The defendant is the owner of the front portion of lots 1 and 4 in block 3, original town of Waterloo, east side of Cedar river, being a parcel of ground with a frontage of one hundred and twenty feet on Fifth street and sixty-six feet on Sycamore street. Plaintiff is the owner of a portion of the remaining part of lots 1 and 4; his part of lot 4 being contiguous to the portion of the same lot owned by defendant. It will be sufficient for thé purposes of the case to say that the portion of lots 1 and 4 owned by plaintiff is separated to some extent from the portion owned by defendant by two parcels, each twenty feet in width, fronting on Sycamore street and extending back eighty feet parallel with Fifth street. Sycamore street runs from northwest to southeast, and Fifth street is at right angles to it, so that the defendant’s line parallel with Sycamore street and one hundred and twenty feet from it may be described as the southwest boundary of his tract.

In 1873, lots 1 and 4 belonged to Augusta M. Bunbuiy, and in that year she conveyed to one Farwell the parcels already referred to, with a frontage of forty feet on Sycamore street, extending in a southwesterly direction 80 feet parallel with Fifth street. In this conveyance a right of way ten feet in width abutting upon the southwesterly end of the strip was reserved for an alley. As this reservation for an alley is thought to have some bearing on the interpretation of the acts of the parties as affecting the present contention, it is to be borne in mind that when [*89] the conveyance to Farwell was made the ten feet reserved did not connect at either end with any street or alley of the plat. In May, 1877, Augusta M. Bunbury conveyed to one Shilliam the parcel of ground now owned by defendant, “ excepting and reserving the right of a driveway twelve feet in width along and across the southwesterly end of the same,' which Sam Shilliam has the right to inclose and use on maintaining gates at each end thereof ”; and in November of the same year Augusta M. Bunbury, who had in the meantime by marriage become Augusta M. Bull, conveyed to S. Francisca Bunbury by proper description all that part of lots 1 and 4 not covered by the Farwell and Shilliam grants. Plaintiff has become the owner of all that part of lots 1 and 4 thus conveyed to S. Francisca Bunbury by a chain of title which need not be described in detail, except to say that the conveyance to S. Francisca Bunbury contained no mention of the right of way reserved across the southwestern end of the Shilliam parcel, whereas the conveyance from S. Francisca Bunbury to her grantee, who is plaintiff’s remote grantor, expressly includes these two rights of way, which were expressly included, also, in the intermediate conveyances in plaintiff’s chain of title, save in one instance, where the omission was soon after cured by quitclaim covering such rights of way. Shilliam conveyed to defendant by deed containing exception and reservation of the twelve-foot driveway along the southwesterly end of his parcel corresponding to the reservation in Augusta M. Bunbury’s conveyance to him. The controversy in this case involves the .question whether plaintiff is entitled to a twelve-foót driveway at the southwesterly end of defendant’s parcel connecting plaintiff’s portion of lot 4 with Fifth street.

[*90] „ 1. Conveyances: reservation of scription. [*89] The first contention for appellant is that the reservation in the Bunbury deed to Shilliam and the Shilliam deed to defendant is indefinite as to location, because a driveway twelve feet in width across any portion of the southwesterly [*90] half of defendant’s parcel would fill the description. But in this there is no merit. The twelve-foot driveway is not Only to be across the southwesterly end of the parcel conveyed, but it is also to be along the southwesterly boundary of the same; that is, it is to be on the parcel and therefore a portion of it, and it is to be along the southwesterly end. It is evident that the word “ end ” is used in this reservation in two senses: First, as describing the southwesterly boundary of the parcel; and, second, as describing the southwesterly portion of the parcel. That the word may be used in either sense or in both senses in conformity with common usage is too plain to require elaboration of argument, and that it was used in both senses in this reservation is equally plain. The strip, which was to constitute a driveway was across the southwesterly end of the parcel, and along — that is, adjacent to — the southwesterly boundary of the parcel.

•2. Conveyance oe easement. The next contention for appellant is that the conveyance to S. Francisca Bunbury, through whom plaintiff .claims, contained no grant which would carry the right of way over Shilliam’s parcel, now owned by defencianp But tpjg contention is also without merit. It is conceded for appellant that an easement appurtenant to land will pass by conveyance of the land without an express grant or easement; See, to this effect, Teachout v. Capital Lodge, 128 Iowa, 380. That the right to a driveway across the parcel granted to Shilliam was appurtenant to the portion of lots 1 and 4 which still belonged to the grantor at the time the conveyance to Shilliam was' made seems to us too plain to justify elaboration.

