The United States of Am. v. Barney Glass, 846 F.2d 386 (7th Cir. 1988). · Go Syfert
The United States of Am. v. Barney Glass, 846 F.2d 386 (7th Cir. 1988). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
41 citation events (16 in the last 25 years) across 9 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: People v. Thompson (illappct, 2015-09-24)
Treatment trajectory · 1988 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1988 2007 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 23 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) People v. Thompson
Ill. App. Ct. · 2015 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
reasonable doubt' must speak for itself. jurors know what is 'reasonable' and are quite familiar with the meaning of 'doubt.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) People v. Thompson
Ill. App. Ct. · 2015 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
reasonable doubt' must speak for itself. jurors know what is 'reasonable' and are quite familiar with the meaning of 'doubt.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) United States v. Leslie Mayfield (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
7th Cir. · 2014 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
jurors know what is 'reasonable' and are quite familiar with the meaning of 'doubt.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) People v. Thomas
Ill. App. Ct. · 2014 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
reasonable doubt' must speak for itself. jurors know what is 'reasonable' and are quite familiar with the meaning of 'doubt.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) People v. Thomas
Ill. App. Ct. · 2014 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
reasonable doubt' must speak for itself. jurors know what is 'reasonable' and are quite familiar with the meaning of 'doubt.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Thomas Alt
7th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
For instance, in United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir. 1988), defense counsel at- tempted to define reasonable doubt during closing argument.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Thomas Alt
7th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
For instance, in United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir. 1988), defense counsel at- tempted to define reasonable doubt during closing argument.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Billy v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2002 · confidence medium
See United States v. Patterson, 150 F.3d 382, 389 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir. 1988); see also Note, Reasonable Doubt: An Argument Against Definition, 108 Harv.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Andy He (2×)
7th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
Mr. He suggests that we should find the supplemental instruction in error for the same reason that we have consistently admonished district courts not to attempt to define the term "reasonable doubt.” See, e.g., United States v. Blackburn, 992 F.2d 666, 668 (7th Cir.1993); United States v. Bardsley, 884 F.2d 1024, 1029 (7th Cir.1989); United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. He, Andy (2×)
7th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
We need not determine whether such waiver occurred, however, due to our determination that the district court’s supplemental instruction was proper under any standard of review. /3 Mr. He suggests that we should find the supplemental instruction in error for the same reason that we have consistently admonished district courts not to attempt to define the term "reasonable doubt." See, e.g., United States v. Blackburn, 992 F.2d 666, 668 (7th Cir. 1993); United States v. Bardsley, 884 F.2d 1024, 1029 (7th Cir. 1989); United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir. 1988).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Smith v. United States (2×)
D.C. · 1998 · confidence medium
D.C. 349, 356, 997 F.2d 1551, 1558 (1993); see also United States v. Adkins, 937 F.2d 947, 950 (4th Cir. 1991); United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988). [4] The standard Redbook instruction now reads: Reasonable doubt, as the name implies, is a doubt based on reason, a doubt for which you can give a reason.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Winegeart v. State (2×)
Ind. · 1996 · confidence medium
United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Brian D. Groce
7th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir. 1988).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Charles W. Blackburn (2×)
7th Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Bardsley, 884 F.2d 1024, 1029 (7th Cir.1989); United States v. Hall, 854 F.2d 1036, 1038-39 (7th Cir.1988); United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988); United States v. Martin-Trigona, 684 F.2d 485, 493 (7th Cir. 1982); United States v. Regilio, 669 F.2d 1169, 1178 (7th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1133 , 102 S.Ct. 2959 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1350 (1982); United States v. Shaffher, 524 F.2d 1021, 1023 (7th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 920 , 96 S.Ct. 1126 , 47 L.Ed.2d 327 (1976); United States v. Lawson, 507 F.2d 433, 442 (7th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 4…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) ca3 1990
3rd Cir. · 1990 · confidence medium
United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988); United States v. Woods, 812 F.2d 1483, 1487-88 (4th Cir.1987) 88 For example, Joseph Grande's attorney stated in his closing argument: "My client, look at him, will you look at him, he's just a boy, a young man.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Pungitore
3rd Cir. · 1990 · confidence medium
United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988); United States v. Woods, 812 F.2d 1483, 1487-88 (4th Cir.1987). .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Stephen Goot
7th Cir. · 1990 · confidence medium
Consequently, in his reply brief, Goot has abandoned his last argument that the court erred in not appropriately instructing the jury on the definition of “reasonable doubt.” See, e.g., United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Mae Braxton
7th Cir. · 1989 · confidence medium
We have found it “inappropriate for judges to give an instruction defining ‘reasonable doubt,’ ” because “ ‘[attempts to explain the term “reasonable doubt” do not usually result in making it any clearer to the minds of the jury.’ ” United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988) (quoting Holland v. United States, 348 U.S. 121, 140 , 75 S.Ct. 127, 137 , 99 L.Ed. 150 (1954)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Andrea Hall and Richard Magnant (4×)
7th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988). 3 The reason for the prohibition is not that all attempted definitions of reasonable doubt infringe upon the constitutional rights of a defendant.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. William A. Bardsley
7th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988) (“Judges’ and lawyers’ attempts to inject other amorphous catch-phrases into the ‘reasonable doubt’ standard, such as ‘matter of the highest importance,’ only muddy the water”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Portillo
Ariz. · 1995 · signal: compare · confidence medium
Compare Lansdowne v. State, 287 Md. 232 , 412 A.2d 88, 93 (App.1980) (requiring that reasonable doubt be defined in all cases) with United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988) (stating that reasonable doubt should not be defined, the term must speak for itself) and United States v. Velasquez, 980 F.2d 1275, 1278 (9th Cir.1992) (district courts have discretion whether to define reasonable doubt).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Lila D. Hanson, Also Known as Diane Hanson, and Keyte Hanson
7th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988); United States v. Regilio, 669 F.2d 1169, 1178 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1133 , 102 S.Ct. 2959 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1350 (1982).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Haddad
E.D. Wis. · 1991 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Glass, 846 F.2d 386, 387 (7th Cir.1988).
The UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Barney GLASS, Defendant-Appellant
87-2358.
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
May 3, 1988.
846 F.2d 386
Steve Lustine, Levinson & Lustine, Mer-rillville, Ind., for defendant-appellant., Michael A. Thill, Gwenn R. Rinkenber-ger, Asst. U.S. Attys., Hammond, Ind., for plaintiff-appellee.
Bauer, Cummings, Coffey.
Cited by 34 opinions  |  Published
BAUER, Chief Judge.

