Cal. Penal Code § 594

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(a)Every person who maliciously commits any of the following acts with respect to any real or personal property not his or her own, in cases other than those specified by state law, is guilty of vandalism:

(1)Defaces with graffiti or other inscribed material.

(2)Damages.

(3)Destroys.

Whenever a person violates this subdivision with respect to real property, vehicles, signs, fixtures, furnishings, or property belonging to any public entity, as defined by Section 811.2 of the Government Code, or the federal government, it shall be a permissive inference that the person neither owned the property nor had the permission of the owner to deface, damage, or destroy the property.

(b)(1)If the amount of defacement, damage, or destruction is four hundred dollars ($400) or more, vandalism is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or if the amount of defacement, damage, or destruction is ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or more, by a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(2)(A)If the amount of defacement, damage, or destruction is less than four hundred dollars ($400), vandalism is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(B)If the amount of defacement, damage, or destruction is less than four hundred dollars ($400), and the defendant has been previously convicted of vandalism or affixing graffiti or other inscribed material under Section 594, 594.3, 594.4, 640.5, 640.6, or 640.7, vandalism is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(c)Upon conviction of any person under this section for acts of vandalism consisting of defacing property with graffiti or other inscribed materials, the court shall, when appropriate and feasible, in addition to any punishment imposed under subdivision (b), order the defendant to clean up, repair, or replace the damaged property himself or herself, or order the defendant, and his or her parents or guardians if the defendant is a minor, to keep the damaged property or another specified property in the community free of graffiti for up to one year. Participation of a parent or guardian is not required under this subdivision if the court deems this participation to be detrimental to the defendant, or if the parent or guardian is a single parent who must care for young children. If the court finds that graffiti cleanup is inappropriate, the court shall consider other types of community service, where feasible.

(d)If a minor is personally unable to pay a fine levied for acts prohibited by this section, the parent of that minor shall be liable for payment of the fine. A court may waive payment of the fine, or any part thereof, by the parent upon a finding of good cause.

(e)As used in this section, the term “graffiti or other inscribed material” includes any unauthorized inscription, word, figure, mark, or design, that is written, marked, etched, scratched, drawn, or painted on real or personal property.

(f)The court may order any person ordered to perform community service or graffiti removal pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) to undergo counseling.

(g)This section shall become operative on January 1, 2002.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 430 cases (128 in the last 5 years), 1970–2026 · leading case: People v. Kyle T.
People v. Kyle T. (2017) calctapp · cites it 4× “The adjudication order declared Kyle a ward of the court and sustained a petition that the People filed under Welfare and Institutions Code section 602 alleging that Kyle had committed one count of felony vandalism (Pen. Code, § 594, subds. (a), (b)(1)), one count each of…”
Christopher MACKINNEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Garon NIELSEN, Dash Butler, Al Littles, and City of Berkeley, Defendants- (1995) ca9 · cites it 4× “Officer Davis arrested Mackinney and charged him with violating California Penal Code § 594, which prohibits defacing “with paint or any other liquid” or damaging property that is not one’s own.”
Schmidlin v. City of Palo Alto (2008) calctapp · cites it 2× “(b)), vandalism (Pen.Code, § 594, subds. (a), (b)(4)), and giving a false name to a police officer (Pen.”
People v. W.R. (In re W.R.) (2018) calctapp5d · cites it 2× “"On July 24, 2013, the San Mateo District Attorney filed a second wardship petition accusing appellant of vandalism ( Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (b)(2)(A) ). The minor admitted the charge on August 14, 2013.”
People v. I.V. (2017) calctapp · cites it 2× “had committed felony vandalism (Pen. Code, § 594, subds. (a), (b)(1)). The juvenile court ordered that I.”
United States v. Steven Duarte (2025) ca9 · cites it 2× “Duarte was previously convicted of five non-violent criminal offenses in California, each of which carried a sentence of one year or more in prison: vandalism, Cal. Penal Code § 594 (a); felon in possession of a firearm, id.”
People v. R.V. (2015) cal · cites it 2× “(a)(1)), and one misdemeanor count of vandalism (Pen. Code, § 594, subds. (a), (b)(2)(A)).”
People v. Serrano (2012) calctapp “(b)), one count vandalism (Pen. Code, § 594, subds. (a), (b)(1)), one count of exhibiting a deadly weapon other than a firearm (Pen.”
Luis M. v. Superior Court (2014) cal · cites it 2× “2 Penal Code section 594, subdivisions (a) and (b)(1).”
People v. McVey (2018) calctapp5d “(a) ) in count 1, and felony vandalism ( Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (a) ) in count 2.”
People v. Carl N. (2008) calctapp · cites it 2× “Carl admitted the vandalism/graffiti (count 1; Pen. Code, § 594, subds. (a), (b)(2)(A)) and resisting arrest (count 3; Pen.”
People Ex Rel. Reisig v. Acuna (2017) calctapp “” (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (e).) Appellants complain the provision applies to all active members, even those who have not done any graffiti.”
— Cal. Penal Code § 594(a) — 5 cases
United States v. Steven Duarte (2025) ca9 “Duarte was previously convicted of five non-violent criminal offenses in California, each of which carried a sentence of one year or more in prison: vandalism, Cal. Penal Code § 594 (a); felon in possession of a firearm, id.”
(HC) Torres v. Ducart (2019) caed
People v. Bui CA6 (2013) calctapp
— Cal. Penal Code § 594(a)(2) — 1 case
— Cal. Penal Code § 594(a)(b)(1) — 2 cases
Mourning v. McDowell (2020) casd
— Cal. Penal Code § 594(b) — 1 case
— Cal. Penal Code § 594(b)(1) — 2 cases
People v. Farley (2009) cal
— Cal. Penal Code § 594(b)(2)(A) — 1 case
In re S.H. CA5 (2013) calctapp
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