v.
Sells-Floto Shows Company
I. The defendant is a corporation organized under the laws of Colorado, and engaged in the business of making circus and menagerie exhibitions in different cities of the country, traveling by railway. It entered the city of Des Moines, May 17, 1906, having obtained a license from the city authorities to parade the streets and give an exhibition, and proceeded to unload from the train, in Southeast Fifth Street, where it crosses the tracks of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Company, horses, Avagons, light and heaiw, tents and other accoutrements, elephants, camels, and animals in cages on Avagons, some of them Avith canvas flapping. The Avagons were run from the ends of the flat cars over plank- to the ground, pulled into the street north of the tracks, and backed on each side of the street. Animals were making the usual noises ' on being disturbed. A number of Avagons Avere left south of the tracks on the Avest side of the street, and on the east side, near the unloading, Avere the spectators, -among whom was Roscoe Carlisle, seven year's of age, Avho had left home at about 8:30 A. M. About this time, one Ungles approached from the north, driving a team of horses attached to a bakery wagon, and, when about 40 or 50 feet north of the tracks, he was signaled to stop, by the person superintending the unloading. After the wagon being taken from the cars was hauled to the north past Ungles’s team, the superintendent motioned him to proceed. The horses, though gentle, were excited and had been rearing about; and, as Fngles loosened the reins, they- plunged forward, and ran [*552] at full speed for some distance before he regained control of them. As they neared where the decedent was standing, he undertook to cross the street, apparently to avoid them, and was run down, and so seriously injured that he died. the same day.
It was made to appear that the odor of wild animals caused fear in horses; that the street was one of those most traveled in the south part of the city, and of unusual width between the curbs; that there were no ropes nor barricade, along the street, nor guards'on the ground to warn spectators or drivers of danger; and that, after the wagons were placed in the street, teams of 2, 4, 6, or 8 horses were hitched to the wagons, and these hauled to the grounds for the exhibition, on East Twentieth Street. This is a suit to recover damages to the child’s estate consequent on his death; and, as a verdict was directed for defendant, the sole inquiry is whether the evidence Avas sufficient to carry to the jury the issues raised.
What- seems to be charged is the commission of a public nuisance by obstructing or incumbering a public street otherwise than by fences or buildings. Sections 5078, [*553] 5081, Code. If so, it is plain that the evidence was not such as to warrant an affirmative finding on the allegations. Such exhibitions are not necessarily unlawful. Power to regulate, license or prohibit circuses and menageries is expressly conferred on cities and towns. Section 703, Code. Only when given in disregard of the exercise of this power can they be said to be unlawful. The defendant had obtained a license from the city authorities to parade its streets and to give exhibitions. The latter were to take place on grounds at the corner of Grand Avenue and East Twentieth Street. The train containing paraphernalia of the circus and the menagerie was on the side track of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Company, south of what are known as the old depot grounds, and was being unloaded by hauling the wagons to the ends of the cars, and then on plank extending from the ends to the ground in Southeast Fifth Street. The main track also was on this side of the grounds, while another side track extended north thereof, and, as we understand it, a spur track ran across said grounds. 'The depot was unoccupied. The area of the grounds does not appear, though referred to by some as a vacant lot. A witness, George Eaton, well described the situation and the manner of unloading the cars:
“They were unloading some of the wagons from the cars, and a crowd of people standing around here and there and every place. They were unloading these heavy wagons. There was a canvas over most of them, and they were loading them from the east to Fifth Street. The car stood east of Fifth, and the gang plank ran down to the approach of the cars there and landed them on Fifth Street crossing, and trailed them over there north to the K. D. tracks,, come across the K. D. tracks on both sides of the street. They had a - couple of snub teams with snub ropes. I should think about 25 feet. A man walks on the edge of the car, and hooks the ring on the corner of the wagon] [*554] another man driving the team from the hack end of the gangplank. A couple of fellows with poles guide the wagons as they came along, and another fellow there with a team to haul them up. Fifth Street was paved to the Q. tracks. When they came down into the paved street, they generally stopped the wagons within 7 or 8 feet of the gangplank with the snub rope. They had an extra team there to snap on them to pull them away. As these wagons came off of the cars, they snap an extra team and pull them up the road north as far as the K. D. tracks. Then they hooked 4 to 6 and 8 head of them to pull them to the ground. I never paid any attention as to how long any particular wagon AVas left, but there was, I should judge, 15 or 20, and maybe more wagons standing there at a time, from the time they began until they got them all off. There Avere not so very many people on the west side of the street where I was standing, but there was quite a few on the east, men, women and children.”
