Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Elec. Mfg. Co., 313 U.S. 487 (1941). · Go Syfert
Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Elec. Mfg. Co., 313 U.S. 487 (1941). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
22,673 citation events (8,631 in the last 25 years) across 197 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Heriberto Valiente v. NexGen Global, LLC (ca11, 2025-11-10)
Treatment trajectory · 1941 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1941 1983 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Heriberto Valiente v. NexGen Global, LLC
11th Cir. · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Green Mountain Electric Supply, Inc. v. Power Manufacturing, LLC
N.D.N.Y. · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity applies the choice-of-law rules of the forum state
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Green Mountain Electric Supply, Inc. v. Zero Distribution LLC
N.D.N.Y. · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity applies the choice-of-law rules of the forum state
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) BADGER DAYLIGHTING CORP. v. RUTHERFORD (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
S.D. Ind. · 2025 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the full faith and credit clause does not go so far as to compel to apply if such application would interfere with local policy.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Cajun Conti, LLC v. Starr Surplus Lines Insurance Company (2×) also: Cited "see"
S.D.N.Y. · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when a federal district court sits in diversity, it generally applies the law of the state in which it sits, including that state's choice of law rules.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Byelick v. Ryvyl Inc.
S.D. Cal. · 2024 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
he conflict of law rules to be applied by the 25 federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Kwik Loc Corporation v. Matthews International Corporation
E.D. Wash. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when the laws of more than one state potentially 6 apply, a federal district court sitting in diversity applies choice of law rules from 7 the forum state.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Melville v. Hop Energy, LLC
S.D.N.Y. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
at the outset of its analysis, a federal court sitting in diversity jurisdiction applies the choice of law rules of the forum state.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Ida Cason Callaway Foundation, Inc. v. ACE American Insurance Company
E.D. Va. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court hearing a diversity claim must apply the choice-of-law rules of the state in which it sits.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Landfall Trust LLC v. Fidelity National Title Insurance Company (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
E.D. Va. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
federal courts sitting in diversity apply the substantive law of the forum state for tort claims brought in virginia.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Commodore Plaza Condominium Association, Inc. v. Evanston Insurance Company
S.D. Fla. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Ford of Slidell, LLC v. Starr Surplus Lines Insurance Company
E.D. La. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity follows the choice of law rules of the state in which it sits.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Jacobs v. Watson
S.D. Ohio · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
in cases based on diversity jurisdiction, this court must apply ohio's conflict of law rules when the applicable law is in dispute.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Muriel's New Orleans, LLC v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Company
E.D. La. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity follows the choice of law rules of the state in which it sits.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Wright v. C R Bard Incorporated
N.D. Tex. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the federal court is bound to decide according to the law of conflicts of the state in which it is sitting
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Muriel's New Orleans, LLC v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Company
E.D. La. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity follows the choice of law rules of the state in which it sits.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Jergens, Inc. v. 5th Axis, Inc.
S.D. Cal. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the 6 federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Global Thermoforming Incorporated v. Auto-Owners Insurance Company
E.D. Wis. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
he prohibition declared in erie r. co. v. tompkins, 304 19 u.s. 64...extends to the field of conflict of laws.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Global Thermoforming Incorporated v. Auto-Owners Insurance Company
D. Ariz. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
he prohibition declared in erie r. co. v. tompkins, 304 19 u.s. 64...extends to the field of conflict of laws.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Starr v. VSL Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
D. Maryland · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when a claim is based on state law, the choice of law rules are those of the state in which the district court sits.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) FOSTER v. IOU CENTRAL, INC.
Bankr. D. Mont. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity must apply the choice of law rules of the forum state to determine which state's substantive law applies.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Doe v. Indyke
S.D.N.Y. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity applies the choice-of-law rules of the forum state.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Rock v. Atlantic Specialty Insurance Company
D.S.C. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a federal court sitting in diversity is required to apply the substantive law of the forum state, including its choice-of-law rules.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Loibl v. Geico General Insurance Company
D. Colo. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
kipling i
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Alnahhas v. Robert Bosch Tool Corp. (4×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
10th Cir. · 2017 · quote attribution · 4 verbatim quotes · confidence high
he proper function of federal court is to ascertain what the state law is, not what it ought to be.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Hardwood Plywood v. Massachusetts Bay In
4th Cir. · 1998 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
uestions of substantive law are governed by the law of the place of the transaction . . . .
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Ferens v. John Deere Co. (4×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
SCOTUS · 1990 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
