United States v. Fernando Novelo Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206 (9th Cir. 2003). · Go Syfert
United States v. Fernando Novelo Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206 (9th Cir. 2003). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
124 citation events (124 in the last 25 years) across 6 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Vladimir Hernandez (ca9, 2024-06-28)
Treatment trajectory · 2003 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2003 2014 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Vladimir Hernandez (3×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2024 · confidence medium
HERNANDEZ 25 well-developed precedent holding that “[a] defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2003); see also United States v. Briggs, 623 F.3d 724, 728 (9th Cir. 2010) (a defendant cannot “change his plea solely because he underestimated the severity of the sentence he faced”); Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir. 1989) (“Nor do we believe that fear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, constitutes a ‘fair and just’ reason to…
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Vladimir Hernandez (3×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2024 · confidence medium
HERNANDEZ 25 well-developed precedent holding that “[a] defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2003); see also United States v. Briggs, 623 F.3d 724, 728 (9th Cir. 2010) (a defendant cannot “change his plea solely because he underestimated the severity of the sentence he faced”); Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir. 1989) (“Nor do we believe that fear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, constitutes a ‘fair and just’ reason to…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Vincent Rios (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2022 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir. 2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Terry v. United States
D. Ariz. · 2021 · confidence medium
United States v. 21 Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Kyle Peterson
9th Cir. · 2021 · confidence medium
In United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir. 2003), interpreting Rule 11(d)(2)(B) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, we held that “[p]rior to sentencing, a defendant can withdraw his guilty plea only by showing a fair and just reason for withdrawal.” (citations omitted). “[T]he decision to allow withdrawal of a plea is solely within the discretion of the district court.” Id. (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chambers v. United States
D. Idaho · 2020 · confidence medium
“A defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2003). “[F]ear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, [does not constitute] a “fair and just” reason to withdraw a plea, even if counsel’s initial advice as to length of plea turned out to be inaccurate.” Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir. 1989).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. David Williams
9th Cir. · 2018 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Steven Yamashiro (2×)
9th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
“The decision whether to permit the withdrawal of a plea ‘is solely within the discretion of the district court.’” United States v. Showalter, 569 F.3d 1150, 1154 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir. 2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Danilo Banos-Mejia
9th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
“A defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003); see also Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir.1989) (“Nor do we believe that fear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, constitutes a ‘fair and just’ reason to withdraw a plea, even if counsel’s initial advice as to length of plea turned out to be inaccurate.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Danilo Banos-Mejia
9th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
“A defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2003); see also Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir. 1989) (“Nor do we believe that fear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, constitutes a ‘fair and just’ reason to withdraw a plea, even if counsel’s initial advice as to length of plea turned out to be inaccurate.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Danilo Banos-Mejia
9th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
“A defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003); see also Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir.1989) (“Nor do we believe that fear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, constitutes a ‘fair and just’ reason to withdraw a plea, even if counsel’s initial advice as to length of plea turned out to be inaccurate.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Danilo Banos-Mejia
9th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
“A defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2003); see also Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir. 1989) (“Nor do we believe that fear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, constitutes a ‘fair and just’ reason to withdraw a plea, even if counsel’s initial advice as to length of plea turned out to be inaccurate.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Richard Maize (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
Although Maize now claims that he does not believe these falsehoods to be material, the district court could reasonably have chosen to credit [his] declarations made in open court while under oath during the Rule 11 hearing over his subsequent testimony more than two years later, especially since [he] knew his likely sentence at that time.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1210 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jorge Medina-Fructuoso
9th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
Although Rule 11(d)(2)(B) allows a defendant to withdraw a guilty plea for any “fair and just reason,” “[a] defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Luke Brugnara
9th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1210 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Juan Vargas Piedra
9th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
Except in “exceptional circumstances,” United States v. Briggs, 623 F.3d 724, 729 , (9th Cir.2010), however, “[a] defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Terry Norris
9th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
See United States v. Ross, 511 F.3d 1233, 1236-37 (9th Cir.2008); United States v. Nos-tratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1210 (9th Cir.2003); United States v. Signori, 844 F.2d 635, 639 (9th Cir. 1988); United States v. Castello, 724 F.2d 813, 815 (9th Cir. 1984); see also United States v. Myers, 993 F.2d 713, 714-15 (9th Cir. 1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Francisco Rubio-Perez
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Edward Showalter
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
“The decision to allow withdrawal of a plea is solely within the discretion of the district court.” United States v. Ortega- Ascanio, 376 F.3d 879, 883 (9th Cir. 2004) (quoting United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir. 1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Showalter
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
“The decision to allow withdrawal of a plea is solely within the discretion of the district court.” United States v. Ortega-Ascanio, 376 F.3d 879, 883 (9th Cir.2004) (quoting United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ensminger
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
