1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 SAN JOSE DIVISION 7 8 K.B., Case No. 24-cv-06218-VKD

9 Plaintiff, ORDER RE SOCIAL SECURITY 10 v. APPEAL

11 COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL Re: Dkt. Nos. 14, 18 SECURITY, 12 Defendant.

13 14 Plaintiff K.B.1 challenges a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security 15 (“Commissioner”) denying her applications for disability insurance benefits and supplemental 16 security income (“SSI”) under Titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act (“Act”), 42 U.S.C. 17 §§ 423, 1381, et seq. K.B. contends that the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) erred in finding 18 that her chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (“COPD”) and asthma are not severe 19 impairments. The Commissioner maintains that the ALJ’s decision is free of legal error and 20 supported by substantial evidence. 21 The parties have filed their respective briefs. Dkt. Nos. 14, 18. The matter was submitted 22 without oral argument. Civil L.R. 16-5. Upon consideration of the parties’ briefs and the relevant 23 evidence of record, for the reasons set forth below, the Court affirms the ALJ’s decision.2 24 1 Because orders of the Court are more widely available than other filings, and this order contains 25 potentially sensitive medical information, this order refers to the plaintiff only by her initials. This order does not alter the degree of public access to other filings in this action provided by Rule 26 5.2(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Civil Local Rule 5-1(c)(5)(B)(i).

27 2 All parties have expressly consented that all proceedings in this matter may be heard and finally 1 I. BACKGROUND 2 K.B. was 61 years old on September 8, 2021, the date she filed her applications for 3 disability insurance benefits and SSI. See AR3 66, 108, 109. The record indicates that K.B. 4 completed eleventh grade, and that she has worked as an in-home caregiver, but has not worked 5 since November 6, 2021. See AR 39-40, 347, 387. 6 On September 8, 2021, K.B. applied for disability insurance benefits and SSI, alleging 7 disability beginning January 16, 2018 due to hypertension, hypothyroidism, brain aneurysm, 8 COPD, post-traumatic stress disorder, migraines, and generalized anxiety disorder. See AR 111, 9 135. Her applications were denied initially and on review. AR 66-107, 110-156. An ALJ held a 10 hearing on October 18, 2023, at which a vocational expert testified. AR 35, 55-60. 11 On December 19, 2023, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision. AR 17-28. The ALJ 12 found that K.B. met the Act’s insured status requirements through December 31, 2025, her date 13 last insured. AR 17, 19. The ALJ found that K.B. had engaged in substantial gainful activity 14 since the alleged onset date of January 16, 2018, noting that her earnings exceeded the substantial 15 gainful activity threshold4 from May 1, 2020 through November 6, 2021. See AR 19-20, 314-315. 16 Thus, the ALJ found that K.B. was not disabled from May 1, 2020 through November 6, 2021. 17 AR 20. K.B. does not dispute that finding. 18 The ALJ found that there had been a continuous 12-month period or periods during which 19 K.B. did not engage in substantial gainful activity and proceeded through the sequential analysis 20 for those periods. Id. The ALJ concluded that K.B. has the following severe impairments: major 21 depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and polysubstance abuse. Id. However, the 22 ALJ found that K.B. does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or 23 medically equals the severity of one of the impairments listed in the Commissioner’s regulations. 24 Id. The ALJ also found that K.B. has the following non-severe impairments: hypertension, 25

26 3 “AR” refers to the certified administrative record filed with the Court. Dkt. No. 8.

