Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trs., 464 A.2d 894 (Del. 1983). · Go Syfert
Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trs., 464 A.2d 894 (Del. 1983). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
27 citation events (4 in the last 25 years) across 12 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Richardson v. Board of Pension Trustees (del, 2017-08-29)
Treatment trajectory · 1986 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1986 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 18 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Richardson v. Board of Pension Trustees
Del. · 2017 · confidence medium
Ba'. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 895-96 (Del. 1983). 19 Because of this determination, we need not address the reasonable-expectation and avoidance- of-injustice prongs of the estoppel analysis 8 the trier of its merit.”20 For the reasons previously stated, the Board’s rejection of Richardson’s testimony relating to reliance Was not an abuse of discretion and was well Within the bounds of reason.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Richardson v. Board of Pension Trustees
Del. Super. Ct. · 2016 · confidence medium
Nov. 19, 1997) (holding the State administratively estopped when the plaintiff relied upon representations made by an employee of OPEN who “expressly” informed him that he could continue working part-time and doing so would not prohibit him from receiving pension benefits based upon his full-time salary). 14 Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 895-96 (Del. 1983). 15 Id. at 896 . 9 and free from legal error.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Taylor v. City of Gadsden
N.D. Ala. · 2013 · confidence medium
Sys., 21 Cal.3d 859 , 148 Cal. Rptr. 158, 161 , 582 P.2d 614, 617 (1978) (en banc) (stating that the right to a “substantial” or “reasonable” pension accrues on first day of employment); Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.1983) (explaining that rights accrue when vesting occurs); Singer v. City of Topeka, 227 Kan. 356 , 607 P.2d 467, 475 (1980) (similar to Petras, but adding that rights remain subject to “reasonable modification”); Sylvestre v. State, 298 Minn. 142 , 214 N.W.2d 658, 666-67 (1973) (taking the position that an employee’s rights accrue o…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Transport Workers Union of America, Local 290 v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority
3rd Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Kestler v. Board of Trustees of North Carolina Local Governmental Employees' Retirement System, 48 F.3d 800, 804 (4th Cir.1995) (no contract rights prior to retirement); Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.1983) (rights not subject to change after conditions for vesting under terms of plan satisfied); State of Nevada Employees Assoc., Inc. v. Keating, 903 F.2d 1223, 1227 (9th Cir.1990) (all employees have contract rights "subject to reasonable modification"); Oregon State Police Officers' Ass'n v. State of Oregon, 323 Or. 356 , 918 P.2d 765, 773 (1996) (c…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Local 290 v. SEPTA
3rd Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
See, e.g. , Kestler v. North Carolina Local Gov't Employees' Retirement System, 48 F.3d 800 , 804 (4th Cir. 1995) (no contract rights prior to retirement); Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del. 1983) (rights not subject to change after conditions for vesting under terms of plan satisfied); State of Nevada Employees Assoc., Inc. v. Keating, 903 F.2d 1223, 1227 (9th Cir. 1990) (all employees have contract rights "subject to reasonable modification"); Oregon State Police Officers' Ass'n v. Oregon, 918 P.2d 765, 773 (Or. 1996) (contract formed "on acceptance of employmen…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Transport Workers Union of America ex rel. Fabio v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority
3rd Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Kestler v. Board of Trustees of North Carolina Local Governmental Employees’ Retirement System, 48 F.3d 800, 804 (4th Cir.1995) (no contract rights prior to retirement); Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.1983) (rights not subject to change after conditions for vesting under terms of plan satisfied); State of Nevada Employees Assoc., Inc. v. Keating, 903 F.2d 1223, 1227 (9th Cir.1990) (all employees have contract rights “subject to reasonable modification”); Oregon State Police Officers’ Ass’n v. State of Oregon, 323 Or. 356 , 918 P.2d 765, 773…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Parker v. Wakelin
D. Me. · 1996 · confidence medium
Petras, 464 A.2d at 896 (collecting cases); Baker v. Oklahoma Firefighters Pension & Ret.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McGrath v. RI Retirement Board
1st Cir. · 1996 · confidence medium