A court abuses its discretion when it rests its decision on an inaccurate view of the law, see United States v. Jones, 472 F.3d 1136, 1141 (9th Cir. 2007), or on “a clearly erroneous finding of fact,” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir. 2003). [1] Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(d)(2)(B) pro- vides that a defendant may withdraw a plea of guilty before sentencing if “the defendant can show a fair and just reason for requesting the withdrawal.”5 The burden of establishing that withdrawal is warranted rests on the defendant.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ensminger
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
A court abuses its discretion when it rests its decision on an inaccurate view of the law, see United States v. Jones, 472 F.3d 1136, 1141 (9th Cir.2007), or on “a clearly erroneous finding of fact,” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Lee
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
See Davis, 428 F.3d at 805 ; United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Lee
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
See Davis, 428 F.3d at 805 ; United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Mercado-Tapia (2×)
9th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
I “Prior to sentencing, a defendant can withdraw his guilty plea only by showing a fair and just reason for withdrawal.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003) (citing Fed.R.Crim.P. 11(d)(2)(B)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Mitchell
9th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
However, “[a] defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he expected.” See United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003); cf. United States v. Davis, 428 F.3d 802, 807-08 (9th Cir.2005).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Chandler
9th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003). 2.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Joseph
9th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jones
9th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir. 2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Matthew D. Jones
9th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Martinez
9th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1209 (9th Cir.2003). .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Vasquez-Garay
9th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
First, the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Vasquez-Garay’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea, because he has not presented a “fair and just reason” to support the motion “that did not exist when the defendant entered his plea,” see United States v. Ortega-Ascanio, 376 F.3d 879, 883 (9th Cir.2004) (internal quotation marks omitted), and he long delayed in filing his motion, see United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003).
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Clifford A. Davis, M.D. (6×) also: Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1207 (9th Cir.2003).
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Davis (3×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1207 (9th Cir. 2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Sacksith
E.D. Pa. · 2005 · confidence medium
See Plea Hearing Transcript; United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1209 (9th Cir.2003)(stating that the defendant’s coherent answers at guilty plea hearing demonstrated the defendant understood English well enough to understand the plea hearing proceedings even though no interpreter was present).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Gutierrez-Barreda
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
Second, 1 Gutierrez-Barreda argues that the district court committed reversible error by denying his request, at sentencing, to withdraw his guilty plea entered four months earlier. “[T]he decision to allow withdrawal of a plea is solely within the discretion of the district court.” U.S. v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Lewis
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1209 (9th Cir.2003).
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Clifford A. Davis, M.D. (4×) also: Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1207 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Davis (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1207 (9th Cir. 2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Edward Alan Garcia
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Ortega-Ascanio, 376 F.3d at 886 (“The delay alone does not suggest that [defendant’s given reason] was not the reason for [his] motion to withdraw....”); United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir.2003) (concluding that defendant’s two-year delay in moving to withdraw his plea weighed against permitting withdrawal because it “suggested] that the withdrawal was intended to serve a different purpose” than the defendant claimed (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)); United States v. Alber, 56 F.3d 1106, 1111 (9th Cir.1995) (concluding that the distr…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Garcia
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Ortega-Ascanio, 376 F.3d at 886 (“The delay alone does not suggest that [defendant’s given reason] was not the reason for [his] motion to withdraw . . . .”); United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2003) (concluding that defendant’s two-year delay in moving to withdraw his plea weighed against permitting withdrawal 5 Garcia filed his motion two months after the publication of the Wenner decision.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Page
9th Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
Given that timing, he “can withdraw his guilty plea only by showing a fair and just reason for withdrawal.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Birdinground
9th Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Alfredo Ortega-Ascanio
9th Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
Once a district court sentences a defendant, however, a “plea may be set aside only on direct appeal or collateral attack.” Fed.R.Crim.P. 11(e). “[T]he decision to allow withdrawal of a plea is solely within the discretion of the district court.” United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir. 2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Olivera-Martinez
9th Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
Although the district court first indicated it would “provisionally accept the guilty plea,” the court stated at the conclusion of the plea hearing that “defendant’s plea of guilty is accepted....” After a guilty plea has been accepted, the district court has discretion to permit a defendant to "withdraw the plea only upon a showing of a “fair and just reason.” See United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Servin-Soto (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1209 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Muro-Rivas
9th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1208 (9th Cir.2003).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Abordo
9th Cir. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1209 (9th Cir. 2003).
cited Cited "see" Busby v. United States
D. Nev. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206 , 25 1209 (9th Cir. 2003).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Ryan Alexander
9th Cir. · 2020 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Nostratis, 321 F.3d 1206, 1210 (9th Cir. 2003); United States v. Snider, 976 F.2d 1249, 1251 (9th Cir. 1992).
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Fernando Novelo NOSTRATIS, Defendant-Appellant
02-10296.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Mar 11, 2003.
321 F.3d 1206
Jehan’Ad G. Martinez, Klemm Blair Sterling & Johnson, Hagatna, Guam, for the defendant-appellant., Marivic P. David, Assistant United States Attorney, Hagatna, Guam, for the plaintiff-appellee.
Goodwin, Schroeder, Tashima.
Cited by 77 opinions  |  Published
1 passage pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: bottom 87%
Citer courts: Ninth Circuit (1)
TASHIMA, Circuit Judge.

