Statute treatment: 47 U.S.C. § 231

Ranked leading cases interpreting this statute, drawn from 170 citation events across 43 distinct cases.

170citations total

43distinct interpreting cases

27distinct courts

10citations in last 5y

1999–2025year range

Top 20 leading cases

#1 American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft (2003) ca3 63 own cites 20× in case

#2 Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union (2004) scotus 412 own cites 9× in case

#3 American Civil Liberties Union v. Gonzales (2007) paed 12 own cites 38× in case

#4 American Civil Liberties Union v. Reno (2000) ca3 59 own cites 12× in case

#5 American Civil Liberties Union v. Mukasey (2008) ca3 77 own cites 7× in case

#6 American Civil Liberties Union v. Reno (1999) paed 33 own cites 5× in case

#7 Gonzales v. Google, Inc. (2006) ncd 72 own cites 3× in case

#8 Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc. (2009) ca9 154 own cites 2× in case

#9 Perfect 10, Inc. v. Cybernet Ventures, Inc. (2002) cacd 51 own cites 2× in case

#10 Free Speech Coalition, Inc. v. Paxton (2025) scotus 21 own cites 3× in case

#11 People v. Hsu (2000) calctapp 42 own cites 2× in case

#12 United States Telecom Assoc. v. FCC [Order In Slip Opinion Format] (2017) cadc 32 own cites 2× in case

#13 Simmons v. State (2006) fla 27 own cites 2× in case

#14 Bradburn v. North Central Regional Library District (2010) wash 46 own cites 1× in case

#15 PSINet, Inc. v. Chapman (2001) vawd 14 own cites 2× in case

#16 State v. Sunderland (2007) haw 13 own cites 2× in case

#17 Int'l Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump (2018) mdd 27 own cites 1× in case

#18 Richmond Medical Center for Women v. Gilmore (1999) vaed 26 own cites 1× in case

#19 Gucci America, Inc. v. Hall & Associates (2001) nysd 23 own cites 1× in case

#20 Bradburn v. NORTH CENT. REGIONAL LIBRARY (2010) wash 44 own cites 1× in case

Ranking method: leading_score = ln(1 + own_citation_count) × √(mentions_in_case) × flag_factor, where flag_factor = 1.0 green · 0.6 unknown · 0.5 neutral · 0.4 yellow · 0.3 procedural · 0 red. Red-flagged cases excluded — their interpretation has been undermined and shouldn't lead the list. Top 20 returned per statute. Open any case for full G Cite, trajectory, and per-circuit treatment.