Wayne Anthony Gardiner v. United States of Am., Ernesto Gutierrez-Silva v. United States of Am., Kevin Beal v. United States, 114 F.3d 734 (8th Cir. 1997). · Go Syfert
Wayne Anthony Gardiner v. United States of Am., Ernesto Gutierrez-Silva v. United States of Am., Kevin Beal v. United States, 114 F.3d 734 (8th Cir. 1997). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
73 citation events (35 in the last 25 years) across 15 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Hunter v. United States (moed, 2023-07-24)
Treatment trajectory · 1997 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1997 2011 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 34 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hunter v. United States (2×) also: Cited "see"
E.D. Mo. · 2023 · confidence medium
Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) PAUL v. SUPERINTENDENT
S.D. Ind. · 2022 · confidence medium
The government argues that the Court has "'broad and flexible power in correcting invalid convictions and sentences.'" Dkt. 272 at 14 (quoting Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997)); see 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (b) ("[T]he court shall vacate and set the judgment aside and shall discharge the prisoner or resentence him or grant a new trial or correct the sentence as may appear appropriate.").
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Brown
1st Cir. · 2022 · confidence medium
Alton, 120 F.3d at 116 (quoting Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Winters v. United States
D.S.D. · 2019 · confidence medium
When relief under § 2255 is granted, the Court is required to “vacate and set the judgment aside and shall discharge the prisoner or resentence him or grant a new trial or correct the sentence as may appear appropriate.” Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 2255 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jeffrey Ritchison
8th Cir. · 2018 · confidence medium
Gardiner , 114 F.3d at 736 ("[T]he only reason resentencing is even at issue ... is because the § 924(c) sentences were intertwined with the drug trafficking sentences in the original proceedings."); Harrison , 113 F.3d at 137-38 ( § 924(c) conviction and drug conviction were interdependent for purposes of sentencing, and thus "the terms of imprisonment imposed on the gun and drug convictions constitute a 'sentence' within the meaning of § 2255").
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State of Minnesota v. Scott James Boorman
Minn. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
In State v. Hutchins, we determined that sentencing is a “package” and when “a defendant ‘attacks a portion of a judgment, he is 4 reopening the entire judgment and cannot selectively craft the manner in which the court corrects that judgment.’” 856 N.W.2d 281, 285 (Minn. App. 2014) (quoting Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997)), cert. dismissed as improvidently granted, 866 N.W.2d 905 (Minn. 2015).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Martin v. United States
W.D. Mo. · 2015 · confidence medium
Movant accurately states that the Court has “broad and flexible power in correcting invalid convictions or sentences.” Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.1997).
cited Cited as authority (rule) State of Minnesota v. Martin David Hutchins, Jr.
Minn. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.1997) (citing United States v. Smith, 103 F.3d 531, 534 (7th Cir.1996)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Harris v. United States
S.D. Iowa · 2010 · confidence medium
The court has “broad and flexible power in correcting invalid convictions and sentences.” Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.1997). 6 An appropriate remedy in this case is to allow Harris to reconsider and accept the offer to plead to 100 grams of cocaine base.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Hernandez
N.D. Iowa · 2006 · confidence medium
On the other hand, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals has explained that “[s]ection 2255 affords the court broad and flexible power in correcting invalid convictions or sentences.” Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.1997) (citing Andrews v. United States, 373 U.S. 334, 339 , 83 S.Ct. 1236 , 10 L.Ed.2d 383 (1963)); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137 (8th Cir.1997). 11 More specifically, “[a] remedy that seems appropriate is to put § 2255 defendants in the same position as defendants on direct appeal by permitting resentencing, and to impose a sentence that w…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Monroe Evans, Also Known as Ty, Also Known as Daddy (2×)
8th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
Under the Guidelines, “a multi-count sentence is a package and severing part of the total sentence usually will unbundle it.” Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.1997) (quotation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Monroe Evans
8th Cir. · 2002 · confidence medium
Under the Guidelines, “a multi-count sentence is a package and severing part of the total sentence usually will unbundle it.” Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997) (quotation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Watkins (2×)
11th Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
Cir.), cert. denied, 118 S.Ct. 431 (1997); United States v. Smith, 115 F.3d 241 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 118 S.Ct. 315 (1997); Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-36 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, Guitierrez-Silva v. U.S., 118 S.Ct. 318 (1997)(multi-count sentence is a “package,” and any attack on one count is an attack on the bottom line sentence); United States v. Rodriguez, 114 F.3d 46 , 48 n.6 (5th Cir. 1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137 (8th Cir. 1997); United States v. Davis, 112 F.3d 118, 122-23 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 118 S.Ct. 224 (1997); United States v. R…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Watkins (2×)