Fernando Nostratis appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. He contends that his plea was not knowing and voluntary because he did not understand English well enough to comprehend the terms, conditions, and consequences of his plea agreement. He argues that his inability to comprehend his plea agreement is a fair and just reason for the court to allow him to withdraw his plea under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(d)(2)(B). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

BACKGROUND

On October 20, 1999, a grand jury returned a four-count superseding indictment against Nostratis: conspiracy to import methamphetamine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 952(a), 960, and 963 (count I); importation of methamphetamine, 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 21 U.S.C. §§ 952(a), 960 (count II); attempt to possess methamphetamine with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 846 (count III); and use of a communication facility to facilitate a drug crime, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b) (count IV). After first pleading not guilty, on January 25, 2000, Nostratis changed his plea to guilty on counts I and III pursuant to a plea agreement. The district court conducted a Rule 11 hearing at which it found that Nostratis comprehended the terms, conditions, and consequences of his plea agreement, and accepted his plea.

After negotiating the plea agreement, Nostratis’ defense attorney, Stephanie Flores, withdrew as counsel. The court then appointed William Gavras to represent Nostratis. A few months later, Gav-ras made a motion to withdraw as counsel, which the court denied after a hearing. Nostratis’ presentence report came out on January 6, 2002, calculating his sentence range at 135 to 168 months. In accordance with the plea agreement, the government[*1208] filed for a two-level downward departure based on Nostratis’ substantial assistance.

On the morning of March 22, 2002, the date set for his sentencing, Nostratis filed a motion to withdraw his plea. Nostratis, whose native language is Tagalog, argued that he did not understand English well enough to comprehend the terms, conditions, and consequences of his plea agreement and, therefore, he did not knowingly and intelligently enter into the agreement. The court held a hearing on Nostratis’ plea withdrawal motion and then denied it, finding that he understood English well enough to comprehend his plea agreement. The court later granted the government’s downward departure motion and sentenced Nostratis to 135 months. Nostratis appeals the denial of his motion to withdraw his plea.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The district court’s denial of a defendant’s motion to withdraw a plea is reviewed for abuse of discretion. United States v. King, 257 F.3d 1013, 1022 (9th Cir.2001). The court abuses its discretion when it “rests its determination on a clearly erroneous finding of fact.” United States v. Sherburne, 249 F.3d 1121, 1125 (9th Cir.2001).

DISCUSSION

Prior to sentencing, a defendant can withdraw his guilty plea only by showing a fair and just reason for withdrawal. Fed.R.Crim.P. 11(d)(2)(B); [1] United States v. Ruiz, 257 F.3d 1030, 1031 (9th Cir.2001) (en banc). A defendant does not always have the right to withdraw a plea because the decision to allow withdrawal of a plea is solely within the discretion of the district court. Id. at 1033; United States v. Alber, 56 F.3d 1106, 1111 (9th Cir.1995). The defendant has the burden to show a fair and just reason for withdrawal of a plea. United States v. Myers, 993 F.2d 713, 714 (9th Cir.1993).