27 4 A claimant who engages in substantial gainful activity cannot be found disabled, no matter what 1 hypothyroidism, migraines, chronic kidney disease, unruptured aneurysm, asthma, and COPD 2 with continued tobacco use.5 Id. The ALJ determined that since the alleged onset date of January 3 16, 2018 through the December 19, 2023 date of the ALJ’s decision, K.B. had the residual 4 functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform a full range of work at all exertional levels but with the 5 following non-exertional limitations: capable of performing simple routine repetitive tasks, and 6 sustaining concentration, persistence and pace for two-hour increments with normal breaks, able to 7 accept routine supervision and interact with co-workers in a non-collaborative manner. AR 22. 8 The ALJ further noted that K.B.’s age category as of the alleged onset date was “advanced age.” 9 AR 26. 10 The ALJ found based on K.B.’s age, education, work experience, and RFC, K.B. could 11 perform jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy, including cleaner II, office 12 cleaner, and small parts assembler. AR 27. Accordingly, the ALJ concluded that K.B. was not 13 disabled, within the meaning of the Act, from the alleged onset date of January 16, 2018 through 14 the date of the ALJ’s decision. Id. 15 The Appeals Council denied K.B.’s request for review of the ALJ’s decision. AR 1-3. 16 K.B. then filed the present action seeking judicial review of the decision denying her applications 17 for benefits. 18 II. LEGAL STANDARD 19 Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), this Court has the authority to review the Commissioner’s 20 decision to deny benefits. The Commissioner’s decision will be disturbed only if it is not 21 supported by substantial evidence or if it is based upon the application of improper legal 22 standards. Ahearn v. Saul, 988 F.3d 1111, 1115 (9th Cir. 2021) (citation omitted); Morgan v. 23 Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 169 F.3d 595, 599 (9th Cir. 1999) (citation omitted). In this context, 24 the term “substantial evidence” means “more than a mere scintilla” but “less than a 25 preponderance” and is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to 26 support a conclusion.” Ahearn, 988 F.3d at 1115 (quoting Biestek v. Berryhill, 587 U.S. 97, 103 27 1 (2019) and Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1110-11 (9th Cir. 2012), superseded by regulation on 2 other grounds); see also Morgan, 169 F.3d at 599 (citation omitted). When determining whether 3 substantial evidence exists to support the Commissioner’s decision, the Court examines the 4 administrative record as a whole, considering adverse as well as supporting evidence. Ahearn, 5 988 F.3d at 1115 (citation omitted); Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir. 1989). 6 Where evidence exists to support more than one rational interpretation, the Court must defer to the 7 decision of the Commissioner. Ahearn, 988 F.3d at 1115-16 (citation omitted); Morgan, 169 F.3d 8 at 599 (citation omitted). 9 III. DISCUSSION 10 On appeal, K.B. challenges the ALJ’s finding that her COPD and asthma are not severe 11 impairments. Dkt. No. 14 at 3. She does not challenge the ALJ’s assessments of any of her other 12 physical or mental impairments. K.B. also contends that the ALJ failed to consider exertional 13 limitations related to her COPD and asthma in the RFC. Id. at 12. 14 A. Medical Severity Determination 15 At step two of the five-step sequential analysis, the ALJ must assess the medical severity 16 of a claimant’s impairments. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(ii), 416.920(a)(4)(ii); see also Webb v. 17 Barnhart, 433 F.3d 683, 686 (9th Cir. 2005). “[T]he step-two inquiry is a de minimis screening 18 device to dispose of groundless claims.” Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1290 (9th Cir. 1996). A 19 severe impairment “must be established by objective medical evidence from an acceptable medical 20 source.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1521, 416.921. The claimant bears the burden of showing that he has a 21 medically severe impairment or combination of impairments. See Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 22 1098 (9th Cir. 1999) (stating that “[t]he burden of proof is on the claimant as to steps one to four” 23 of the sequential analysis). 24 An impairment or combination of impairments is considered “severe” if it “significantly 25 limits [a claimant’s] physical or mental ability to do basic work activities.” 