Ponies had been placed on the depot grounds — Iioav many does not appear. It is apparent that the wagons must have been unloaded from the ends of the cars; for, without the great inconvenience of turning on the car, .these could not have been taken from the side, and, as the tracks were considerably above the surface on either side except at the ' crossing, they must have been taken down on the street, if unloadted at the ends of the cars. As they were to be hauled away to the shOAv ground as soon as the facilities had would permit, it ought not to be said that defendant was negligent in backing the wagons to the curbing on. either side of the street, with tongues diagonally toward the center, so that the 2, 4,. 6 or 8-horse teams might be conveniently attached thereto when hauling them aAvay. The Avay between these rows of Avagons appears to have been, kept open, save during the process of lowering from the cars, and' occupancy of the street during these brief [*555] intervals could not well have been avoided. To have hauled the wagons therefrom over on the depot grounds, and shortly thereafter to have attached the teams thereto and hauled them back again to the highway, would seem useless, and not calculated to relieve the situation or to have rendered passing along the street less dangerous. Indeed, it would seem that- such a course would have tended to create confusion and would have increased the danger in the making use of the street. The system, while making full use of the street, had the virtue of simplicity, and, in. so far as the record discloses, the unloading proceeded in an orderly fashion and with great rapidity. Besides, there is nothing in the record indicating that the depot grounds were suitable for use for storing the wagons thereon, or that they were large enough for handling them and the many horse teams thereon.
[*555] “The liability of the appellant must rest on the doctrine of negligence. The gist of the action as claimed by appellee is the transportation of the hear, with knowledge that it was likely to frighten horses, without taking precaution to guard against fright. An animal ferae naturae,
[*557] In Scribner v. Kelley, 38 Barb. (N. Y.) 14, a like doctrine was applied to an elephant.
“Wild animals collected and moved about the country for exhibition are always more or less likely to frighten domestic animals, but they may, nevertheless, be lawfully taken on the public highAvay under proper precautions.” Macomber v. Nichols, 34 Mich. 212.
“Why not so much as I could see, more than they were —seemed to be noisier, and practically a - little later than the others. Q. They were in a little bigger hurry on account of being a little late in the morning? A. I should judge that was their reason for being in a little bigger hurry. They were moving these wagons away pretty rapidly. As fast as they could get them off the car, they had an extra team there, a man carrying doubletrees, and another man holding the lines. These á and 6 and 8 horses hauled these wagons up to Grand, and out to Twentieth. The circus grounds was at East Twentieth. That was the regular circus ground. The manner of taking the wagons off the [*559] cars was the same as I have always seen other circuses, practically.”
Appellant argues as though defendant’s superintendent directed Ungles to drive his team through. He had no control .over Ungles or his team, nor had he the right to dictate when and how he might use the street. All the superintendent undertook to do was to signal the team to stop until the wagon being taken from the car was hauled [*560] out of tlie way, and when this was done, to signal that the way was clear. I-Ie cannot he said to have breached his duty to Tingles or the public in any respect. Whether Tingles, in persisting in driving his team ahead under tlie circumstances, was negligent, we have no occasion to determine.
-(b) It is insisted, however, that both counsel and court had knowledge of what - was to be included in the amendment, and that it' would be filed before the court ruled -on the motion to direct verdict. The attorney who [*562] tried the cause for defendant and was present and orally' argued this motion testified that he did not know that there was an amendment'until he observed the printed copy in the abstract; that, if anything was said in oral argument about an intention of filing one, or the contents thereof, he was not present when this was done, and that the proposition to so file would have been so unusual that he would have remembered it had it been made. At. appellee’s request, the trial court made a statement as follows:
“When I ruled on the motion for a new trial, I had no knowledge there was any amendment on file at all. When I ruled on the motion to direct a verdict, I had no agreement or understanding with anybody that an amendment was to be filed whatever. I never make such an agreement with anybody, for it is surely difficult enough for a court to rule correctly upon things that are on file, and on which he has knowledge, and I would never attempt to rule upon allegations of negligence that were not made when -ruled upon and were to be made in the .future.”