Nostratis contends that his native language is Tagalog and, therefore, that a Tagalog interpreter should have been present at his Rule 11 hearing to help explain the plea agreement to him. He asserts that, as a consequence of not having the assistance of an interpreter, his acceptance of the plea agreement was not knowing and voluntary.

The district court found that Nostratis understood English well enough to comprehend his plea agreement. In making this determination, the court cited the thoroughness of the Rule 11 plea colloquy, as well as Nostratis’ use of English in the Rule 11 hearing and the hearing on Gav-ras’ motion to withdraw as counsel. The court also referred to the testimony of Flores and Probation Officer Maria Cruz during the hearing on Nostratis’ motion to withdraw his guilty plea. In addition, the court reasoned that the length of time between Nostratis’ plea and his plea withdrawal motion, combined with his knowledge of his likely sentence due to the presentence report, weakened his argument. The record shows that the court did not clearly err in making its factual finding.

The district court correctly examined the thoroughness of the Rule 11 plea colloquy to determine whether Nostratis comprehended his plea agreement. See Unit [*1209] ed States v. Rios-Ortiz, 830 F.2d 1067, 1070 (9th Cir.1987) (stating that Rule 11 requirements “are designed to ensure that the criminal defendant who pleads guilty understands exactly what the plea means”); United States v. Cook, 487 F.2d 963, 965 (9th Cir.1973) (focusing on the thoroughness of the Rule 11 plea colloquy in a plea withdrawal case). Where the district court conducts a thorough Rule 11 hearing, this is strong evidence that the defendant comprehended the plea agreement. See United States v. Signori, 844 F.2d 635, 639 (9th Cir.1988) (upholding a district court’s denial of a plea withdrawal motion after a careful review of the Rule 11 hearing transcript); United States v. Castello, 724 F.2d 813, 815 (9th Cir.1984) (upholding the denial of a plea withdrawal motion where the district court conducted a “particularly searching” Rule 11 hearing).

The Rule 11 inquiry here was thorough. The district court first questioned Nostra-tis to make sure that he understood the plea proceeding and that he was not under the influence of any drugs. Then the court informed Nostratis about the nature of the crime and its elements, the maximum and minimum sentences for his crime, the role of the Sentencing Guidelines, and the constitutional rights that he waived by pleading guilty. Nostratis said that he had read the plea agreement and discussed it with his lawyer, and that he was satisfied with his representation. Finally, Nostratis accepted the plea agreement’s statement of facts and pled guilty. All the court’s questions and Nostratis’ answers were in English; throughout the hearing, Nostratis coherently responded to the court in English without the aid of an interpreter. See Gonzalez v. United States, 33 F.3d 1047, 1051 (9th Cir.1994) (upholding the district court’s decision that no interpreter was necessary because, during the Rule 11 plea colloquy, “[t]he defendant’s answers were consistently responsive, if brief and somewhat inarticulate, and he only occasionally consulted with his attorney”).

Nostratis points to a particular exchange where the court asked him whether he comprehended his plea agreement, and he responded, “I understand, but not hundred percent clearly from my mind.” In isolation, this response seems to support Nos-tratis’ argument. When we view this response in context, however, we find that the court continued to question Nostratis until it was satisfied that he comprehended the plea agreement. [2]

It is true that, during the hearing on Nostratis’ motion to withdraw his plea,[*1210] Nostratis testified through an interpreter that he did not understand English well enough to comprehend his plea agreement. However, the district court could reasonably have chosen to credit Nostratis’ declarations made in open court while under oath during the Rule 11 hearing over his subsequent testimony more than two years later, especially since Nostratis knew his likely sentence at that time. See Castello, 724 F.2d at 815 (“The court was entitled to credit Casteho’s testimony at the Rule 11 hearing over her subsequent affidavit.”); see also Shah v. United States, 878 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir.1989) (“ ‘[SJolemn declarations in open court carry a strong presumption of verity.’ ’’(quoting Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63, 74, 97 S.Ct. 1621, 52 L.Ed.2d 136 (1977)). Nothing in the Rule 11 hearing suggests that the district court clearly erred in its determination that Nostratis understood Enghsh well enough to comprehend his plea agreement.