3. Easements: present ught. Counsel say that an easement appurtenant must be actually in use and enjoyment, and must have been exercised with the occupancy of the land for the benefit of which ^ is reserved. Decorah Woolen Mill Co. v. Greer, 49 Iowa, 490. But the reservation in the present- case was not of a prospective right, but of a pres [*91] ent right, and excluded by implication any interference on the part of Shilliam with the enjoyment of such easement, save as he was allowed to inclose it on maintaining gates at each end of the strip over which the easement was reserved. Mosle v. Kuhlman, 40 Iowa, 108.

4. nonuser oe easement. Something is said in argument as to nonuser, but, as the easement was actually reserved by deed, we think it plain that affirmative proof of user cannot be essential to the establishment of a right which would pass by gran^-ee 0f the dominant estate. Moreover, by subsequent conveyances on each side the existence of the easement was recognized, and certainly no further evidence of its original existence is necessary. We think it clear that the. only question of difficulty in the case is as to whether this easement, reserved by Augusta M. Bun-bury and passing by her conveyance to S. Francisca Bun-bury, has been lost by adverse possession or nonuser.

5. Easement: session! P°s' Defendant by his pleadings sets up both adverse possession for the statutory period of limitation, and nonuser such as to extinguish the easement; and to these defenses we must now direct our attention. Counsel concede, however, that an easement created by deed cannot be lost by mere nonuser, and thát only by nonuser for the statutory period of limitation, during which period the servient estate has been put by its owner to a use inconsistent with the enjdyment of the .easement, will the easement be extinguished; so that practically the claim of nonuser is simply another form for the claim of adverse possession. But, as we understand counsel, their contention as to adverse possession is in two forms: First, adverse possession such as to entirely bar and terminate all right of easement; and, second, _a mutual acquiescence for the statutory period in a different driveway from that described in the deeds.

It is with reference to the claim of adverse possession -as terminating completely the easement which plaintiff now [*92] seeks to assert that we have the most serious difficulty, and this difficulty arises out of the ambiguity and conflict in the testimony of the witnesses with reference to the actual use and occupancy of the southwesterly end of defendant’s premises. Immediately upon acquiring title in 1877, Shilliam placed a livery barn on the street corner extending forty feet along Sycamore street and sixty feet along Fifth street, put scales on Fifth street, and built a yard for use in receiving hogs, inclosing for that purpose with a tight board fence the southwesterly portion of the premises; but he put a gate in the fence on Fifth street, and a corresponding gate in the fence on the opposite side. It appears that, some time between the placing of the barn on the premises by Shilliam and the time that defendant acquired title and went into possession in 1880, some sheds were standing on the southwesterly end of the lot covering stalls into which horses were placed for feeding; but in 1886 an extension was added to the southwesterly end of the barn, bringing it within about fifteen feet of the southwesterly line, and these sheds were taken away. Even while the sheds were there, it was possible to cross the southwesterly end of defendant’s premises through the gates, and persons desiring to go from Fifth street to the other portion of lot 4 would occasionally drive through defendant’s yard. We think the fact that these sheds obstructed the passage on the reserved twelve feet did not constitute an adverse possession so long as the right to drive across the end of the lot was not entirely cut off; but, however this may be, the sheds did not obstruct the driveway mentioned in the deed for the statutory period of limitation, and after the extension of the barn was built it appears that there was no obstruction to the use of the driveway by means of the gates. This condition continued until 1896, when a “ pole barn ” was built along the northwesterly line of defendant’s premises, extending clear to the southwesterly boundary, and this -barn completely cut off the use of the driveway; but in 1898 all the structures on the [*93] premises, including the “ pole barn,” were destroyed by fire, and not until two or three years before the trial were any structures again placed on the southwesterly portion of the lot which would interfere with the driveway. We have stated these conclusions of fact in perhaps more concise and definite form than the testimony of the witnesses would warrant; but the burden of proof as to adverse possession was on the defendant (Weinig v. Holcomb, 73 Iowa, 143), and we are satisfied that the driveway has not been shown to have been lost by adverse possession.

The claim that some other right of way than that described in the deeds was established by acquiescence, and the right to use the twelve-foot strip for that purpose was lost, is not substantiated by anything more than a mere surmise. N The surmise seems to be that all the parties concerned supposed the reservation in the deed to defendant’s grantor to be a continuation of the right of way reserved for an alley at the southwesterly end of the Harwell parcels hereinbefore described, and that the use of defendant’s premises for passing through by others was under that belief. But the language of the deeds is not to be explained away by a mere assumption.. If people did cross through defendant’s lot on a line with the right of way reserved at the southwesterly end of the Harwell parcel, it is not to be inferred that they did so because they understood there was no driveway in accordance with the description in defendant’s chain of title. Such a usage on the part of the public did not indicate on the part of plaintiff any acquiescence in a new driveway which can be construed into an abandonment of the driveway called for by the deeds.

We are entirely satisfied with the conclusion reached by the trial court, and the decree in plaintiff’s favor is therefore affirmed.