Statute treatment: 18 U. S. C. § 23

Ranked leading cases interpreting this statute, drawn from 57 citation events across 54 distinct cases.

57citations total

54distinct interpreting cases

15distinct courts

27citations in last 5y

1943–2025year range

Top 13 leading cases

#1 United States Ex Rel. Marcus v. Hess (1943) scotus 1,055 own cites 2× in case

#2 United States v. Peter E. Clay (2016) ca11 52 own cites 1× in case

#3 Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Bd. (2010) scotus 31 own cites 1× in case

#4 United States v. Ronald Richard Aanerud, Paul Vincent Morinville, and Rhonda Rae Morinville (1990) ca8 10 own cites 2× in case

#5 United States v. Antico (2012) ca2 28 own cites 1× in case

#6 Vickers Associates, Ltd. v. Urice (In Re Jaritz Industries, Ltd.) (1997) vid 14 own cites 1× in case

#7 Vickers Associates, Ltd. v. Urice (1997) vid 7 own cites 1× in case

#8 United States v. Richard Shaffer (2015) ca8 3 own cites 2× in case

#9 Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Co. Accounting Oversight Board (2010) scotus 23 own cites 1× in case

#10 United States v. Matthews (2014) dcd 3 own cites 1× in case

#11 Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Co. Accounting Oversight Board (2010) scotus 8 own cites 1× in case

#12 United States v. Hodge (1999) vid 2 own cites 1× in case

#13 United States v. Santore (1960) ca2 1 own cites 1× in case

Ranking method: leading_score = ln(1 + own_citation_count) × √(mentions_in_case) × flag_factor, where flag_factor = 1.0 green · 0.6 unknown · 0.5 neutral · 0.4 yellow · 0.3 procedural · 0 red. Red-flagged cases excluded — their interpretation has been undermined and shouldn't lead the list. Top 20 returned per statute. Open any case for full G Cite, trajectory, and per-circuit treatment.