20 C.F.R. 26 §§ 404.1520(c), 416.920(c). “Basic work activities are abilities and aptitudes necessary to do 27 most jobs,” Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1290 (citation modified), including “walking, standing, sitting, 1 understanding, carrying out, and remembering simple instructions; use of judgement, responding 2 appropriately to supervision, coworkers, and usual work situations; and dealing with changes in a 3 routine work setting,” Social Security Ruling (“SSR”) 85-28, 1985 WL 56856, at *3. “An 4 impairment or combination of impairments can be found not severe only if the evidence 5 establishes a slight abnormality that has no more than a minimal effect on an individual’s ability to 6 work.” Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1290 (citing SSR 85-28) (citation modified); see also Webb, 433 F.3d 7 at 686 (same). 8 K.B. argues that “there is substantial evidence in the record that supports severe physical 9 impairments of COPD and asthma, which had more than a minimal effect on [K.B.’s] ability to 10 perform basic work activities.” Dkt. No. 14 at 11. This is not the standard of review the Court 11 applies. Rather, the Court must reverse the Commissioner’s decision only if it is not supported by 12 substantial evidence. Ahearn, 988 F.3d at 1115. The Court applies this standard in evaluating 13 K.B.’s arguments about the evidence. 14 The ALJ first considered whether there was objective medical evidence that K.B. had 15 COPD and asthma and concluded that there was such evidence. See AR 20 (citing AR 607-675, 16 694-700, 794-875). However, the ALJ found that these conditions are not severe because they 17 “present no more than mild functional limitations and have not resulted in any significant 18 limitation in the claimant’s ability to do basic work activities.” Id. In support of this 19 determination, the ALJ observed that K.B.’s COPD and asthma “were managed medically, and 20 should be amenable to proper control by adherence to recommended medical management and 21 medication compliance,” and that “no further aggressive treatment was recommended or 22 anticipated for these conditions.” Id. The ALJ’s decision reflects that she specifically considered 23 K.B.’s treatment notes and the opinions of Dr. Joseph Presto (agency consultant), Dr. Kyung Lee 24 (agency consultant), Dr. Robert Tang (consultative examiner), and Brittany Price (family nurse 25 practitioner) regarding K.B.’s COPD and asthma conditions. 26 First, the ALJ considered the April 8, 2022 and July 6, 2022 opinions of Drs. Presto and 27 Lee. AR 25. Drs. Presto and Lee reviewed K.B.’s medical records and opined that K.B.’s COPD 1 as-needed inhalers. AR 72. He noted that K.B.’s physical examination was unremarkable. Id. 2 Dr. Lee also noted K.B.’s unremarkable physical examination. AR 121. The ALJ found that Dr. 3 Presto’s and Dr. Lee’s opinions that K.B.’s COPD was non-severe were persuasive and adopted 4 their opinions, finding that they were supported by objective evidence and consistent with the 5 evidence as a whole. AR 25. K.B. does not challenge the ALJ’s evaluation of these opinions. 6 Second, the ALJ also considered the opinion of Dr. Tang. AR 24-25. He examined K.B. 7 on March 12, 2022. Id. Dr. Tang reported that although K.B. was a continuous smoker, she did 8 not need supplemental oxygenation. AR 694. He reported that K.B.’s COPD was maintained 9 with as-needed inhalers. AR 697. Dr. Tang’s physical examination of K.B. also was 10 unremarkable. AR 696. Nevertheless, Dr. Tang opined that K.B. could perform only light work, 11 except that she could stand and walk up to six hours, sit with no limitations, occasionally climb 12 ladders, and frequently climb ramps and stairs, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl. AR 25 13 (citing AR 694-698). He also opined that K.B. should avoid working at heights, and around heavy 14 machinery, chemicals, dust, fumes, and gases. Id. The ALJ concluded that Dr. Tang’s opinion 15 was unpersuasive because it was inconsistent with the record as a whole and unsupported by 16 treatment notes. Id. K.B. does not challenge the ALJ’s evaluation of this opinion. 