Cochran v. Ogletree, 536 S.E.2d 194 (Ga. Ct. App. 2000). · Go Syfert
Cochran v. Ogletree, 536 S.E.2d 194 (Ga. Ct. App. 2000). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“duty to pay the value for the benefit in unjust enrichment is analogous to quantum meruit in that the duty to pay arises out of the receipt of the benefit accepted ... uantum meruit, unlike unjust enrichment, relies upon an implied promise of compensation”
37 citation events (32 in the last 25 years) across 5 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Jones v. White (gactapp, 2011-10-04)
Treatment trajectory · 2000 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2000 2013 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 18 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Jones v. White (2×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 2011 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
pjrinciple of unjust enrichment . . . gave rise to the duty for the plaintiff to pay to the defendants the value of the services and expenses incurred, because the plaintiff received some benefit.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Brown v. Penland Const. Co., Inc. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
Ga. · 2007 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
duty to pay the value for the benefit in unjust enrichment is analogous to quantum meruit in that the duty to pay arises out of the receipt of the benefit accepted ... uantum meruit, unlike unjust enrichment, relies upon an implied promise of compensation
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States Securities and Exchange Commission v. Drive Planning, LLC
N.D. Ga. · 2025 · confidence medium
Defendants thus allegedly profited by receiving money paid in by other investors.”). for unjust enrichment, which can be brought ‘when there has been a benefit conferred which would result in an unjust enrichment unless compensated.’” Id. (quoting Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 538 (Ga. Ct. App. 2000)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kittrell v. Allen
N.D. Ga. · 2025 · confidence medium
The vehicle through which Plaintiffs are seeking relief is a claim for unjust enrichment, which can be brought “when there has been a benefit conferred which would result in an unjust enrichment unless compensated.” Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 538 (2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Akkad Holdings, LLC v. Trapollo, LLC
N.D. Ga. · 2021 · confidence medium
Similarly, “unjust enrichment is only available in the absence of an enforceable contract.” Goldstein, 609 F. Supp. 2d at 1347 ; Cochran v. Ogletree, 536 S.E.2d 194, 196 (Ga. Ct. App. 2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Christopher Middleton v. International Business Machines Corporation
11th Cir. · 2019 · confidence medium
Cochran v. Ogletree, 536 S.E.2d 194, 197 (Ga. Ct. App. 2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Georgia Department of Community Health v. Data Inquiry, LLC
Ga. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 539 (1) ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) TracFone Wireless, Inc. v. Zip Wireless Products, Inc. (2×)
N.D. Ga. · 2010 · confidence medium
“The theory of unjust enrichment applies when there is no legal contract and when there has been a benefit conferred which would result in an unjust enrichment unless compensated.” Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga.App. 537, 538-39, 536 S.E.2d 194, 196 (2000); see also Smith v. McClung, 215 Ga.App. 786, 789 , 452 S.E.2d 229, 232 (1994).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mitchell v. Ford Motor Credit Co.
M.D. Fla. · 2010 · confidence medium
Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga.App. 537 , 536 S.E.2d 194, 197 (2000); accord United Techs.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Watts v. City of Dillard
Ga. Ct. App. · 2008 · confidence medium
“An action for money had and received is a legal action, founded upon the equitable principle that no one ought to unjustly enrich himself at the expense of another, and it is a substitute for an equity action.” Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 539 (1) ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Savage v. KGE Associates Ltd. Partnership