Defendant-appellant Barney Glass appeals from his conviction for conspiring to buy, sell, exchange, transfer, receive, or deliver counterfeit United States Federal Reserve Notes, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 473, and for selling, exchanging, or transferring counterfeit United States Notes, 18 U.S.C. § 473. He argues that the trial court erred in refusing to define “reasonable doubt” for the jury after the jury requested such a definition. We affirm.

After the close of the evidence at Glass’s trial, the district court advised Glass’s counsel during the instruction conference that it would not give an instruction defining “reasonable doubt.” Glass’s counsel then asked the court how much latitude the court would give him in discussing “reasonable doubt” during his summation. The court answered, “You can talk about it. You can tell [the jury] what you think— your understanding of what reasonable doubt is.” Glass’s counsel did just that. During his summation, he defined “reasonable doubt” as “that level of doubt which would cause you to act or not act in a matter of the highest importance and concern to yourself.” The jury, however, found this definition too vague. During its[*387] deliberations, it asked the court to give it “a precise definition of ‘a reasonable doubt.’ ” Glass’s counsel at that time suggested that the court give the same definition he gave during his summation. The government objected to this suggestion, however, and the court sustained, refusing to define “reasonable doubt.” The jury returned a guilty verdict.

This case illustrates all too well that “[ajttempts to explain the term ‘reasonable doubt’ do not usually result in making it any clearer to the minds of the jury.” Holland v. United States, 348 U.S. 121, 140, 75 S.Ct. 127, 138, 99 L.Ed. 150 (1954). And that is precisely why this circuit’s criminal jury instructions forbid them. See Federal Criminal Instructions of the Seventh Circuit 2.07 (1980). “Reasonable doubt” must speak for itself. Jurors know what is “reasonable” and are quite familiar with the meaning of “doubt.” Judges’ and lawyers’ attempts to inject other amorphous catchphrases into the “reasonable doubt” standard, such as “matter of the highest importance,” only muddy the water. This jury attested to that. It is, therefore, inappropriate for judges to give an instruction defining “reasonable doubt,” and it is equally inappropriate for trial counsel to provide their own definition. See, e.g., United States v. Dominguez, 835 F.2d 694, 701 (7th Cir.1987). Trial counsel may argue that the government has the'burden of proving the defendant’s guilt “beyond a reasonable doubt,” but they may not attempt to define “reasonable doubt.”

Thus, the court below should not have allowed Glass’s counsel to explain to the jury his understanding of “reasonable doubt.” And Glass’s counsel, who created this whole problem, should not have defined it. Glass nonetheless argues on appeal that the court's refusal to give a “reasonable doubt” definition — the same one his counsel used in summation — warrants reversal. We disagree. If anything, Glass benefited by being able to give his own definition of reasonable doubt to the jury while the government refrained, and rightly so, from giving its own definition. Moreover, Glass’s definition is the one that confused the jury in the first place, and we fail to see why the court should have given it again. In short, the only correct ruling on this issue below was the court’s refusal to provide a definition of “reasonable doubt” at the jury’s request.

Defendant-appellant’s conviction is

Affirmed.