17 Additionally, the ALJ considered a progress note summarizing K.B.’s November 9, 2022 18 visit with her treating family nurse practitioner Ms. Price. Id. At this visit, K.B. reported that her 19 medication was not strong enough to manage her COPD and she had to use her inhaler five times 20 per day because she had shortness of breath and wheezing after walking one block. AR 860. Ms. 21 Price noted that K.B. had a cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. AR 862. She stated that 22 she discussed the need for K.B. to stop smoking in connection with her COPD.6 Id. In Ms. 23 Price’s view, although K.B. has several medical conditions that require optimization, K.B. did not 24 qualify for permanent disability. AR 25 (citing AR 860). The ALJ considered Ms. Price’s 25 6 As the ALJ observed, K.B.’s treatment notes and the opinions of the medical sources 26 consistently noted K.B.’s regular smoking of marijuana and her use of cocaine during the relevant period. See AR 23-24 (citing AR 485, 492, 552, 676, 702, 726), 72, 121, 694-700. It is not clear 27 whether any medical source attributed K.B.’s reported respiratory symptoms in whole or in part to 1 opinion persuasive because it was supported by examination and a treatment relationship, and it 2 was consistent with the record as a whole. Id. K.B. does not challenge the ALJ’s evaluation of 3 this opinion. 4 Fourth, the ALJ also considered the December 15, 2021 third party function report by 5 K.B.’s case manager Elizabeth Osterwald. AR 24. Ms. Osterwald wrote that K.B.’s impairments 6 affected her ability to lift, squat, bend, sit, kneel, and climb stairs, and that K.B. could walk for 7 five minutes before needing rest. AR 409. Ms. Osterwald stated that when K.B. goes outside, she 8 walks and uses public transportation. AR 407. She also stated that K.B. handles stress by using 9 substances. AR 410. The ALJ correctly noted that Ms. Osterwald stated that K.B. could perform 10 activities of daily living. AR 24 (citing AR 404-414). The ALJ found Ms. Osterwald’s report not 11 persuasive regarding K.B.’s limitations because it was inconsistent with the objective medical 12 evidence. Id. K.B. does not challenge the ALJ’s evaluation of this report. 13 Fifth, the ALJ also considered and discussed K.B.’s own statements. AR 23-24. In her 14 December 15, 2021 function report, K.B. stated that she experiences pain and finds it “difficult to 15 lift, sometimes get up from sitting, walk[] for extended periods” due to her impairments. AR 415. 16 K.B. stated that when she goes outside, she walks and uses public transportation. AR 418. She 17 reported that she can walk “ten blocks at most” or for fifteen minutes before needing to recover for 18 ten minutes. AR 420. The ALJ correctly observed that K.B. reported she can manage various 19 activities of daily livings, including caring for her granddaughter, cleaning, cooking, doing 20 laundry, and shopping. AR 24 (citing AR 415-426). The ALJ found that K.B.’s statements 21 concerning the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of her symptoms are inconsistent with 22 the objective medical evidence and other evidence, and indicate that K.B. may overstate her 23 limitations. Id. K.B. does not challenge the ALJ’s evaluation of her subjective symptom 24 testimony. 25 Crediting the evidence she found persuasive, the ALJ concluded that K.B.’s symptoms 26 were controlled by medication, such that her COPD and asthma did not significantly limit her 27 ability to do basic work activities. AR 20. K.B. does not argue that the ALJ’s conclusion is not 1 because K.B. has been consistently diagnosed with COPD and asthma since 2015 and she 2 “continued to struggle with symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing.” Dkt. No. 14 3 at 11. In her brief, K.B. provides a lengthy summary of her history with COPD and asthma. Id. at 4 10-11. She contends that her medical history is “substantial evidence . . . that supports severe 5 physical impairments of COPD and asthma . . . .” Id. at 11. These arguments are unpersuasive. 6 First, the length of time K.B. has had diagnoses of COPD and asthma does not speak to the 7 severity of those conditions. Indeed, the ALJ noted K.B.’s history of diagnoses of COPD and 8 asthma and acknowledged the existence of objective medical evidence for these conditions. 9 Moreover, this history shows that after being diagnosed with COPD and asthma in 2015, K.B. has 10 managed her symptoms using medication and inhalers without more aggressive interventions. See 11 Dkt. No. 14 at 10-11. 12 Second, to the extent K.B. argues that the ALJ improperly disregarded K.B.’s COPD and 13 asthma symptoms or erred in concluding that her symptoms were effectively managed with 14 medication, K.B. fails to address the other evidence in the record on which the ALJ relied. 