The district court also cited the hearing on Gavras’ motion to withdraw as counsel as evidence of Nostratis’ ability to understand Enghsh. At that hearing, Gavras attested to Nostratis’ Enghsh abilities, saying that Nostratis had shown through his speech and written letters a “pretty good understanding of the [sentencing] guidelines, which we know are complicated.” At one point, Gavras said that he and Nostratis “talked at length” in Enghsh about issues in the case, and Nostratis “understood every word” of the conversation. Gavras also told the court that he had asked Nostratis if he needed a Tagalog interpreter, which Nostratis declined. [3] In fact, the record shows that during this hearing Nostratis spoke competently in Enghsh on his counsel’s ineffectiveness for three pages of transcript, interrupted only by a few short questions from the court.

In its order, the district court also relied on the testimony of Flores, Nostratis’ former counsel, and Cruz, who interviewed Nostratis for his presentence report. Flores testified that she went over the plea agreement with Nostratis line-by-line, that Nostratis comprehended the plea agreement, and that she would not have let Nostratis sign the plea agreement if he had not understood it. During the Rule 11 hearing, whenever a legal point was unclear for Nostratis, Flores explained it to him until he understood. All communications between Flores and Nostratis were in Enghsh, including six letters to Flores written in English by Nostratis (many of them longer than a page). Flores testified that she would have requested an interpreter for Nostratis had one been necessary.

Cruz testified that ah her communications with Nostratis were in Enghsh and that Nostratis had no trouble understanding her. Cruz also testified that, if Nos-tratis had not understood Enghsh, she would have terminated the interview and retained an interpreter before resuming it. According to Cruz, during an interview about Nostratis’ upbringing, Nostratis gave her a three page letter written in Enghsh describing his upbringing and told her, in Enghsh, “you don’t need to ask me questions about that because I’ve written this down for you.” Cruz testified that, during another interview, Nostratis turned to Gavras and asked, in Enghsh, “what[*1211] about the 5K1.1 departure, don’t I get substantial assistance[?]”

The court could reasonably have chosen to credit the testimony of Flores and Cruz over the contrary testimony of Nostratis and the ambiguous testimony of Tagalog Interpreter Primo Caburian. [4] See United States v. Shwayder, 312 F.3d 1109, 1118— 19 (9th Cir.2002) (“Ordinarily, the district court’s determinations of credibility ... should not be second-guessed.”); see also United States v. Navarro-Flores, 628 F.2d 1178, 1183-84 (9th Cir.1980) (per curiam) (upholding the district court’s assessment that the testimony of the former defense counsel and the court interpreter was more credible than that of the defendant in a plea withdrawal case).

Additionally, the district court noted the more than two-year delay between Nostra-tis’ guilty plea (January 25, 2000) and his plea withdrawal motion (March 22, 2002). As the cornet mentioned in its order, the time between the plea and the plea withdrawal motion is a factor to consider in ruling on that motion. See Fed.R.Crim.P. 32 Advisory Committee Notes (1983 Amendment) (“ ‘[I]f the defendant has long delayed his withdrawal motion, and has had the full benefit of competent counsel at all times, the reasons given to support withdrawal must have considerably more force.’ ”) (quoting United States v. Barker, 514 F.2d 208, 222 (D.C.Cir.1975)). Courts have rejected plea withdrawal motions where the delay was much shorter than two years. See Alber, 56 F.3d at 1111 (listing as a reason for rejecting the plea withdrawal motion that three months elapsed between the plea and the motion); Navarro-Flores, 628 F.2d at 1184 (one-month delay); see also United States v. Santiago, 229 F.3d 313, 318 (1st Cir.2000) (nine months); United States v. Durham, 178 F.3d 796, 798-99 (6th Cir.1999) (seventy-seven days); United States v. Gonzalez, 970 F.2d 1095, 1100 (2nd Cir.1992) (seven months). Nostratis gave no reason why he waited so long to file his plea withdrawal motion, nor did he contend on appeal that he lacked competent counsel during the two years between his plea and his motion. This two year delay suggests that the “withdrawal was intended to serve a different purpose than that avowed” by Nostratis. Navarro-Flores, 628 F.2d at 1184.