Ga. Ct. App. · 2003 · confidence medium
With regard to unjust enrichment, see Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 538 (1) ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000) (theory of unjust enrichment applies when there is no legal contract).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Smith Service Oil Co., Inc. v. Parker
Ga. Ct. App. · 2001 · confidence medium
Co., 149 Ga. App. 404 ( 254 SE2d 517 ) (1979). 9 Compare Haehn v. Alheit, 212 Ga. App. 252, 254 (3) ( 441 SE2d 529 ) (1994) (risk of loss of collateral and risk of having to pay debts by virtue of executing guarantee constituted evidence that plaintiff suffered a detriment). 10 OCGA § 9-11-10 (c). 11 Bitterman v. Emory Univ., 175 Ga. App. 348, 349 (2) ( 333 SE2d 378 ) (1985). 12 He sought to dismiss the entire complaint, but limited his argument to the breach of contract claim. 13 Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 538-539 (1) ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000). 14 See generally Gould v. Gould, 240 …
cited Cited as authority (rule) Kwickie/Flash Foods, Inc. v. Lakeside Petroleum, Inc.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2000 · confidence medium
Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 538 (1) ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000); Zampatti v. Tradebank Intl.
discussed Cited "see" Phillips v. Adams, Jordan & Herrington, P.C. (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cochran v. Ogletree , 244 Ga. App. 537 , 539-540 (1), 536 S.E.2d 194 (2000) (where contract was void for vagueness, no binding contract ever came into existence, but party who rendered benefits under the contract under the good faith assumption of a valid contract was entitled to quantum meruit); see generally *418 Watson v. Sierra Contracting Corp. , 226 Ga. App. 21 , 28 (c), 485 S.E.2d 563 (1997) ("Quantum meruit is not available when there is an express contract; however, if the contract is void, is repudiated, or can only be implied, then quantum meruit will allow a recovery if the wor…
discussed Cited "see" George Phillips v. Adams, Jordan & Herrington, P.C. (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 539-540 (1) ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000) (where contract was void for vagueness, no binding contract ever came into existence, but party who rendered benefits under the contract under the good faith assumption of a valid contract was entitled to quantum meruit); see generally Watson v. Sierra Contracting Corp., 226 Ga. App. 21, 28 (c) ( 485 SE2d 563 ) (1997) (“Quantum meruit is not available when there is an express contract; however, if the contract is void, is repudiated, or can only be implied, then quantum meruit will allow a recovery if the work or …
discussed Cited "see" Terrence Davidson v. Onika Maraj (2×)
11th Cir. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga.App. 537 , 536 S.E.2d 194 , 196-97 *998 (2000); Watson v. Sierra Contracting Corp., 226 Ga.App. 21 , 485 S.E.2d 563, 570 (1997); Lord Jeff Knitting Co., Inc. v. Lacy, 195 Ga.App. 287 , 393 S.E.2d 55, 56 (1990).
discussed Cited "see" McCondichie v. Groover (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See OCGA § 9-2-7.” (Citations omitted.) Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 538-539 (1) ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Telescripps Cable Co. v. Welsh (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2000 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also Cochran v. Ogletree, 244 Ga. App. 537, 540 ( 536 SE2d 194 ) (2000) (OCGA § 13-1-1 does not bar recovery under a balancing of the equities where parties laboring under a mutual mistake of fact).
COCHRAN Et Al.
v.
OGLETREE
A00A1531.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
Jun 21, 2000.
536 S.E.2d 194
Richard D. C. Schrade, Jr., for appellants., William, C. Drosky, for appellee.
Eldridge, Blackburn, Barnes.
Cited by 19 opinions  |  Published
2 passages pin-cited by 2 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 90%
Citer courts: Supreme Court of Georgia (1) · Court of Appeals of Georgia (1)
Eldridge, Judge.