whatever lack of uniformity may produce between federal courts in different states is 528 attributable to our federal system, which leaves to a state, within the limits permitted by the constitution, the right to pursue local policies diverging from those of its neighbors
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Wormack v. Caesars Baltimore Management Company, LLC
D. Maryland · 2024 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
when a claim is based on state law, the choice of law rules are those of the state in which the district court sits.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Aegis Business Credit, LLC v. Brigade Holdings, Inc.
D. Maryland · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
in a diversity case, a district court applies the conflict-of-law rules of the state where it sits.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Gillespie v. H Cargo, LLC (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
E.D. Ky. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the federal rules of civil procedure are the rules of practice which apply to civil actions in the federal courts, regardless of whether jurisdiction is based on federal question or diversity of citizenship.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Primed Pharmaceuticals LLC v. Starr Indemnity & Liability Company
S.D.N.Y. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
federal courts sitting in diversity apply the choice-of-law analysis of the forum state.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) McLaughlin Group, Inc. v. American Manufacturing & Machine, Inc.
D. Colo. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
in diversity cases, the laws of the forum state govern our analysis of the underlying claims.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) State Farm Fire and Casualty Company v. Bullin
S.D. Ala. · 2021 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
federal court sitting in diversity will apply the choice of law rules for the state in which it sits.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Savis, Inc. v. Cardenas
N.D. Ill. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
second restatement
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Sportsinsurance.com, Inc. v. The Hanover Insurance Company, Inc.
N.D.N.Y. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Johnson v. Blendtec
D. Utah · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
we are of opinion that the prohibition declared in erie railroad v. tompkins, 304 u.s. 64 , . . . against such independent determinations by the federal courts extends to the field of conflict of laws.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Kashef v. BNP Paribas SA
S.D.N.Y. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
a federal trial court sitting in diversity jurisdiction must apply the law of the forum state to determine the choice-of-law.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Worley Claims Services, LLC v. Jefferies
W.D.N.C. · 2019 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
we are of opinion that the prohibition declared in erie railroad ... against such independent determinations by the federal courts extends to the field of conflict of laws.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Vasilli Katopothis v. Windsor-Mount Joy Mutual Insurance Co. (3×)
D.C. Cir. · 2018 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
a conflict of laws does not exist when the laws of the different jurisdictions are identical or would produce the identical result on the facts presented.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Vasilli Katopothis v. Windsor-Mount Joy Mutual Insu (3×)
D.C. Cir. · 2018 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
a conflict of laws does not exist when the laws of the different jurisdictions are identical or would produce the identical result on the facts presented.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Moody v. Physicians Mutual Insurance Company (2×)
S.D. Ala. · 2018 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
in a diversity action such as this one, a federal court must apply the choice-of-law principles of the state in which it sits.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Flextronics International USA, Inc. v. Sparkling Drink Systems Innovation Center Ltd. (3×)
N.D. Ill. · 2016 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
he prohibition declared in erie railroad v. tompkins ... extends to the field of conflict of laws.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Montel Aetnastak, Inc. v. Miessen (3×)
N.D. Ill. · 2014 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Dudley v. Southern Virginia University (In re Dudley) (3×)
Bankr. W.D. Va. · 2013 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in must conform to those prevailing in state courts.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Beohm v. Pickel (In re Pickel) (3×)
Bankr. D.N.M. · 2013 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
we start with the fundamental rule that a federal court is to apply the choice of law rules of the forum in which it presides.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Federal Insurance v. J.K. Manufacturing Co. (3×)
N.D. Ill. · 2013 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Alaska Rent-A-Car, Inc. v. Avis Budget Group, Inc. (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
9th Cir. · 2013 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.... any other ruling would do violence to the principle of uniformity within a state upon which the tompkins decision is based.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Alaska Rent-A-Car, Inc. v. Avis Budget Group, Inc. (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
9th Cir. · 2013 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
the conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in delaware must conform to those prevailing in delaware's state courts.... any other ruling would do violence to the principle of uniformity within a state upon which the tompkins decision is based.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Vermont Mutual Insurance v. Ciccone (3×)
D. Conn. · 2012 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
matters of substance ... should be settled by reference to the law of the appropriate state according to the type of case being tried in the forum.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Mendenhall v. Hanesbrands, Inc. (3×)
M.D.N.C. · 2012 · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence low
we are of opinion that the prohibition declared in erie railroad ... against such independent determinations by the federal courts extends to the field of conflict of laws.
Klaxon Company
v.
Stentor Electric Manufacturing Co., Inc.
741.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jun 2, 1941.
313 U.S. 487
Mr. John Thomas Smith for petitioner., • Mr. Murray C. Bernays, with whom Messrs. Paul Leahy, Henry Gale, and Abraham Friedman were on the brief, for respondent.'
Reed.
Cited by 8,599 opinions  |  Published
29 passages pin-cited by 36 cases
Pinpoint authority: #1,532 of 633,719
Citer courts: N.D. Illinois (10) · S.D. New York (8) · Tenth Circuit (6) · D.C. Circuit (6) · Ninth Circuit (4) · S.D. Alabama (3) · D. Connecticut (3)
[*494] Me. Justice Reed

