Karmun v. Comm'r, 474 U.S. 819 (1985). · Go Syfert
Karmun v. Comm'r, 474 U.S. 819 (1985). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
297 citation events (47 in the last 25 years) across 64 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: In Re the Nomination Petitions & Papers of Stevenson (pa, 2012-03-26) · Strongest negative: Rodriguez v. State (texapp, 2003-03-27)
Treatment trajectory · 1986 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1986 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 42 distinct citers.
discussed Cited "but see" Rodriguez v. State
Tex. App. · 2003 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1366-67 (2d Cir.1985) (holding that dog sniff at door of apartment constituted search), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 (1985), and cert. denied, 479 U.S. 818 , 107 S.Ct. 78 , 93 L.Ed.2d 34 (1986); State v. Ortiz, 257 Neb. 784 , 600 N.W.2d 805, 819-20 (1999) (holding that dog sniff in hallway outside apartment was a search). 7 .
discussed Cited "but see" Porter v. State
Tex. App. · 2002 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1366-67 (2d Cir.1985) (holding that dog sniff at door of apartment constituted search), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985), and cert. denied, 479 U.S. 818 , 107 S.Ct. 78 , 93 L.Ed.2d 34 (1986); State v. Ortiz, 257 Neb. 784 , 600 N.W.2d 805, 819-20 (1999) (holding that dog sniff in hallway outside apartment was a search).
discussed Cited "but see" Porter Jr., Hubert Ray v. State
Tex. App. · 2002 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see United States v. Thomas , 757 F.2d 1359, 1366-67 (2d Cir. 1985) (holding that dog sniff at door of apartment constituted search), cert. denied , 474 U.S. 819 (1985), and cert. denied , 479 U.S. 818 (1986); State v. Ortiz , 600 N.W.2d 805, 819-20 ( Neb. 1999) (holding that dog sniff in hallway outside apartment was a search).
discussed Cited "but see" In Re Montrail M.
Md. Ct. Spec. App. · 1991 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1367 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 67, 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985) (dog sniff conducted outside door of apartment found to be a search).
discussed Cited "but see" United States v. Conrad Whitehead, Ii, United States of America v. Hector Quesada (2×)
4th Cir. · 1988 · signal: but cf. · confidence high
Id. at 891; see United States v. Quinn, 815 F.2d 153, 159 (1st Cir.1987) (upholding dog sniff inside defendant's automobile on showing of reasonable suspicion, unclear whether defendant consented to dog's intrusion); but cf. United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359 (2d Cir.1985), (dog sniff in corridor outside residential apartment is a search requiring probable cause and a warrant), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1986); see generally United States v. Dicesare, 765 F.2d 890, 901-03 (9th Cir.1985) (Reinhardt, J., concurring) (opining that dogs are potentially more intr…
examined Cited as authority (quoted) In Re the Nomination Petitions & Papers of Stevenson (2×)
Pa. · 2012 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
delaware valley ii
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Cruz Corral
10th Cir. · 1992 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
probable cause to believe certain items will be found in a specific location is a 'practical, nontechnical conception,' that need not be based on direct, first-hand, or 'hard' evidence.
cited Cited "see" Richard Alan Haase v. Hychem, Inc.
Tex. App. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Delaware Valley Citizens' Council for Clean Air v. Pennsylvania, C.A.3d, 1985, 755 F.2d 38, 43 , quoting Wright, Miller & Cooper, certiorari denied 106 S.Ct. 67 , 474 U.S. 819 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 .
cited Cited "see" United States v. Alex Wong, Roger Kwok, Chen I. Chung, Tung Tran, Danny Ngo, Brian Chan, Joseph Wang, Chiang T. Cheng, and Steven Ng
2d Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1363-64 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 67 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985), 479 U.S. 818 , 106 S.Ct. 67 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1986).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Escobar
E.D.N.Y · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1365 (2d Cir.) cert. denied sub nom Fisher v. United States, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Zwitserse Maatschappij Van Levensverzekering En Lijfrente v. Abn International Capital Markets Corporation
2d Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sweater Bee By Banff, Ltd. v. Manhattan Indus., 754 F.2d 457, 461 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 68 , 88 L.Ed.2d 55 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Zwitserse Maatschappij van Levensverzekering en Lijfrente v. ABN International Capital Markets Corp.