Sys., 582 P.2d 614, 617 (Cal. 1978) (en _____________________________ banc) (stating that the right to a "substantial" or "reasonable" pension accrues on first day of employment); Petras v. State Bd. ______ _________ of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del. 1983) (explaining ____________________ that rights accrue when vesting occurs); Singer v. City of ______ ________ Topeka, 607 P.2d 467, 475 (Kan. 1980) (similar to Petras, but ______ ______ adding that rights remain subject to "reasonable modification"); Sylvestre v. State, 214 N.W.2d 658, 666-67 (Minn. 1973) (taking _________ _____ the…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McGrath v. Rhode Island Retirement Board
1st Cir. · 1996 · confidence medium
Sys., 21 Cal.3d 859 , 148 Cal.Rptr. 158, 161 , 582 P.2d 614, 617 (1978) (en banc) (stating that the right to a “substantial” or “reasonable” pension accrues on first day of employment); Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A2d 894, 896 (Del.1983) (explaining that rights accrue when vesting occurs); Singer v. City of Topeka, 227 Kan. 356 , 607 P.2d 467, 475 (1980) (similar to Petras, but adding that rights remain subject to “reasonable modification”); Sylvestre v. State, 298 Minn. 142 , 214 N.W.2d 658, 666-67 (1973) (taking the position that an employee’s rights accrue on …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Spiller v. State (2×)
Me. · 1993 · confidence medium
Employees Retirement Sys., 21 Cal.3d 859 , 148 Cal.Rptr. 158 , 582 P.2d 614, 617 (1978) (contractual right accrues on acceptance of employment) with Singer v. City of Topeka, 227 Kan. 356 , 607 P.2d 467, 474 (Kan.1980) (employee acquires contract right in pension plan after "[c]ontinued employment over a reasonable period of time during which substantial services are furnished to the employer, plan membership is maintained, and regular contributions into the fund are made"); Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.1983) (contract arises once pension vests, meaning eligi…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Alldredge v. Oklahoma Firefighters Pension & Retirement Board
Okla. Civ. App. · 1991 · confidence medium
In Baker, 718 P.2d at 352 , the Court recited with approval an opinion by the Delaware Supreme Court, Petras v. State Board of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.1983), which stated: Grant held that there was no protected interest in a statutory benefit if the statute was repealed prior to its effective date, and that such future benefits could lawfully be adjusted or eliminated.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) BD. OF TRUSTEES OF POLICE PENSION v. Weed
Okla. · 1986 · confidence medium
Police Pension & Relief Bd. of the City & County of Denver v. McPhail, 139 Colo. 330 , 338 P.2d 694, 699 (1959); Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.Super.Ct. 1983); Wehmeier v. Public School Retirement System of Mo., 631 S.W.2d 893 (Mo.Ct.App.1982); Board of Trustees of the Police Pension and Retirement System of the City of Tulsa v. Kern, 366 P.2d 415, 418 (Okla.1961); Bakenhus v. City of Seattle, 48 Wash.2d 695 , 296 P.2d 536, 538 (1956); see also 60 Am.Jur.2d Pension & Retirement Funds § 47 (1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Baker v. Oklahoma Firefighters Pension and Retirement System (2×)
Okla. · 1986 · confidence medium
Petras v. State Board of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.1983).
cited Cited "see" State ex rel. Horvath v. State Teachers Retirement Board
Ohio · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees (Del.1983), 464 A.2d 894, 896 .
cited Cited "see" State ex rel. Horvath v. State Teachers Retirement Bd.
Ohio · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees (Del.1983), 464 A.2d 894, 896 .
cited Cited "see, e.g." Parker v. Wakelin
1st Cir. · 1997 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del.1983) (rights vest upon completion of minimum service requirement); Baker v. Oklahoma Firefighters Pension & Ret.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Parker v. Wakelin
1st Cir. · 1997 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Petras v. State Bd. of Pension Trustees, 464 A.2d 894, 896 (Del. 1983) (rights vest upon completion of minimum service requirement); Baker v. Oklahoma Firefighters Pension & Ret.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Opinion No. (1996)
Okla. Att’y Gen. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
Woods, 845 P.2d at 883 ; see also Baker, 718 P.2d at 352 ( Petras, 464 A.2d at 896 citing Dineen, 409 A.2d at 1259 ). ¶ 22 Minimum service statutes describe what can be referred to as an express "provision in a retirement plan whereby the member's right to a benefit becomes effective upon fulfillment of specified qualifying conditions, such as service for a certain period of time, which right is not forfeited by separation from service prior to the prescribed age for retirement." Kraus v. Board of Trustees, 390 N.E.2d 1281 , 1284 (Ill.App.Ct. 1979).
Frank A. PETRAS, Plaintiff Below, Appellant,
v.
STATE BOARD OF PENSION TRUSTEES, Et Al., Defendants Below, Appellees
Supreme Court of Delaware.
Jul 28, 1983.
464 A.2d 894
Sheldon N. Sandler, Young, Conaway, Stargatt & Taylor, Wilmington, for appellant., Roger A. Brown, Deputy Atty. Gen., Wilmington, for appellees.
Herrmann, Horsey, Moore.
Cited by 23 opinions  |  Published
MOORE, Justice:

