Colley v. State, 639 P.2d 530 (Nev. 1982). · Go Syfert
Colley v. State, 639 P.2d 530 (Nev. 1982). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
70 citation events (10 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: State v. Elmajzoub (Said) (nev, 2015-12-18)
Treatment trajectory · 1986 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1986 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 9 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Elmajzoub (Said)
Nev. · 2015 · confidence medium
The district court's factual findings are supported by substantial evidence and are not clearly wrong, and we conclude that the State has not demonstrated that the district court erred as a matter of law.' See Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 18 , 639 P.2d 530, 533 (1982) (examining prejudice in the context of NRS 200.400(4)(a)); see also Colley v. Sumner, 784 F.2d 984, 990 (9th Cir. 1986) (same).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Evans v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2001 · confidence medium
Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 16 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sonner v. State
Nev. · 1996 · confidence medium
In Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 16 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982), this court held that it was not improper for the prosecutor to comment on the absence of a witness where the defendant testified concerning an alibi witness and thus opened the door for the prosecution to rebut that testimony with implications concerning the failure of the alibi witness to appear on the defendant’s behalf.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Whitney v. State
Nev. · 1996 · confidence medium
Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 16 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Whitney v. State
Nev. · 1996 · confidence medium
Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 16 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ross v. State
Nev. · 1990 · confidence medium
Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 16 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Michael Eugene Colley v. George Sumner (4×)
9th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
The supreme court held that the prosecutor’s reference to Ms. Pena’s status as a potential alibi witness was not unjustified because Colley himself had injected Pena into his testimony when recounting his alibi on direct examination, and because it was “far more appropriate that she be called by the defense in corroboration than by the state.” Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 16 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982).
discussed Cited "see" Major (Ivon) Vs. State (2×)
Nev. · 2020 · signal: see · confidence high
See Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 16 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982) (concluding that where a defendant "injected'' a person into the case to support his defense, the prosecutor was justified in commenting on the defendant's failure to substantiate the claim with evidence).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Keeney v. State (2×)
Nev. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
Washington, 96 Nev. at 307 , 608 P.2d at 1103; see also Warner, 102 Nev. at 637 , 729 P.2d at 1360-61 (no evidence existed to corroborate the victim’s allegations, leaving the outcome to depend primarily upon whether the jury believed the victim or the defendant), and Colley v. State, 98 Nev. 14, 17 , 639 P.2d 530, 532 (1982) (motion for a psychiatric examination of victim correctly denied where her testimony was amply corroborated and her mental state not subject to serious attack).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
MICHAEL EUGENE COLLEY, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF NEVADA, Respondent
12464.
Nevada Supreme Court.
Jan 28, 1982.
639 P.2d 530
William N. Dunseath, Public Defender, Michael B. McDonald, N. Patrick Flanagan, and Jane McKenna, Deputy Public Defenders, Washoe County, for Appellant., Richard H. Bryan, Attorney General, William A. Maddox, District Attorney, Carson City, for Respondent.
Gunderson, Manoukian, Springer, Mowbray, Zenoff.
Cited by 15 opinions  |  Published

[*16] OPINION

Per Curiam:

Appellant Colley was convicted of attempted murder and battery with intent to commit sexual assault resulting in substantial bodily harm. On appeal he raises five assignments of error; none warrants reversal of the conviction.

1. Prosecutorial Comment. Colley gave alibi testimony in his own defense, detailing his actions on the evening the crime occurred. Colley named several friends whom he claimed had been with him. One of these was Colley’s fiancee, Debra. On cross-examination, the prosecutor asked Colley where Debra was. Colley responded that he would “stand the fifth on that.” Defense counsel objected to the line of questioning as being irrelevant. In response, the prosecutor stated, “I believe that Debra . . . was originally named as one of the alibi witnesses.” The defense moved for a mistrial; the motion was denied.

Colley argues that the district court erred in denying the motion for a mistrial because the prosecutor’s statement “impermissibly shifted the burden of persuasion to the defendant to prove his innocence” by forcing him to explain why Debra did not testify at trial.