Pamela Ogletree sued Billy Cochran and Gregory D. Reed d/b/a Cochran & Reed on two purported construction contracts that were never performed to recover $55,000 deposited on Contract I and $20,000 deposited on Contract II; the defendants answered and countersued for their losses under Contract I. After a bench trial, the trial court found that plaintiff breached Contract I; that the defendants had damages of $18,003.07 resulting from their good faith part performance of Contract I; that the defendants owed plaintiff a refund of $31,996.93 of unearned funds deposited by the plaintiff on Contract I; and that on Contract II neither party was at fault because of the impossibility of performance, but defendants in good faith[*538] incurred $4,700 in expenses and had to refund $15,300 of the deposited funds of $20,000 to the plaintiff. The defendants appealed the judgment contending that plaintiff was not entitled to any refund under Contract I, because the money was paid voluntarily and that the defendants had no duty to prove their damages. We do not agree and affirm the judgment of the trial court.

1. Defendants’ first contention is that the trial court erred as a matter of law in requiring any refund on Contract I, because plaintiff voluntarily paid the money. We do not agree.

The trial court found that the defendants owed a refund of $31,996.93 of the deposit of $50,000 paid to them by the plaintiff as unearned and unset-off damages sustained by the defendants under Contract I. The trial court never found that these funds were damages, but were the return of deposited funds of the plaintiff.

The purported written Contract I was void for vagueness, because no final plans and drawings had ever been agreed upon as to what would be built. Cherokee Falls Investments v. Smith, 213 Ga. App. 603, 604-605 (1) (445 SE2d 572) (1994); see also Smith v. Bd. of Commrs. &c. of Hall County, 244 Ga. 133, 143-144 (5) (259 SE2d 74) (1979). The application of all the rules of contract construction and parol evidence would not provide detailed plans, drawings, and specifications necessary to calculate the cost that plaintiff would owe and defendants were obligated to build; to determine the cost plus compensation that defendants would receive as consideration; and to obtain a building permit that government would permit to be built. Therefore, the purported contract lacked a definite contract subject, i.e., the drawings and design of the day-care center. Davidson Mineral Properties v. Baird, 260 Ga. 75, 79 (7) (390 SE2d 33) (1990); Sheppard v. Sheppard, 229 Ga. App. 494, 495 (1) (494 SE2d 240) (1997). Thus, the writing was formative in nature only, i.e., a promise to make an agreement. No binding contract ever came into existence, because “[i]t is well settled that an agreement between two parties will occur only when the minds of the parties meet at the same time, upon the same subject-matter, and in the same sense. [Cits.]” Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Nat. Collegiate Athletic Assn., 250 Ga. 391, 395 (297 SE2d 733) (1982); Wilkins v. Butler, 187 Ga. App. 84, 85 (369 SE2d 267) (1988). Thus, this action was miscast and misconstrued by all parties as a breach of contract action, when it was an action for money had and received or unjust enrichment with a counterclaim for quantum meruit.

Here, neither party was bound by an enforceable contract. The theory of unjust enrichment applies when there is no legal contract and when there has been a benefit conferred which would result in an unjust enrichment unless compensated. See OCGA § 9-2-7; Zampatti v. Tradebank Intl. Franchising Corp., 235 Ga. App. 333, 340[*539] (5) (508 SE2d 750) (1998); Smith v. Huckeba, 232 Ga. App. 374, 376 (2) (501 SE2d 877) (1998). Therefore, plaintiff was entitled to recover the money deposited under the invalid agreement, that never ripened into a valid contract, on the basis of money had and received or unjust enrichment. Plaintiff proved such amount and proved her entitlement to its return as a matter of law and fact. See Evans v. Evans, 237 Ga. 549, 553 (228 SE2d 857) (1976); Intl. Indem. Co. v. Bakco Acceptance, 172 Ga. App. 28, 32 (2) (322 SE2d 78) (1984); Barton & Ludwig, Inc. v. Thompson, 170 Ga. App. 187, 188 (316 SE2d 786) (1984); Regional Pacesetters v. Halpern Enterprises, 165 Ga. App. 777, 782 (2) (300 SE2d 180) (1983); City of Commerce v. Duncan & Godfrey, Inc., 157 Ga. App. 337 (277 SE2d 266) (1981).

An action for money had and received is a legal action, founded upon the equitable principle that no one ought to unjustly enrich himself at the expense of another, and it is a substitute for an equity action. It is appropriate where the plaintiff overpays or deposits more than was necessary with another, who has no legal right to retain the money. J. C. Penney Co. v. West, 140 Ga. App. 110, 111-112 (2) (230 SE2d 66) (1976). Such action is based upon the equitable principle that one ought not retain money where one would thereby be unjustly enriched at another’s expense. C & S Nat. Bank v. Youngblood, 135 Ga. App. 638, 639 (219 SE2d 172) (1975). Plaintiff can recover for money had and received only where it appears that the defendants have received money belonging to the plaintiff which, in equity and good conscience, the defendants are not entitled to retain. Id.; James Talcott, Inc. v. Roy D. Warren Commercial, 120 Ga. App. 544, 545 (1) (171 SE2d 907) (1969).