delivered the opinion of the Court.

The principal question in this case is whether in diversity cases the federal courts must follow conflict of laws rules prevailing in the states in which they sit. We left this open in Ruhlin v. New York Life Insurance Co., 304 U. S. 202, 208, n. 2. The frequent recurrence of the problem, as well as the conflict of approach to the problem between the Third Circuit’s' opinion here and that of the First Circuit in Sampson v. Channell, 110 F. 2d 754, 759-62, led us to grant certiorari.

In 1918, respondent, a New York corporation, transferred its entire business to petitioner, a Delaware corporation. Petitioner contracted to use its best efforts to further the manufacture and sale of certain patented devices covered by the agreement, and respondent was to have a share of petitioner’s profits. The agreement was executed in New York, the assets were transferred there,' and petitioner began performance there although later it moved its operations to other states. Respondent.was voluntarily dissolved under New York law in ‘1919. Ten years later it instituted this action in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging that petitioner had failed to perform its agreement to use its best efforts. Jurisdiction rested on diversity of citizenship. In 1939 respondent recovered a jury verditít of $100,000, upon which judgment was entered. Respondent then moved to correct the judgment by adding in[*495] terest at the rate of six percent from June 1, 1929, the date the action had been brought. The basis of the motion was the-provision in § 480 of the New York Civil Practice Act directing that in contract actions interest be added to the principal sum “whether theretofore liquidated or unliquidated.” [1] The District Court granted the motion, taking the view that the rights of the parties were governed by New York law and that under New York law the addition of such interest was mandatory. 30 F. Supp. 425, 431. The Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed, 115 F. 2d 268, and we granted certiorari, limited to the question whether § 480 of the New York Civil Practice Act is applicable to an action in the federal court in Delaware. 312 U. S. 674.

The Circuit Court of Appeals was of the view that under New York law the right to interest before verdict under § 480 went to the substance of the obligation, and that proper construction of the contract in suit fixed New York as the place of performance. It then concluded that § 480 was applicable to the case because “it is clear by what we think is undoubtedly the better view of the law that the rules for ascertaining the measure of damages are not a matter of procedure at all, but are[*496] matters of substance which should be settled by reference to the law of the appropriate state according to the type of case being tried in the forum. The measure of damages for breach of a contract is determined by the law of the place of performance; Restatement, Conflict of Laws § 413.” The court referred also to § 418 of the Restatement, which makes interest part of the damages to be determined by the law of the place of performance. Application of the .New York statute apparently followed from the court’s independent determination of the “better view” without regard to Delaware law, for no Delaware decision or statute was cited or discussed.