The argument is without merit. Although it is ordinarily impermissible to comment on a defendant’s failure to call a witness, under the circumstances of this case the statement was justified. It was Colley who injected Debra into the testimony as an alibi witness; and, because she was his fiancee, it was far more appropriate that she be called by the defense in corroboration than by the state. The trial court correctly denied the motion for a mistrial. State v. Kelly, 306 A.2d 58 (N.H. 1973). Cf. Biederstadt v. State, 92 Nev. 80, 545 P.2d 202 (1976).

2. Denial of Psychiatric Examination of State’s Witness. Before trial the district judge denied a defense motion for an order appointing a psychiatrist to examine both the victim and Evelena, another prosecution witness who claimed[*17] Colley had raped her eight days before the prosecutrix was attacked. The motion was correctly denied as to the victim. Her testimony was amply corroborated, and her emotional state was not subject to serious attack. Washington v. State, 96 Nev. 305, 608 P.2d 1101 (1980). Evelena’s testimony, however, was not substantially corroborated. Her testimony at the preliminary hearing warranted speculation by the defense that she was emotionally unstable. Still, we cannot hold that the trial court abused its discretion in declining to subject Evelena to a psychiatric examination. Even though such an examination may have been helpful to the defense, the jury was able to observe and evaluate Evelena’s emotional condition during her testimony on cross-examination. During questioning by defense counsel, she admitted that she had a drug problem, was seeing a psychiatrist and had been suicidal. Under these circumstances we do not believe appellant suffered prejudice from the denial of his motion. Id. at 308, 608 P.2d at 1103.

3. Evidence of the Prior Sexual Assault. Appellant also challenges the denial of his motion to exclude the testimony of state’s witness Evelena that she had been choked and raped by Colley eight days before the prosecutrix was attacked.

The trial judge correctly determined that this testimony was relevant to the issues of Colley’s intent and identity. The enhanced battery charge required proof that Colley had intended to assault the victim sexually. Evelena’s testimony was relevant in proving Colley’s state of mind. Findley v. State, 94 Nev. 212, 577 P.2d 867 (1978). The two attacks occurred a fraction of a mile away from each other and were only eight days apart. Under these circumstances, we find no error in admitting the testimony. NRS 48.045(2).

4. Double Punishment. Appellant claims that he may not be punished both for attempted murder and for battery with intent to commit sexual assault resulting in great bodily harm. Colley asserts that both convictions arose out of the same transaction. The record in this case, however, establishes that two distinct crimes were committed, each arising out of a separate transaction. First, upon stopping the car, Colley told the victim that he was going to kill her and grabbed her throat. This evidence supports a verdict of attempted murder. Following this episode the victim broke away and got out of the car, and Colley apparently apologized to her. Thereafter he suddenly threw the victim down, saying “You’re so pretty.” They[*18] struggled; the victim ran away. Colley then followed her and stabbed her several times. During this second attack, the victim’s pants and underpants were torn off. The attack supports a verdict of battery with intent to commit sexual assault which resulted in substantial injury to the victim. The evidence in the record supports the conclusion that Colley’s motive changed, justifying a conviction for the two separate crimes. See Litteral v. State, 97 Nev. 503, 634 P.2d 1226 (1981); Franko v. State, 94 Nev. 610, 584 P.2d 678 (1978).

5. Sixth Amendment Violation. Colley attacks NRS 200.400(3), which directs the jury to choose between a sentence of life with the possibility of parole or life without such possibility, if it finds the defendant guilty of a battery with the intent to commit sexual assault resulting in substantial bodily harm. It is argued that this statute violates the sixth amendment right to counsel because, in closing argument, the defense attorney is compelled to argue both innocence and mitigation. The defect in this argument is that Colley was not prejudiced. His conviction remains unassailable because the closing defense argument was based solely on innocence. Since the jury sentenced Colley to the lesser of the two sentence alternatives, no infirmity can be found from defense counsel’s decision not to argue mitigation.

The judgments of conviction are affirmed.

Gunderson, C. J., and Manoukian, Springer, and Mowbray, JJ., and Zenoff, Sr. J., [1] concur.