11th Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
United States v. Honda, 122 F.3d 690, 691-92 (9th Cir.1997), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 869 , 139 L.Ed.2d 766 (1998); United States v. Mendoza, 118 F.3d 707 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 393 , 139 L.Ed.2d 307 (1997); United States v. Morris, 116 F.3d 501 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 431 , 139 L.Ed.2d 331 (1997); United States v. Smith, 115 F.3d 241 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 315 , 139 L.Ed.2d 244 (1997); Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-36 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, Gutierrez-Silva v. U.S., - U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 318 , 139 L…
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. James Alton
8th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-36 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137 (8th Cir.1997).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. James Alton
8th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-36 (8th Cir. 1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137 (8th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" Perry v. United States
E.D. Mo. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. U.S., 114 F.3d 734, 735-737 (8th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" Johnson v. United States
E.D. Mo. · 2023 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner, 114 F.3d at 735-737 .
cited Cited "see" Williams v. United States
E.D. Mo. · 2022 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-37 (8th Cir. 1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137-39 (8th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Wakinyan McArthur
8th Cir. · 2017 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Wakinyan McArthur
8th Cir. · 2016 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Phillip Alonzo Jones
8th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 923 , 118 S.Ct. 318 , 139 L.Ed.2d 246 (1997); Pasquarille v. United States, 130 F.3d 1220, 1222-23 (6th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" United States of America v. Calvin Cornelius Edwards
8th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734 (8th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Calvin Edwards
8th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734 (8th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom.
cited Cited "see" United States v. John D. Behler
8th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 118 S.Ct. 318 , 139 L.Ed.2d 246 (1997).
cited Cited "see" Eric Moore v. United States
8th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 318 (1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 138 (8th Cir. 1997).
discussed Cited "see" Eric A. Moore v. United States
8th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 736 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 318 , 139 L.Ed.2d 246 (1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 138 (8th Cir.1997). *1136 Moore’s preconceived concerns of vindictiveness do not allow us to ignore our prior binding precedent, which we lack the authority to reconsider.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Alinzo M. Paige
8th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-36 (8th Cir. 1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137-39 (8th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Alinzo M. Paige
8th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-36 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137-39 (8th Cir.1997).
cited Cited "see" UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. William Scott BARRON, Jr., Defendant-Appellant
9th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d at 734, 736 (8th Cir.1997).
discussed Cited "see" Terry T. Barrett v. United States
8th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-37 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137-38 (8th Cir.1997). 2 Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court. 1 The Honorable Fernando J.
cited Cited "see" Terry T. Barrett v. United States
8th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-37 (8th -2- Cir. 1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135 , 137- 38 (8th Cir. 1997).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Dominic Blackshiers
8th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-37 (8th Cir. 1997); -2- United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137-38 (8th Cir. 1997).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Dominic Blackshiers
8th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Gardiner v. United States, 114 F.3d 734, 735-37 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137-38 (8th Cir.1997). 2 Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court. 1 The Honorable Jean C.
Wayne Anthony GARDINER, Appellee,
v.
UNITED STATES of America, Appellant; Ernesto GUTIERREZ-SILVA, Appellee, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellant; Kevin BEAL, Appellee, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellant
96-2482, 96-2530 and 96-2626.
Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
May 27, 1997.
114 F.3d 734
Douglas R. Peterson, First Assistant U.S. Attorney, Minneapolis, MN, argued (David L. Lillehaug, on the brief), for appellant., Scott F. TUsen, Assistant Federal Defender, Minneapolis, MN, argued (Virginia G. Villa, on the brief), for appellees.
Wollman, Beam, Laughery.
Cited by 47 opinions  |  Published
BEAM, Circuit Judge.