Frank A. Petras, a retired school teacher, appeals an order of the Superior Court upholding a decision of the State Board of Pension Trustees that Petras had no right to receive, for purposes of determining his pension eligibility or benefits, free credit for time spent teaching in other states. We hold that until his pension rights vested, the “free credit” provision could be amended or eliminated by the General Assembly. Accordingly, we affirm.

I.

Prior to July 1964, Petras had taught school in other states for three years and eight months. When he came to Delaware in 1964 the state pension law permitted teachers to receive up to four years credit for out-of-state “professional educational employment”, 29 Del.C. § 5530 (1962), in establishing the 30 years of service necessary for pension eligibility. To receive a pension under the law then in effect, one had to have either 30 years of service, or be more than 60 years old with 15 years of service. 29 Del.C. §§ 5501, 5521(a) (1953). The maximum benefit was $250 per month, offset by 50 percent of one’s monthly Social Security benefit. That plan was noncontributory.

In 1966, the General Assembly amended the pension laws. 55 Del.Laws c. 348. In effect, the free credit was repealed, and credit for non-Delaware employment was available only upon payment to the newly-created State Employees’ Retirement Fund of an amount equal to 5 percent of one’s monthly salary for each month for which credit was sought, i.e., a “buy-in” provision. Id. at § 3. The amendments also (1) increased the maximum monthly benefit to $500; (2) made the plan contributory with 5 percent of one’s salary going to the Fund; and (3) gave an employee, who was in covered employment on or before June 30, 1966, an option to elect either the benefits available at the time of retirement or those provided before June 30,1966.

Four years later, the plan was revised in its entirety. 57 Del.Laws c. 592. The maximum monthly benefit was increased to $1,000, and the new law permitted the vesting of pension rights after 20 years of credited service. However, the earlier option to elect pre-1966 benefits was eliminated. Subsequent amendments removed the maximum benefit limit for service after 1976 and reduced the vesting period to 10 years. 60 Del.Laws c. 483. See also Murphy v. Board of Pension Trustees, Del.Supr., 442 A.2d 950 (1982).

Throughout this period Petras remained employed by a Delaware school district. When he retired in July 1980, he sought to receive a pension calculated under the law in existence in 1980, but he also wanted the free credit for his out-of-state service, formerly permitted by the repealed 1964 law. His request was denied by the Pension Administrator, a decision that was affirmed by the Board. Petras then paid, “under protest,” almost $4,200 in order to “buy-in” credit for his non-Delaware service pursuant to the law in effect in 1980.

II.

A.

Petras’ principal argument is that he has an enforceable right to the free credit provided in the 1964 law. Thus, as the argument goes, the State is bound to give him such credit. Under Delaware law, however, his claim has no merit.

Though in some states pension plans for public employees are not held to create any contractual rights in the plan [see, e.g., Bergin v. Board of Trustees, 31 Ill.2d 566, 202 N.E.2d 489 (1964) ], it is clear that in Delaware pension laws are a form of contract between the State and its employees. In re State Employees’ Pension Plan, Del.Supr., 364 A.2d 1228 (1976); Dorsey v. State ex rel. Mulrine, Del.Supr., 283 A.2d 834 (1971). Whether one has contractual rights in a state pension plan depends on[*896] when the contract came into existence, and assuming there is a contract, the circumstances under which it can be modified.