On the other hand, one of the attorneys for plaintiff swore that, in making oral argument, in resistance of the motion to direct a verdict, in the course of argument he said:'
“We would want to amend our petition, setting out specifically the grounds of negligence. Not that I thought it was necessary, but in order that the grounds might be set out more clearly, and that the pleadings and the proof might conform in any event.”
He stated also that he had a sheet of paper on which the said grounds to be included in the aniendment were written, and read them to the court in presence .of appellee’s attorney. Another of appellant’s attorneys testified that, in his argument, he directed attention to the evidence bearing on each' ground of negligence alleged in the amendment, and urged these facts as being negligent acts, and that he attached to the motion for new trial a written argument [*563] directing attention to all the grounds of negligence alleged in the amendment, and that the court read the same. He also testified in corroboration of what the previous witness had said concerning the filing of an amendment, as also did another attorney. But, though the grounds stated in the amendment were referred to in the written argument attached to the motion for new trial, the amendment was not mentioned. Nor was the court’s attention called thereto upon the filing of the amendment. It will also be noticed that nothing was 3aid as to when the proposed amendment was to be filed. Nor does there seem to have been any reason for delaying the filing thereof until after the ruling on the motion to direct a verdict, for counsel had the noon recess of two hours within which to prepare the paper, and, as the ruling was made at about 3 :30 o’clock in the afternoon, probably time for that purpose would, on request, have been allowed by the court. It is not claimed that the. court granted leave or assented to the subsequent filing of an amendment, save by acquiescence. But for the motion to strike, the amendment could not well have been considered. Hartkemeyer v. Griffith, 142 Iowa 694. Amendment to answer may be filed only on leave, but, if filed without leave, will not be stricken on motion, if leave might properly have been granted upon application. Hanson v. Cline, 142 Iowa 187; West Side Lumber Co. v. Hathaway, 115 Iowa 654; Rice v. Bolton, 126 Iowa 654. An amendment to conform the pleadings to the proof is permitted, even after verdict, and, as judgment is to be entered immediately upon the return of the verdict, after the entry of judgment. O'Connell v. Cotter, 44 Iowa 48; Cole v. Thompson, 134 Iowa 685; Squires v. Jeffrey, 101 Iowa 676; Gray v. Sanborn, 178 Iowa 456; Matthys v. Donelson, 179 Iowa 1111; Davis v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co., 83 Iowa 744. Under the guise of so doing, however, new claims, causes of action or new issues may not be injected into the pleadings. In [*564] speaking on this subject in Bicklin v. Kendall, 72 Iowa 490, and referring to the section of the Code of 1873 of which 3600 is a copy, Beck, J., observed:
“Code Section 2689, which permits a party ‘at any time’ to amend his pleadings, contemplates that it shall be done pending the proceedings in the case, and not after the case is decided, the rights of the parties settled, and a judgment entered finally disposing of the questions involved. If a party may amend a pleading in nine months or a year after final judgment, he could do so in five- or ten -years. Judgments are settlements of controversies, and parties cannot be permitted to relitigate, after judgments, by filing new pleadings raising new issues. Amendments under the statutes, in proper cases, may be ‘at any time’ during the pendency of the action; but when there ceases to be a case for litigation, when th.e plaintiff’s claim is merged in a judgment, and the rights of the parties involved in the issues are decided qnd settled by a judgment, then all pleadings must cease. It may be that after •judgment an amendment may be permitted to conform a pleading to the proceedings, but this is very -different from an- amendment setting up new claims or new issues.'”
In Harrington v. Christie, 47 Iowa 319, the court refused 'leave to file an amendment, after verdict, -'alleging that annual interest -had not been paid, and the court, in approving of the refusal of-leave, said:
“It was not a mere amendment to make the pleading correspond with the proof. It Avas a material allegation upon which the defendant would have had. the right to take issue.”