These consolidated appeals present the question whether, in an action under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, a district court has authority to resentence a prisoner on a drug trafficking conviction after vacating a related conviction for using a firearm in relation to a drug offense in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). We hold that the court has such authority.

I. BACKGROUND

In unrelated cases, Gardiner, GutierrezrSilva, and Beal (petitioners) were charged in multi-count indictments with drug trafficking charges. Each was also charged with using a firearm in relation to a drug trafficking offense, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). Petitioners were all convicted of both the drug and weapons charges. Convictions under § 924(c) carry a mandatory five-year term of imprisonment, which must run consecutive to any sentences for related convictions. In each ease, the sentencing courts determined sentences for the drug trafficking charges in accordance with the United States Sentencing Guidelines. Under the Guidelines, a defendant convicted of a drug trafficking offense is subject to a two-level enhancement of the base offense level if he is found to have possessed a dangerous weapon. U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 2Dl.l(b)(l) (1995). However, if the defendant is also convicted of a § 924(c) firearms charge, the Guidelines prohibit application of the § 2Dl.l(b)(l) enhancement because this would constitute “double-counting” the same conduct. U.S.S.G. § 2K2.4, comment, (n. 2).

After petitioners had begun to serve their sentences, the United States Supreme Court held in Bailey v. United States that a conviction under § 924(c) requires a showing of “active employment of the firearm by the defendant ... that makes the firearm an operative factor in relation to the predicate offense.” — U.S.-,-, 116 S.Ct. 501, 505, 138 L.Ed.2d 472 (1995). Petitioners then brought habeas corpus actions, claiming that the standard announced in Bailey rendered their § 924(c) convictions invalid. The district court determined that Bailey required the convictions to be vacated (the petitioners’ habeas actions were considered by the same judge below). The government moved for resentencing on petitioners’ drug convictions, arguing that with the § 924(c) convictions vacated, nothing prevented application of the § 2Dl.l(b)(l) weapon enhancement. The district court concluded that it lacked authority to resentence petitioners on the drug trafficking charges. The government appeals.

II. DISCUSSION

These eases are the latest in a series dealing with the application of Bailey to defendants convicted on § 924(c) charges prior to the Supreme Court’s decision in that ease. In cases before us on direct appeal, we have remanded to the district court for resentencing on the related drug trafficking charges after concluding that Bailey requires a § 924(c) conviction to be vacated. See, e.g., United States v. Roulette, 75 F.3d 418, 426 (8th Cir.1996). The issue in the present appeals is whether the district court may conduct such resentencing after vacating a § 924(c) conviction in a § 2255 habeas action. Another panel of this court recently held that district courts have authority to conduct such resentencing in § 2255 actions, rejecting precisely the same arguments that petitioners in this case advance. United States v. Harrison, 113 F.3d 135, 137-39 (8th Cir.1997). We are, of course, bound by that decision, but in any event reach the same conclusion.

The district court concluded that it had no authority to resentence petitioners on their drug trafficking convictions because their § 2255 actions challenged only the validity of their § 924(c) firearms convictions. The[*736] court reasoned that the § 924(c) convictions were distinct from the unchallenged drug trafficking convictions, and, thus, recalculating the drug trafficking sentences applying the § 2Dl.l(b)(l) enhancement would constitute a sua sponte resentencing. Similarly, petitioners argue that § 2255 provides no basis for the government’s motion for resentencing because the habeas statute allows only persons in custody to seek postconviction relief, not the government. Because they did not challenge their drug convictions, petitioners argue, the district court had no power to. “reopen” the sentences on those charges.

