5; United States v. Moscony, 927 F.2d 742, 751 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 2812 , 115 L.Ed.2d 984 (1991).
cited
Cited "see"
Trandes Corporation v. Guy F. Atkinson Company, and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
See Whelan Assocs., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Lab., Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 , 1230 (3d Cir.1986) (describing source code), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Financial Control Associates, Inc. v. Equity Builders, Inc.
See generally Whelan Associates, Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 797 F.2d 1222, 1242-43 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987). 5.
cited
Cited "see"
Owensboro National Bank v. Moore
See United Services Auto Ass’n v. Muir, 792 F.2d 356 (3rd Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 875 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Hung Tang v. Ho Yong Hwang
See Whelan Associates v. Jaslow Dental Laboratories, 797 F.2d 1222 , 1231-32 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987); Major League Baseball Promotion v. Colour-Tex, 729 F.Supp. 1035, 1039 (D.N.J.1990) (citing Whelan).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sunbelt Television, Inc. v. Jones Intercable, Inc.
See Syufy Enterprises v. American Multicinema, Inc., 793 F.2d 990, 993 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987); Transamerica Computer Co. v. IBM Corp., 698 F.2d 1377, 1382 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 955 , 104 S.Ct. 370 , 78 L.Ed.2d 329 (1983).
cited
Cited "see"
Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc.
See Whelan Assoc., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 797 F.2d 1222, 1234 (3rd Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987). 5 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Elmer S. Edwards
See United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 936 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 (1987). 32 More importantly, there is no evidence that leniency toward Starkey was contingent upon the success of the prosecution of Edwards.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Doris Jean Admon, A/K/A Tina Nunn, Tina Caldwell
See United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 936 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
George L. Kregos, D/B/A American Sports Wire v. The Associated Press and Sports Features Syndicate, Inc.
(2×)
See generally Whelan Associates, Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 797 F.2d 1222, 1242-43 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987). 29 The regulations of the Copyright Office are careful to preclude copyright registration to: 30 Blank forms, such as ... account books, diaries, bank checks, scorecards, address books, report forms, order forms and the like, which are designed for recording information and do not in themselves convey information; 31 37 C.F.R.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Clayton Hoelscher, United States of America v. Mickie James Meriwether, United States of America v. Joseph Haag, United States of America v. Steven Carl McGirt United States of America v. Michael Moit, United States of America v. Alfred Giuffrida
See United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 936 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987); United States v. Krevsky, 741 F.2d 1090, 1094 (8th Cir.1984). 28 B.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Hoelscher
See United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 936 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987); United States v. Krevsky, 741 F.2d 1090, 1094 (8th Cir.1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Ayers v. The Philadelphia Housing Authority
In Railroad Comm'n v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 , 61 S.Ct. 643 , 85 L.Ed. 971 ... (1941), the Supreme Court held that "federal courts should abstain from decision when difficult and unsettled questions of state law must be resolved before a substantial federal constitutional question can be decided." Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff, 467 U.S. 229, 236 , 104 S.Ct. 2321, 2326 , 81 L.Ed.2d 186 (1984). 18 Ayers v. Philadelphia Housing Auth., 716 F.Supp. 855, 859 (E.D.Penn.1989). 19 Although a decision to abstain is reviewed for abuse of discretion, the district court's underlying legal determin…
discussed
Cited "see"
Ayers v. Philadelphia Housing Authority
Although a decision to abstain is reviewed for abuse of discretion, the district court’s underlying legal determinations upon which it based its decision to abstain are subject to plenary review; see United Services Automobile Assoc. v. Muir, 792 F.2d 356 (3d Cir.1986) cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 875 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Movie 1 v. United Artists Communications, Inc.
See Syufy Enterprises v. American Multicinema, Inc., 793 F.2d 990, 994 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1034 , 107 S.Ct. 884 , 93 L.Ed.2d 838 (1987) (recognizing "industry anticipated top-grossing films" as a relevant market, distinct from the general film market).
discussed
Cited "see"
Movie 1 & 2 v. United Artists Communications, Inc.