While the trial court found that defendants had a duty to return the funds paid by the plaintiff, the defendants had rendered benefits to the plaintiff, in good faith, under the mutual mistake that there was a valid contract. The trial court found that the expenses and hourly rates for the time worked should be compensated by plaintiff; even though the contract was void, quantum meruit or the principle of unjust enrichment, applied on behalf of the defendants, gave rise to the duty for the plaintiff to pay to the defendants the value of the services and expenses incurred, because the plaintiff received some benefit. Watson v. Sierra Contracting Corp., 226 Ga. App. 21, 28 (485 SE2d 563) (1997) (physical precedent only); White v. Arthur Enterprises, 219 Ga. App. 124 (1) (464 SE2d 225) (1995). Such duty to pay the value for the benefit in unjust enrichment is analogous to quantum meruit in that the duty to pay arises out of the receipt of the benefit accepted by the plaintiff from the defendants. Quantum meruit, unlike unjust enrichment, relies upon an implied promise of compensation. See Yoh v. Daniel, 230 Ga. App. 640, 642-643 (3) (497 SE2d 392) (1998).

[*540] Decided June 21, 2000.

As to the defendants, there was an expectation by the plaintiff that services be rendered at an agreed upon price, and at the time when they were rendered, plaintiff became obligated to pay for the services and expenses rendered on her behalf at her request, even though the written contract was void. OCGA § 9-2-7; Zampatti v. Tradebank Intl. Franchising Corp., supra; Owens v Landscape Perfections, 215 Ga. App. 642 (451 SE2d 495) (1994). “Where an award of money damages is made for unjust enrichment [or quantum meruit], it must be supported by evidence from which it can be determined to a reasonable certainty that the [plaintiff] in fact realized such [gains].” (Citations and punctuation omitted.) White v. Arthur Enterprises, supra at 124 (1). Thus, in support of its counterclaim or set-off for damages, the defendants had the burden of proof, not the plaintiff.

Since both parties labored under a mutual mistake of fact that there was a valid contract and since plaintiff made the deposit with the defendants in belief that such was required under the contract, then OCGA § 13-1-13 has no application, because the money was not due and payable under a void contract. See New York Life Ins. Co. v. Williamson, 53 Ga. App. 28 (184 SE 755) (1936). Where the purpose for which funds were paid failed of accomplishment, the defendants cannot in good conscience retain such money, and the plaintiff is entitled to the return of such money. Broome v. Cavanaugh, 102 Ga. App. 563 (116 SE2d 881) (1960). OCGA § 13-1-13 must be construed with equitable principles governing money had and received. The plaintiff is not barred from recovering such funds, even if the plaintiff was negligent, when the trier of fact determines that the money should be returned; the trial court found that there should be a partial return of the money deposited. Gulf Life Ins. Co. v. Folsom, 256 Ga. 400 (349 SE2d 368) (1986). Here, neither of the parties knew all the facts, because even on appeal both parties believed that there existed a valid contract. See id. The trial court certainly weighed the equities and awarded the defendants all damages shown by the evidence.

Defendants’ contentions that the return of funds were contract damages and that the deposit was voluntarily made lack merit.

2. Defendants’ second enumeration of error lacks citation to either the record or the transcript and fails to give citation to authority. Therefore, under Court of Appeals Rule 27 (c) (2), such enumeration of error is deemed abandoned.

Judgment affirmed.

Blackburn, P. J., and Barnes, J., concur. [*541] Richard D. C. Schrade, Jr., for appellants. William, C. Drosky, for appellee.