The federal habeas corpus statute provides that when a federal court finds that a judgment was rendered without jurisdiction or is legally infirm, “the court shall vacate and set the judgment aside and shall discharge the prisoner or resentence him or grant a new trial or correct the sentence as may appear appropriate.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Section 2255 affords the court broad and flexible power in correcting invalid convictions or sentences. Andrews v. United States, 373 U.S. 334, 339, 83 S.Ct. 1236, 1239, 10 L.Ed.2d 383 (1963); United States v. Hillary, 106 F.3d 1170, 1171 (4th Cir.1997). The question here is whether that authority extends to recalculating the sentence on one part of a multi-count judgment, when the court has set aside the sentence imposed on another count. We think that it does, and so join the Fourth, Seventh, and Ninth Circuits in holding that a prisoner who brings a § 2255 action to set aside a § 924(e) conviction in light of Bailey may be resentenced on his related drug trafficking conviction. See United States v. Handa, 110 F.3d 42, 44 (9th Cir.1997); Hillary, 106 F.3d at 1173 (4th Cir.1997); United States v. Smith, 103 F.3d 531, 533-35 (7th Cir.1996).

We agree that “a multi-count sentence is a package [and] severing part of the total sentence usually will unbundle it.” Smith, 103 F.3d at 534. When a prisoner is sentenced for multiple related convictions, the sentencing court issues one judgment. That judgment encompasses all of the convictions and discrete “sentences” for specific offenses that, in the aggregate, determine one overall term of custody. “Under the sentencing package concept, when a defendant raises a sentencing issue, he attacks the bottom line.” Id. When a prisoner collaterally attacks a portion of a judgment, he is reopening the entire judgment and cannot selectively craft the manner in which the court corrects that judgment.

Furthermore, the only reason resentencing is even at issue in these cases is because the § 924(c) sentences were intertwined with the drug trafficking sentences in the original proceedings. AH of the petitioners were subject to a § 2D1.1(b)(1) enhancement for their drug trafficking sentences for possession of firearms. This enhancement could not be applied, however, because the § 924(c) conviction already penalized that same conduct. The sentences on these two related counts have always been interdependent, and the judgments so reflected. Because petitioners’ § 924(e) sentences are intertwined with their drug sentences, vacating the § 924(c) convictions without allowing for resentencing on the drug convictions would result in periods of custody based on an erroneous application of the Sentencing Guidelines. This would be inconsistent with both the Guidelines and with § 2255, which directs the court to “correct the sentence as may appear appropriate.”

Petitioners also argue, and the district court concluded, that double jeopardy concerns militate against resentencing. However, “the pronouncement of sentence has never carried the finality that attaches to an acquittal.” United States v. DiFrancesco, 449 U.S. 117, 133, 101 S.Ct. 426, 435, 66 L.Ed.2d 328 (1980). This is particularly true of a resentencing upon appeal. Pennsylvania v. Goldhammer, 474 U.S. 28, 30, 106 S.Ct. 353, 354, 88 L.Ed.2d 183 (1985) (per curiam). In the cases before us, petitioners themselves put their convictions before the court by bringing collateral actions. They cannot claim to have any legitimate expectation of finality in their sentences when they have put their entire judgment, encompassing interdependent sentences, before the court. See Smith, 103 F.3d at 535 (‘When there is an alteration in the components of a sentence, the entire sentence is altered. If[*737] the alteration contains within itself potential for permeating the whole sentence, the entire sentence can be revisited.”) We hold, therefore, that application of the § 2Dl.l(b)(l) adjustment on resentencing does not constitute double jeopardy. See id. (accord).

III. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the judgments of the district court are reversed. We remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.