2d Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sweater Bee By Banff, Ltd. v. Manhattan Indus., 754 F.2d 457, 461 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 68 , 88 L.Ed.2d 55 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" DiCrisci v. Lyndon Guaranty Bank of New York
W.D.N.Y. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sweater Bee by Banff, Ltd. v. Manhattan Indus., Inc., 754 F.2d 457 (2d Cir.) (defendants did not waive right to compel arbitration by participating in discovery for two years and by filing motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), since they had previously asserted arbitration as a defense in their answer), ce rt. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 68 , 88 L.Ed.2d 55 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Colson v. Mitchell
E.D.N.Y · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1363 (2d Cir.) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" Hancock v. Dodson
6th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170, 180 , 104 S.Ct. 1735, 1742 , 80 L.Ed.2d 214 (1984); See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1367 (2d Cir.) (reasonable expectation of privacy around front door of home), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" Hancock v. Dodson
6th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170, 180 , 104 S.Ct. 1735, 1742 , 80 L.Ed.2d 214 (1984); See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1367 (2d Cir.) (reasonable expectation of privacy around front door of home), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" Levine v. Diamanthuset, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Karmun v. Commissioner, 749 F.2d 567, 570 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 53 (1985) 3 Wilmington argues it could not have discovered the fraud because it was legally obligated to leave the diamond cassettes intact.
cited Cited "see" Levine v. Diamanthuset, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Karmun v. Commissioner, 749 F.2d 567, 570 (9th Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 53 (1985). .
cited Cited "see" United States v. Craig J. MacDonald
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Karmun v. Commissioner, 749 F.2d 567, 570 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 (1985)
cited Cited "see" United States v. Coonan
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1370 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 67, 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985); United States v. Bagaric, 706 F.2d at 63 -64 n. 18.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Coonan
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1370 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 67, 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985); United States v. Bagaric, 706 F.2d at 63 -64 n. 18.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Virgil Cook
6th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1367 (2d Cir.) (holding that a dog sniff at the front door of a person's private home constitutes a "search"), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" The Money Store, Inc. v. Harriscorp Finance, Inc. (2×)
7th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Delaware Valley Citizens’ Council v. Pennsylvania, 755 F.2d 38, 41 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 67 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985); DeFilippis v. United States, 567 F.2d 341, 343 (7th Cir.1977).
discussed Cited "see" Ayers v. Philadelphia Housing Authority
E.D. Pa. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Delaware Valley Citizens’ Council for Clean Air v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 755 F.2d 38 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 67 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985) (consent decree approved by federal district court may not be collaterally attacked in state court on underlying state law issue).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Rigoberto Moya-Gomez Celestino Orlando Estevez Amado Raphael Leon Adalberto Herrera and Menelao Orlando Estevez
7th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Coronel-Quintana, 752 F.2d 1284, 1291 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985); United States v. Anguloa, 598 F.2d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir.1979); see also Fed.R.Crim.P. 28.
cited Cited "see" State v. Mira
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Persico
unknown court · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1364-65 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Persico
unknown court · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1364-65 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
cited Cited "see" ca3 1987
3rd Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Delaware Valley Citizens' Council for Clean Air v. Pennsylvania, 755 F.2d 38 , 40 n. 2 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 67 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Jackson v. University of Pittsburgh
3rd Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Delaware Valley Citizens’ Council for Clean Air v. Pennsylvania, 755 F.2d 38 , 40 n. 2 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 67 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
examined Cited "see, e.g." People v. Goberdhan (5×)
N.Y. App. Div. · 2025 · signal: see also · confidence low
Thus, to the extent that an anonymous jury was at all permissible at that time, a court considering the use of the procedure would have to ensure a defendant's opportunity to engage in meaningful voir dire while also giving adequate consideration to the reality that anonymity "may undermine the presumption of innocence by conveying [to the jury], before any evidence is presented, that the defendant is a dangerous person from whom the prospective jurors must be protected" ( People v Flores , 153 AD3d at 191-192 ; see People v Tenace , 229 AD3d at 912; see also United States v Thomas, 757 F2d 13…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Ganias (2×)
2d Cir. · 2016 · signal: see also · confidence low
See United States v. Reilly, 76 F.3d 1271, 1280 (2d Cir.) (“The good faith exception to the exclusionary rule does not protect searches by officers who fail to provide all potentially adverse information to the issuing judge.... ”), aff'd and amended, 91 F.3d 331 (2d Cir. 1996) (per curiam); see also United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1368 (2d Cir. 1985) (finding good faith reliance on a warrant, under Leon , where officers, first, committed a constitutional violation they did not reasonably know, at the time, was unconstitutional — a warrantless canine sniff— and second, in relyi…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Antone R. White, A/K/A Tone
D.C. Cir. · 1997 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare United States v. Kragness, 830 F.2d 842, 864 (8th Cir.1987) ("[Pjroof of the RICO conspiracy in fact rested upon proof of the drug conspiracies, and not upon proof of an agreement that some other predicate offenses would be committed.”) and United States v. Johnson, 911 F.2d 1394, 1398 (10th Cir.1990) with United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1371 (2d Cir.1985) ("[A] RICO conspiracy charge is satisfied by proof of an agreement to commit a felony, no proof of conspiracy to commit narcotics violations is necessary,”), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 818 , 107 S.Ct. 78 , 93 L.Ed.2d 34 (1986…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Smith (2×)
Or. Ct. App. · 1997 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Thomas, 757 F2d 1359, 1367 (2d Cir), cert den 474 US 819 (1985) (dog sniff outside apartment door requires probable cause); Commonwealth v. Martin, 534 Pa 136, 626 A2d 556 (Pa 1993) (requiring probable cause and warrant for dog sniff of person); compare People v. Dunn, 564 NE2d at 1058 (dog sniff outside apartment requires reasonable suspicion).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Burns v. Imagine Films Entertainment, Inc.