These and the .other cases cited indicate plainly enough that neAv issues or allegations of negligence may not be added by amendment to the petition, or neAv defenses to the answer, after submission or verdict, and that, at best, amendments then filed are only permissible to clarify these, [*565] or make them more specific, and possibly add matters uncontroverted, or rectify an inadequate, prayer, as in O’Connell v. Cotter, supra. The amendment in this case adds new and distinct grounds, as: (1) In unloading the wagons into the street and passing the team of Ungles while the canvas on the wagons was loose and flapping; (2) in moving the wagons over loose pieces of sheet iron on the flat cars,- thereby making loud noises calculated to scare horses; (3) in motioning Ungles, when his team ivas frightened and trying to escape, to stop it in the street, and proceeding to unload the wagon in front of the frightened horses; (4) in beckoning Ungles to drive the'team across the track when in a frightened condition and trying to' escape, without attempting to assist the driver in controlling the team, or to protect the people; (5) in hauling the wagons taken from the oars past Ungles’ team on the left-hand side of the road, contrary to Section 15C9 of the Code; (6) in failing to unload the cars on the vacant depot grounds instead of into Fifth Street; and (7) “in collecting its wagons and other material on East Fifth Street when there was ample room to have collected.the same on the open space on the old depot ground.”
Some of these may touch the allegations in the original petition, but manifestly not for the. purpose' of clarifying or rendering these more specific. All, with the possible exception of the 4th and 7th, assert entirely new grounds of negligence, and for this reason, the amendment was not such as was permissible subsequent to verdict returned, unless, as contended by appellant, a proposition to so amend was made prior to the submission of the motion to direct; and, as to that, more later on. It was not an amendment to conform the pleadings, to the proof, but to assert new grounds of negligence; and, though the. evidence -may have borne-'on some of these,-all introduced was admissible and received on the allegations [*566] of the petition. Eikenberry v. Edwards, 67 Iowa 14. To have granted leave to amend, and thereby to import these new issues into the case subsequent to the ruling on the motion,' would have authorized the allegations to be changed after judgment. We entertain no doubt that to • have granted leave to amend under these circumstances would have been bad practice and intolerable, in the absence of the consent or full acquiescence of counsel for the adverse party. If, for any reason, counsel has not been able to reduce to writing the amendment proposed, time should be allowed. Surely, the court, before making the decisive ruling in a case, should have exact knowledge of the precise issues being passed on, and as surely, is counsel entitled to be advised of what the claims of the adverse party are, before submitting his motion to direct. Only with such knowledge will.he be able to conform his motionto the issues, or properly argue the questions involved. For these reasons, the court, as well as opposing counsel, might well have assumed that, if counsel suggested an amendment, this would be filed before the ruling on the motion to direct. It is urged that the court’s remarks in ruling on the motion indicated that he was passing on the grounds found in the amendment said to have been proposed, but all said had a direct bearing on the allegations of the petition, and the matter of a possible' amendment was not even hinted at. Even if some. remarks might be construed as referring to grounds therein, these might well have been in response to arguments of counsel. In any event-, the record contains no intimation of an intention on the part of counsel for appellant to file an amendment to the petition subsequent to.the ruling on the motion to direct, and, even though there may have been talk of filing an amendment, both the court and counsel for defendant had the right to assume from the failure to do so that such purpose had been abandoned. One of the con [*567] sequences ' of argument often is that opposing ' counsel and litigants are convinced that their positions are fallacious, and, as a result, these are abandoned. We do not say that this was true of counsel for appellant, but the court aDd counsel for defendant had the right to rely upon this having been done. It must not he inferred that we are inclined to hold that a cause of action was made out on the issues raised by the amendment. We merely say that these were not before the court, and that, even though the matter of filing an amendment may have been mentioned by appellant’s counsel, as claimed, it was to be inferred that this was intended to be done prior to the ruling, and that, in the absence of leave granted, the court and counsel for the adverse party had the right to assume that the purpose to amend had been abandoned. It follows that the motion to correct the record by striking the amendment was rightly sustained.
Motion to strike appellee’s amendment to abstract is overruled. — Affirmed.