See Syufy Enterprises v. American Multicinema, Inc., 793 F.2d 990, 994 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied. 479 U.S. 1031 . 107 S.Ct. 876 . 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1034 , 107 S.Ct. 884 , 93 L.Ed.2d 838 (1987) (recognizing "industry anticipated top-grossing films" as a relevant market, distinct from the general film market).
discussed
Cited "see"
Geshwind v. Garrick
See Whelan Associates, Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 609 F.Supp. 1307 (E.D.Pa.1985), aff'd, 797 F.2d 1222 (3d Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987) (under similar facts, court analogized to an owner explaining functions of a building to an architect, and concluded “[t]he architectural drawings are not co-authored by the owner, no matter how detailed the ideas and limitations expressed by the owner.”) Here, Mr. Leich worked for Digital as an employee.
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Ciampa
(2×)
See United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 934, 936-937 (8th Cir. 1986), cert, denied, 479 U.S. 1031 (1987) (the agreement provided “[t]he more important we deem that information and cooperation [in solving and prosecuting crimes], the more likely the reduction of charges and [the informant’s] sentencing risk”); United States v. Dailey, 759 F.2d 192, 197, 200-201 (1st Cir. 1985) (government’s recommendation for sentencing will be influenced by “the value to the government” of the witness’s cooperation; such a contingent plea agreement “should be reserved for exceptional cases,…
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Michael R. Davis, United States of America v. William W. Harris
See United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 935-36 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Adrian C. Eichman v. Fotomat Corporation, a Delaware Corporation
See Syufy Enterprises v. American Multicinema, Inc., 793 F.2d 990, 1000 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 1034, 107 S.Ct. 876 , 884, 93 L.Ed.2d 830, 838 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Larry Thomas (87-1623), Anthony L. Gaston (87-1634), and Eddie Gaston (87-1697)
See In re Grand Jury Proceedings, 797 F.2d 1377, 1380 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987); Paul v. Henderson, 698 F.2d 589, 592 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 835 (1983).
cited
Cited "see"
Adrian C. Eichman v. Fotomat Corporation, a Delaware Corporation
See Syufy Enterprises v. American Multicinema, Inc., 793 F.2d 990, 1000 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 1034, 107 S.Ct. 876 , 884, 93 L.Ed.2d 830, 838 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Manufacturers Technologies, Inc. v. Cams, Inc.
See Whelan Associates v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, 797 F.2d 1222 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987) (despite lack of evidence of direct source code copying, copyright infringement found because protection extends to structure, sequence, and organization of program); Digital Communication Associates v. Softklone Distributing Corp., 659 F.Supp. 449 (N.D.Ga.1987) (copyright protection in computer program does not extend to its screen displays but separate copyright in "status screen” was infringed where defendant’s status screen captures "total …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Viacom, Inc. v. Sumitomo Corp.
See also United States v. Spector, 793 F.2d 932, 938 (8th Cir.1986) ("courts have relied upon it as an accurate definition of the federal common law of attorney-client privilege.... 'Consequently, despite the failure of Congress to enact a detailed article on privileges, Standard 503 should be referred to by the Courts.' ”) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987); United States v. (Under Seal), 748 F.2d 871 , 874 n. 5 (4th Cir.1984) (Supreme Court Standard 503 "provides a comprehensive guide to the federal common law of attorney-client privileg…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Zand v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service
Emerson Elec., 846 F.2d at 1326 (“When a judge has yet to make findings of fact and conclusions of law, a successor judge must retry the case unless (1) all parties consent to resolution based on the trial transcript or (2) summary judgment would be appropriate .... ”); see also Mesa Petroleum Co. v. Coniglio, 787 F.2d 1484, 1488 (11th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 876 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
C.H. Ex Rel. Z.H. v. Oliva
“The core of the Burford abstention doctrine ... is that federal courts should avoid needless disruption of an important and complex state regulatory scheme.” Lac D’Amiante du Quebec v. American Home Assurance Co., 864 F.2d 1033 , 1038 (3d Cir.1988); see also United Services Automobile Association v. Muir, 792 F.2d 356, 364 (3d Cir.1986) (“Generally, Burford abstention is justified where a complex regulatory scheme is administered by a specialized state tribunal having exclusive jurisdiction.”), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 875 , 93 L.Ed.2d 830 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
McM Partners, Incorporated v. Andrews-Bartlett & Associates, Incorporated, Doing Business as Andrews-Bartlett Exposition Services
Co., 687 F.Supp. at 1463 ; see also Syufy Enter. v. American Multicinema, Inc., 793 F.2d 990, 1001 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 1034, 107 S.Ct. 876 , 884, 93 L.Ed.2d 830, 838 (1987); II E.W.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Engineering Dynamics, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Structural Software, Inc., and S. Rao Guntur, Defendants-Appellees-Cross-Appellants
Compare the approaches used by the courts in Whelan Assocs., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Lab., Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987); Altai, supra; Lotus I, supra; Brown Bag Software v. Symantec Corp., 960 F.2d 1465 (9th Cir.), cert. denied,-U.S.-, 113 S.Ct. 198 , 121 L.Ed.2d 141 (1992); etc. 9 .