In State Employees’ Pension Plan this Court ruled that vested contractual rights were held by those employees and former employees who satisfied the eligibility requirements for a pension, i.e., a pension contract exists when the pension is vested. 364 A.2d at 1235. Although the Court did not consider whether contractual rights inured to employees, whose pensions had not yet vested, this issue was resolved in Grant v. Nellius, Del.Supr., 377 A.2d 354 (1977). That decision, construing the right to a cost-of-living allowance, described State Employees’ Pension Plan as being based on the premise that those who participate in a pension plan acquire contractual rights upon fulfillment of the eligibility requirements. 377 A.2d at 357. See also State ex rel. State Board of Pension Trustees v. Dineen, Del.Ch., 409 A.2d 1256, 1259 (1979) (pension vests upon completion of minimum period of credited service). Furthermore, Grant held that there was no protected interest in a statutory benefit if the statute was repealed prior to its effective date, and that such future benefits could lawfully be adjusted or eliminated. The import of these cases is that pension rights may be changed at any time before they become vested.

Thus, it is clear that no contract exists between an employee and the State, concerning the state pension plan, unless and until the pension vests. This result is consistent with that reached in other jurisdictions. See, e.g., Police Pension and Relief Board v. McPhail, 139 Colo. 330, 338 P.2d 694 (1959); City of Jacksonville Beach v. State, Fla.Supr., 151 So.2d 430 (1963); Hickey v. Pension Board, 378 Pa. 300, 106 A.2d 233 (1954). See also 60 Am.Jur.2d Pensions & Retirement Funds § 49, at 920-21; § 55, at 929-30 (1972). Because in 1964 the period for vesting of pensions was 30 years, Petras, who had only completed two years service before the free credit provision was changed, had no vested right in that provision or, for that matter, in the plan as a whole. The General Assembly’s modification of the pension plan, therefore, did not violate any contractual right.

B.

Petras next contends that the State is estopped from denying him free credit for his out-of-state service because he relied on the 1964 pension law in coming to Delaware. He asserts that during a period in the early 1960’s, when there was a shortage of teachers, the State was attempting to persuade qualified and experienced educators to come to Delaware. To do so, he argues, the State held out as an inducement the prospect of being able to apply four years of out-of-state service toward pension eligibility.

There is no record support whatever for an argument about the inequity of Pe-tras’ pension status, purportedly resulting from an alleged expectation of receiving the free credit. Certainly, “the fundamental intent and purpose of a public Pension Plan is to encourage individuals to enter and remain in public service by arranging for a pension which, by fulfillment of specified eligibility requirements,” may become the employee’s property as a matter of right upon leaving the State’s employ. State Employees’ Pension Plan, 364 A.2d at 1235. See also Fraternal Order of Firemen v. Shaw, Del.Supr., 196 A.2d 734, 736 (1963). However, there is no evidence that the General Assembly included the free credit provision in the 1964 law with the specific intent of attracting out-of-state teachers to Delaware. In addition, there is no evidence that Petras accepted a teaching position here based upon a material assurance from anyone in authority that, almost 20 years later, he would be entitled to free credit for his non-Delaware teaching experience. Compare O’Neill v. Division of Pensions, 178 N.J.Super. 211, 428 A.2d 562 (1981); Tubridy v. Consolidated Police & Firemen’s Pension Fund Comm’n, 84 N.J.Super. 257, 201 A.2d 736 (1964). Thus, Petras’ claim of estoppel must fail. E.g., Commissioners of [*897] Lewes v. Blankenburg, Del.Ch., 161 A.2d 424 (1960).

C.

Finally, Petras argues that the free credit provision was a severable portion of the pension plan and that the 1966 amendment to the pension law was not intended to be retroactive. Our consideration of these contentions is inherent from the foregoing analysis of the law. As is apparent from our discussion, we find such arguments to be without merit.

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AFFIRMED.