15 Specifically, the ALJ relied on treatment notes describing K.B.’s COPD and asthma as managed 16 by medication and the opinions of Dr. Presto, Dr. Lee, and Ms. Price concluding that K.B.’s 17 COPD and asthma symptoms were controlled and non-severe. AR 23-25. The ALJ found 18 unpersuasive Dr. Tang’s opinion that (1) K.B. could perform light work except she could stand 19 and walk up to six hours, sit with no limitations, occasionally climb ladders, and frequently climb 20 ramps and stairs, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl and (2) she should avoid working at 21 heights, and around heavy machinery, chemicals, dust, fumes, and gases. AR 25. The ALJ also 22 considered Ms. Osterwald’s third party function report regarding K.B.’s limitations and concluded 23 they were not persuasive. AR 24. Finally, the ALJ discussed K.B.’s own statements concerning 24 the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of her symptoms and explained her finding that 25 K.B.’s statements are inconsistent with the medical evidence and other evidence in the record. AR 26 23-24. As noted above, K.B. does not challenge the ALJ’s evaluation of this evidence. 27 The Court must reverse the Commissioner’s decision only if the Commissioner’s decision 1 K.B.’s COPD and asthma “were managed medically” and that “no further aggressive treatment 2 was recommended or anticipated for these conditions.” AR 20. Substantial evidence supports the 3 ALJ’s finding that K.B.’s COPD and asthma are non-severe impairments. The Court finds no 4 error here. 5 B. Residual Functional Capacity 6 The ALJ concluded that K.B. could perform a full range of work at all exertional levels 7 with certain non-exertional limitations. AR 22. K.B. contends that the ALJ erred by failing to 8 consider K.B.’s COPD and asthma when assessing her RFC and finding that K.B. could perform 9 work at all exertional levels. Dkt. No. 14 at 12. 10 In assessing a claimant’s RFC, an ALJ must consider all of the claimant’s limitations, 11 including those that are not severe. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(2) (“We will consider all of your 12 medically determinable impairments of which we are aware, including your medically 13 determinable impairments that are not ‘severe,’ . . . when we assess your residual functional 14 capacity.”); id. § 404.1545(e) (“When you have a severe impairment(s), but your symptoms, signs, 15 and laboratory findings do not meet or equal those of a listed impairment in appendix 1 of this 16 subpart, we will consider the limiting effects of all your impairment(s), even those that are not 17 severe, in determining your residual functional capacity.”); see also SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, 18 at *5 (“In assessing RFC, the adjudicator must consider limitations and restrictions imposed by all 19 of an individual’s impairments, even those that are not ‘severe.’”). 20 While the regulations require the ALJ to consider the effect of all of a claimant’s 21 impairments in formulating the RFC, they do not require her to translate every non-severe 22 impairment into a functional limitation in the RFC. D.L.P. v. Kijakazi, No. 21-cv-00792-VKD, 23 2022 WL 4472064, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 26, 2022); see also Medlock v. Colvin, No. 15-cv-9609- 24 KK, 2016 WL 6137399, at *5 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 20, 2016) (“Consideration of ‘the limiting effects of 25 all impairments’ does not necessarily require the inclusion of every impairment into the final RFC 26 if the record indicates the non-severe impairment does not cause a significant limitation in the 27 plaintiff’s ability to work.”). “Provided the ALJ does not rely on boilerplate language, but 1 including the non-severe impairment, the ALJ has not committed legal error.” Medlock, 2016 WL 2 || 6137399, at *5. 3 K.B. argues that the ALJ erred because she did not consider exertional limitations related 4 || to K.B.’s COPD and asthma when assessing her RFC. Dkt. No. 14 at 12. The Court disagrees. 5 || The record shows that the ALJ considered this evidence and explained her findings regarding 6 || K.B.’s COPD and asthma impairments and the symptoms and limitations associated with those 7 || impairments. Based on those findings, the ALJ concluded these conditions “present no more than 8 || mild functional limitations and have not resulted in any significant limitation in the claimant’s 9 || ability to do basic work activities.” AR 20. The ALJ specifically considered these conditions in 10 || determining her RFC. AR 22, 24-25. 11 Accordingly, the Court concludes that the ALJ did not fail to consider K.B.’s COPD and a 12 asthma in her RFC determination. 13 || IV. CONCLUSION v 14 Based on the foregoing, the Court affirms the ALJ’s decision. The Clerk shall enter

15 || judgment accordingly and close this file. 16 IT IS SO ORDERED.

17 || Dated: September 30, 2025

4 18 19 Virginia K. DeMarchi 20 United States Magistrate Judge 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28