In its order, the district court found that Nostratis moved to withdraw his plea because he was upset with his likely sentence. A defendant cannot withdraw his plea because he realizes that his sentence will be higher than he had expected. See Alber, 56 F.3d at 1111 (upholding denial of a plea withdrawal motion where the defendant “moved to withdraw his plea only after he realized that he was going to receive a heavier sentence than he expected”); Shah, 878 F.2d at 1162 (“Nor do we believe that fear of receiving a harsh sentence, standing alone, constitutes a ‘fair and just’ reason to withdraw a plea[.]”). Defendants cannot plead guilty to “test the weight of potential punishment” and then withdraw their plea if the sentence is “unexpectedly severe.” United States v. Ramos, 923 F.2d 1346, 1359 (9th Cir.1991), overruled on other grounds by Ruiz, 257 F.3d at 1032. In the instant case, Nostratis moved to withdraw his plea only after learning from the presentence report that his likely sentencing range was 135 to 168 months and that the government would only move for a two-level downward depar[*1212] ture. Moreover, Nostratis waited until the date set for his sentencing to make his plea withdrawal motion. [5] Nostratis’ knowledge of his likely sentence, taken together with the unexplained two-year delay between his plea and his plea withdrawal motion, support the district court’s factual determination that Nostratis understood English well enough to comprehend his plea agreement. [6]

CONCLUSION

The district court did not clearly err in finding that Nostratis understood English well enough to comprehend his plea agreement. Nostratis did not provide a fair and just reason to withdraw his plea and the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Nostratis’s plea withdrawal motion. The judgment of the district court is

AFFIRMED.

1

. Before December 1, 2002, Rule 11(d)(2)(B) was found in Rule 32(e). Despite minor language changes in the rule, the “fair and just reason” standard remains the same; also, before the 1994 amendments, Rule 32(e) was Rule 32(d). See Fed.R.Crim.P. 11 Advisory Committee Notes (2002 Amendments); Fed. R.Crim.P. 32 Advisory Committee Notes (1994 Amendments).

2

. The following exchange was in English.

Court: Now, do you understand the terms of the plea agreement?
Nostratis: I understand, but not hundred percent clearly from my mind.
Court: But your lawyer has explained it to you?
Nostratis: She explained it to me yesterday. Court: And you're satisfied with that explanation?
Nostratis: Yes, Your Honor.
Court: That you understand it — you understand it, at least the most important parts to it?
Nostratis: Yes, sir.
Court: Okay. Now, does the plea agreement represent all your understandings, or whatever deal you cut with the government? Nostratis: Yes, sir.
Court: Okay. Has anyone made other promises to you or assurances, other than what's in this plea agreement, in order get [sic] you to plead guilty?
([Nostratis] [c]onfers with counsel.)
Nostratis: Nothing, Your Honor.
Court: Okay. Has anyone attempted in any way to force you to plead guilty today?
Nostratis: No.
Court: Are you pleading guilty of your own free will because you are guilty?
Nostratis: Yes, Your Honor.

Change of Plea Hearing Tr. at 7-8.

3

. At the end of the hearing, the court did tell Gavras that he could apply for a Tagalog interpreter to assist when necessary in attorney-client meetings (which he did), while remarking that Nostratis “can communicate fairly well in English, he’s very articulate.” The court appointed another interpreter during the hearing on Nostratis' plea withdrawal motion.

4

. Interpreter Caburian testified that some native Tagalog speakers have trouble understanding abstract concepts in English, but also that Nostratis knew when to say he did not understand and knew what he meant when he said “I understand.”

5

. Nostratis filed his motion at the last possible moment. Upon receiving his sentence, Nos-tratis could not have withdrawn his plea. At that point, Nostratis’ plea could only have been set aside upon direct appeal or by collateral attack, which require the higher "manifest injustice” standard. Fed.R.Crim.P. 11(e); King, 257 F.3d at 1024.

6

. Nostratis briefly argues that the district court incorrectly applied the law, citing two cases that do not support his claim. First, unlike the defendant in Kadwell v. United States, 315 F.2d 667 (9th Cir.1963), Nostratis received a thorough Rule 11 hearing, did not plead guilty under any misrepresentation about penalties, and had competent counsel who had full knowledge of the case. Id. at 670-71. Second, in United States v. Fragoso-Gastellum, 456 F.2d 1287 (9th Cir.1972) (per curiam), as in this case, the defendant had competent counsel during a thorough Rule 11 hearing.