W.D.N.Y. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Rush v. Oppenheimer & Co., 779 F.2d 885, 887 (2d Cir.1985) (citing Sweater Bee By Banff, Ltd. v. Manhattan Industries, Inc., 754 F.2d 457, 461 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 68 , 88 L.Ed.2d 55 (1985)) (the litigation of substantial issues going to the merits of the suit may constitute a waiver of arbitration).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Air Separation, Inc. v. Underwriters at Lloyd's of London
9th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
Costs of the loss of use of a money judgment should not be borne by the injured plaintiff, but by the "defendant whose initial wrongful conduct invoked the judicial process and who has had the use of the money judgment throughout the period of delay." Perkins, 487 F.2d at 676 ; see also Devex Corp. v. General Motors Corp., 577 F.Supp. 429, 433 (D.Del.1983) (reasoning that because money has time value, the only way to make a party whole is to award interest from the time the party should have received the money."), aff'd, 749 F.2d 1020 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 68 , …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Air Separation, Inc. v. Underwriters at Lloyd's of London
9th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
Costs of the loss of use of a money judgment should not be borne by the injured plaintiff, but by the “defendant whose initial wrongful conduct invoked the judicial process and who has had the use of the money judgment throughout the period of delay.” Perkins, 487 F.2d at 676 ; see also Devex Corp. v. General Motors Corp., 577 F.Supp. 429, 433 (D.Del.1983) (reasoning that because money has time value, the only way to make a party whole is to award interest from the time the party should have received the money.”), aff'd, 749 F.2d 1020 (3d Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Campion v. State, Department of Community & Regional Affairs, Housing Assistance Division
Alaska · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
In Americana Fabrics , the court noted that “a combination of constitutional and statutory considerations requires state courts to give [preclusive] effect to the judgments of federal courts.” Americana Fabrics, 754 F.2d at 1529 (citing Stoll v. Gottlieb, 305 U.S. 165, 170-71 , 59 S.Ct. 134, 136-37 , 83 L.Ed. 104 (1938)); see also Delaware Valley Citizens’ Council for Clean Air v. Pennsylvania, 755 F.2d 38 , 43 (3d Cir.) (noting the “clearly established rule that state courts must give full faith and credit to the proceedings of federal courts”), cert denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct.…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Maldonado-Rivera
unknown court · 1990 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Nakashian, 820 F.2d at 553 (§ 371 conspiracy and conspiracy to import and distribute narcotics in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 963 and 846); United States v. Barton, 647 F.2d at 237 (§ 371 conspiracy and RICO conspiracy in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1962 (d)); see also, United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1369-71 (2d Cir.) (finding two specific conspiracy statutes, 18 U.S.C. § 1962 (d) and 21 U.S.C. § 846 , to be nonmultiplicitous), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 66 , 88 L.Ed.2d 54 (1985).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Marlin Oil Corp. v. Colorado Interstate Gas Co.
W.D. Okla. · 1988 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
Cone, 460 U.S. at 24 , 103 S.Ct. at 941 ; see, e.g., Sweater Bee v. Manhattan Industries, 754 F.2d 457, 461, 466 (2d Cir.), cert. den., 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 68 , 88 L.Ed.2d 55 (1985); Hart, 453 F.2d at 1360 ; cf. In re Mercury Construc.
cited Cited "see, e.g." State v. Wynne
N.M. Ct. App. · 1988 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See e.g., United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359 (2d Cir.), cert. denied sub nom., 474 U.S. 819 , 106 S.Ct. 67 , 88 L.Ed. 2d 54 (1985).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Best v. California Apprenticeship Council (2×)
Cal. Ct. App. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
(Cf. Webb v. Dyer County Bd. of Ed., supra, 471 U.S. at pp. 250-252 [85 L.Ed.2d at pp. 247-248, 105 S.Ct. at p. 1933 , cone, and dis. opn. of Brennan, J., and Blackmun, J.] [no reason to draw artificial distinction based on whether time spent preparing directly for litigation or instead in administrative proceeding that led directly to litigation]; North Carolina Dept. of Transp. v. Crest Street (1986) 479 U.S. 6, 14 [ 93 L.Ed. 2d 188, 196-197 , 107 S.Ct. 336, 341 ] [a court may award fees for administrative proceedings prior to the litigation].) We hold Best is entitled to an award of attorne…
Karmun
v.
Commissioner of Internal Revenue
No. 84-1772.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 7, 1985.
474 U.S. 819

C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.