PER CURIAM:*

Vincent LaPrime filed an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Deputy David Walters, Jr. and others, alleging that Walters had injured LaPrime’s wrist by using excessive force while trying to handcuff LaPrime. A key issue at trial was whether LaPrime had reacted violently to Walters’ initial attempt to handcuff him. The

* Pursuant to Local Rule 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in Local Rule 47.5.4. district court admitted the testimony of Dr. Richard Richoux, a psychiatrist who had previously treated LaPrime while LaPrime was incarcerated in a prison psychiatric ward. Dr. Richoux testified that LaPrime suffers from anti-social personality disorder, and that manipulative behavior and aggressive reactions to authority figures are typical of that disease. LaPrime appeals the jury verdict against him, arguing that Richoux’s testimony was inadmissible character evidence under Fed. R. Evid. 404(a).

Rule 404(a) states generally that “[e]vidence of a person’s character or a trait of character is not admissible for the purpose of proving action in conformity therewith . . .” The Federal Rules of Evidence do not define the term “character trait.” Other courts and authorities, however, have concluded that a character trait is “an element of one’s disposition.” See United States v. West, 670 F.2d 675, 682 (7th Cir. 1982) (holding that “limited intelligence” was not a character trait).

Having considered these authorities and the arguments of the parties, we conclude that Dr. Richoux’s testimony, concerning the mental disease with which LaPrime had been diagnosed, was properly admitted as expert medical opinion that would assist the jury in determining a disputed issue of fact. Fed.R.Evid. 702. Accord- ingly, the judgment of the district court is

A F F I R M E D.