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Kepner-Tregoe, Inc. v. Leadership Software, Inc.
See, e.g., Whelan Assocs., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Lab., Inc., 797 F.2d 1222, 1236-38 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987). 16 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Qad. Inc., a California Corporation, and Pamela Lopker and Karl Lopker, Individuals v. Aln Associates, Inc., an Indiana Corporation, and Sally Allen, Mike Allen and Ronald Whiteford, Individuals
See, e.g., Whelan Assoc., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 , 1234 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987). 5 The sort of software at issue in this case, manufacturing systems software, is designed to assist manufacturers control inventory, process orders, and maintain financial records, and is typically comprised of hundreds of individual programs which are grouped and sold as modules.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
qad. inc. v. ALN Associates, Inc.
See, e.g., Whelan Assoc., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 , 1234 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987). .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Cable/Home Communication Corp. v. Network Productions, Inc.
See, e.g., Whelan Assocs., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 , 1236-40 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987); Formula, 725 F.2d at 523-25 ; Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp., 714 F.2d 1240, 1252-54 (3d Cir.1983), ce rt. dismissed, 464 U.S. 1033 , 104 S.Ct. 690 , 79 L.Ed.2d 158 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Cable/Home Communication Corporation v. Network Productions, Inc.
See, e.g., Whelan Assocs., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 , 1236-40 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1031 , 107 S.Ct. 877 , 93 L.Ed.2d 831 (1987); Formula, 725 F.2d at 523-25 ; Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp., 714 F.2d 1240, 1252-54 (3d Cir.1983), cert. dismissed, 464 U.S. 1033 , 104 S.Ct. 690 , 79 L.Ed.2d 158 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lac D'amiante Du Quebec, Ltee v. American Home Assurance Company
(2×)
As read in subsequent cases, Burford stands for the proposition that where a state creates a complex regulatory scheme, supervised by the state courts and central to state interests, abstention will be appropriate if federal jurisdiction deals primarily with state law issues and will disrupt a state's efforts "to establish a coherent policy with respect to a matter of substantial public concern." Colorado River, 424 U.S. at 814 , 96 S.Ct. at 1245 ; see also United Services Automobile Association v. Muir, 792 F.2d 356, 364 (3d Cir.1986) ("Generally, Burford abstention is justified where a compl…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lac D'Amiante du Quebec v. American Home Assurance Co.
(2×)
As read in subsequent cases, Burford stands for the proposition that where a state creates a complex regulatory scheme, supervised by the state courts and central to state interests, abstention will be appropriate if federal jurisdiction deals primarily with state law issues and will disrupt a state’s efforts “to establish a coherent policy with respect to a matter of substantial public concern.” Colorado River, 424 U.S. at 814 , 96 S.Ct. at 1245 ; see also United Services Automobile Association v. Muir, 792 F.2d 356, 364 (3d Cir.1986) (“Generally, Burford abstention is justified where…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Moore
v.
Illinois
v.
Illinois
No. 86-556.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 12, 1987.
Published
Sup. Ct. Ill. Certio-rari denied.