v.
City of Jefferson
Plaintiff is, and since 1905 has been, the owner of a two-story business property in said city of Jefferson, fronting east on Cherry street; the lower story used as a store, with offices above. Main street, which runs east and west, is on the south side of plaintiff’s property and is eighty feet wide. It is one of the main 'traveled streets of the city. Plaintiff’s lot is. one hundred thirty-two feet long north and south and twenty-two feet wide. The building covers all but about thirty feet of the west end of the lot. The main entrance to the storeroom is at the southeast corner, and there is a side door on the south, about half way back. Plaintiff contemplates putting in another door east of this, twenty or twenty-five feet from the southeast corner, as we understand, for the purpose of reaching the basement. The stairway leading to the second story is on the south side of the building and is four feet wide. Prior to the summer of 1911 the sidewalk at this point was sis feet wide, and there was, and for fifteen years or more there had been, a row of hitching posts and chains in the street south of the walk. As we read the record, plaintiff’s building faces the southwest corner of the public square; Main street running through the city on the south side of the square and on west past plaintiff’s building.
In 1911, probably because plaintiff’s stairway took up so much of the sidewalk, and perhaps for other reasons, it was agreed between plaintiff and one of the eouneilmen, who was chairman of the street 'committee, that the city would remove the old posts and plaintiff would widen his walk to twelve feet and put in a cement gutter. Nothing was said [*247] as to whether or not the posts should be replaced. Plaintiff did build a cement walk twelve feet wide and put in a gutter two feet wide. He also put in a cement approach or crossing over the walk near the southwest comer of his building as an entrance to a coal chute in the west end of the building. Thirteen new hitching posts were put in, commencing one foot east of the east side of this driveway and extending east to within twenty-eight feet of the lot line. The posts are eight feet apart, except that at the point opposite plaintiff’s south door a space of nine feet has been left. The city contemplated connecting the posts with chains, or gas pipe, but this had not been done when the injunction was served. On the opposite side of the street there is a parking twelve feet wide, a part of the way west from Cherry street. Plaintiff complains that teams hitched to the posts are not always driven square up to them but are hitched diagonally across his coal chute crossing and the opening opposite the south door, thus interfering with his right of ingress and egress; that the city permits manure to accumulate in a ridge back of where the horses stand, causing offensive odors, particularly in hot weather; and that the vehicles extend so far into the street as to obstruct travel, and that the posts should be removed as the only way by which the nuisance may be abated. Appellant contends that the posts are not a nuisance per se; that there were hitching racks at this point when plaintiff bought his property and had been for many years prior thereto; that plaintiff has acquiesced in having the racks along said premises and is estopped from asking an injunction; that plaintiff, a private person, even though a citizen and taxpayer, cannot maintain the action as to the alleged obstruction of travel. It denies that there was any nuisance, but does not seriously object, in this court, to a decree abating the alleged nuisance as to the accumulations of manure and the interference of plaintiff’s right of ingress and egress to his property. It does object to the decree requiring the removal of the posts. The trial court found that the posts [*248] as used were a nuisance and interfered with the free enjoyment of plaintiff’s said premises and with the free access, ingress, and egress thereto.
It seems to us that the removal of one post next to this crossing would obviate this difficulty so that plaintiff would not suffer any material injury. The removal of another post opposite the south door would leave a space of seventeen feet, which ought to be ample space in which to back a team, to load and unload merchandise, if there were no chains across this space. The three openings mentioned will answer all requirements. The city should be required to keep the street clear of manure accumulations so as to prevent a nuisance.
[*249]
' Mere delay in bringing suit to enjoin a continuing nuisance is not necessarily such laches or acquiescence as to constitute an estoppel. Harley v. Merrill Brick Co., 83 Iowa, 73; 29 Cyc. 1231; 1 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law (2d Ed.) 74.
We think no such acquiescence or laches was shown as to prevent plaintiff from maintaining this action.
Counsel for appellee concede the rule to be that a citizen cannot ordinarily complain as to the general use of the public streets, but claims that, where his interest as a private citizen is also coupled with the fact that he sustains a special damage of a private nature, then such facts may be taken into consideration. This is true, as we have already indicated, in so far as plaintiff and his property áre affected differently from the general public.
It was said in Perry v. Costner, 124 Iowa, 386, 391.
But for the custom of making use of part of the streets as áreas for light and to furnish access to basements since the [*251] organization of the state, we should experience difficulty in the interpretation of these statutes. For more than fifty years cities and towns have assumed the power to care .for, supervise, and control the streets,' including the right to permit their reasonable use by abutting owners in obtaining access to all parts of their property, and such authority has been recognized by this court. ... In view of these expressions, the interpretation put on the statute for many years, and the universal use of the streets close to buildings for areas and cellar stairways, we are not ready to say that the power to permit them is not included in the sections of the Code quoted. Indeed, the necessities of modern life demand the location of many obstacles in the highway which in the olden time would not have been tolerated even in the King, who, according to Blackstone, might not license purprestures. Such are the poles used in the operation of telephone, telegraph, and street railway systems, the curbstone, parking, and the like.
The paramount object in establishing and maintaining streets is for the purpose of public travel, subject to this, they may lawfully be used for other purposes, which are conducive to the public convenience, and which tend to make 'them of greater utility and convenience to those who legally have a right to their use. Spencer v. Andrews, 82 Iowa, 14; Young v. Rothrock, 121 Iowa, 588; Sikes v. Manchester, 59 Iowa, 66; Lacy v. Oskaloosa, 143 Iowa, 704; Haight v. Keokuk, 4 Iowa, 199.
These racks are a convenience to the people who come to town on business or for social gatherings. It is a practical question for many of the towns and smaller cities of the state. The hitching posts would not be wanted perhaps on the public square, so they were placed on a side street. The city could order their removal, as was done in the Lacy case, or it can permit them to remain, provided they do not unreasonably obstruct the street or work private injury to others. It is a question of government and supervision under authority delegated by the Legislature.
As has been said in some of the cases, this power must be placed somewhere, and the Legislature has placed it in the [*252] council of the cities, subject to review by the courts as to whether the power has been exceeded. In our opinion the evidence in this case does not warrant an order for the removal of the racks. There is some evidence that at times hayracks, with poles extending out into the street, are hitched to these posts. But this was not, and probably would not be, of frequent occurrence. In such a case the police officers could doubtless require their removal if the street is thereby unreasonably obstructed. The decree will be modified in accordance with the views expressed in the opinion and affirmed in other respects. The cause will be remanded for a decree in harmony with the opinion. — Modified and Affirmed.