Statute treatment: C.F.R. § 431.244

Ranked leading cases interpreting this statute, drawn from 112 citation events across 43 distinct cases.

112citations total

43distinct interpreting cases

24distinct courts

23citations in last 5y

1980–2024year range

Top 20 leading cases

#1 Shakhnes Ex Rel. Shakhnes v. Berlin (2012) ca2 60 own cites 21× in case

#2 Persico v. Maher (1983) conn 102 own cites 2× in case

#3 Ortiz v. Eichler (1985) ded 35 own cites 3× in case

#4 Melissa Wilson v. Darin Gordon (2016) ca6 56 own cites 2× in case

#5 Shakhnes Ex Rel. Shakhnes v. Eggleston (2010) nysd 13 own cites 4× in case

#6 Edward Withrow Janelle Roberts v. Kevin Concannon Freddye Webb-Petett (1991) ca9 35 own cites 2× in case

#7 Lisnitzer v. Zucker (2020) ca2 11 own cites 4× in case

#8 Grier v. Goetz (2005) tnmd 6 own cites 5× in case

#9 Gomolisky v. Davis (1999) indctapp 9 own cites 3× in case

#10 Meachem v. Wing (1999) nysd 9 own cites 2× in case

#11 Shifflett v. Kozlowski (1994) vawd 2 own cites 6× in case

#12 Daniels v. Wadley (1996) tnmd 13 own cites 1× in case

#13 Albert S. v. Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (2006) mdctspecapp 10 own cites 1× in case

#14 Anthony Givens v. Muriel Bowser (2024) cadc 9 own cites 1× in case

#15 Mikel v. Gourley (1991) ca8 7 own cites 1× in case

#16 Menking v. Daines (2012) nysd 3 own cites 2× in case

#17 Olson v. Wing (2003) nyed 4 own cites 1× in case

#18 Fishman ex rel. Fishman v. Paolucci (2015) ca2 4 own cites 1× in case

#19 Mikel v. Gourley (1991) ca8 13 own cites 1× in case

#20 Egan v. Davis (1997) ca7 5 own cites 1× in case

Ranking method: leading_score = ln(1 + own_citation_count) × √(mentions_in_case) × flag_factor, where flag_factor = 1.0 green · 0.6 unknown · 0.5 neutral · 0.4 yellow · 0.3 procedural · 0 red. Red-flagged cases excluded — their interpretation has been undermined and shouldn't lead the list. Top 20 returned per statute. Open any case for full G Cite, trajectory, and per-circuit treatment.