We are of opinion that the prohibition declared in Erie R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U. S. 64, against such independent determinations by the federal courts, extends to the field of conflict of laws. The conflict of laws rules to be applied by the federal court in Delaware must conform to those prevailing in Delaware’s state courts. [2] Otherwise, the accident of diversity of citizenship would constantly disturb equal administration of justice in coordinate state and federal courts sitting side by side. See Erie R. Co. v. Tompkins, supra, at 74-77. Any other ruling would do violence to the principle of uniformity within a state, upon which the' Tompkins decision is based. Whatever lack of uniformity this may produce between federal courts in different states is attributable to our federal system, which leaves to a state, within the limits permitted by the Constitution, the right to pursue local policies diverging from those of its neighbors. It is not for the federal courts to thwart such local policies by enforcing an independent '“general law” of conflict of laws. Subject only to review by this Góurt'[*497] on any. federal question that may arise, Delaware is free to determine whether a given matter is to be governed by the law of the forum or some other law. Cf. Milwaukee County v. White Co., 296 U. S. 268, 272. This Court’s views are not the decisive factor in determining the applicable conflicts rule. Cf. Funkhouser v. J. B. Preston Co., 290 U. S. 163. And the proper function of the Delaware federal court is to ascertain what the state law is, not what it ought to be.

Besides these general considerations, the traditional treatment of interest in diversity eases brought in the federal courts points to the same conclusion. Section 966 of the Revised Statutes, 28 U. S. C. § 811, relating to interest on judgments, provides that it be. calculated from the date of judgment at such rate as is allowed by law on judgments recovered in the courts of the state in which the court is held; In Massachusetts Benefit Association v. Miles, 137 U. S. 689, this Court held that § 966 did not exclude the allowance of interest on verdicts as well as. judgments, and the opinion observed that “the courts of the state and the federal courts sitting within the state should be in harmony upon this point” (p. 691).

Looking then to the Delaware cases, petitioner relies on one group to support his contention that the Delaware state courts would refuse, to apply § 480 of the New York Civil Practice Act, and respondent on another to prove the contrary. We make no analysis of these Delaware decisions, but leave this for the Circuit Court of Appeals when the case is remanded.

Respondent makes the further argument that the judgment must be affirmed because, under the full faith and credit clause of the Constitution, the state courts of Delaware would be obliged to give effect to'the -New York statute. The argument rests mainly on the decision of this Court in John Hancock Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Yates, [*498] 299 U. S. 178, where a New York statute was held such an integral part of a contract of insurance, that Georgia was compelled to sustain the contract under the full faith and credit clause. Here, however, § 480 of the New York Civil Practice Act is in no way related to the validity of the contract in suit, but merely to an incidental item of damages, interest, with respect to which courts at the forum have commonly been free to apply their own or some other law as they see fit. Nothing in the Constitution ensures unlimited extraterritorial recognition of all statutes or- of any statute under all circumstances. Pacific Employers Insurance Co. v. Industrial Accident Comm’n, 306 U. S. 493; Kryger v. Wilson, 242 U. S. 171. The full -faith and credit clause does not go so far as to compel Delaware to apply § 480 if such application would interfere with, its local policy.

Accordingly, the judgment is reversed and the case remanded to the Circuit Court of Appeals for decision in conformity with the law of Delaware.

Reversed.

1

Section 480, New'York Civil Practice Act:

“Interest to be included in recovery. Where in any action, except as provided in section four hundred eighty-a, final'judgment is rendered for a sum of money awarded by a verdict, report or decision, interest upon the total amount awarded, from the time when the verdict was rendered or the report or decision was made to the time of entering judgment, must be computed by the clerk, added to the total amount awarded, and included in the amount of the judgment. In every action wherein any sum of money shall be awarded by verdict, report or decision upon a cause of action for the enforcement of or based upon breach of performance of a contract, express or implied, interest shall be recovered upon the principal sum whether theretofore liquidated or unliquidated and shall be added to and be a part of the Jfcotal sum awarded.
2

An opinion in Sampson v. Channell, 110 F. 2d 754, 759-62, reaches the same conclusion, as does an opinion of the Third Circuit handed down subsequent to the case at bar, Waggaman v. General Finance Co., 116 F. 2d 254, 257. See also Goodrich, Conflict of Laws, § 12.