green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 4×
12.4 score
“generally, property belongs to the debtor for the purposes of 547 if its transfer will deprive the bankruptcy estate of something which could otherwise be used to satisfy the claims of creditors.”
Treatment trajectory · 1989 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1989
2007
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
discussed
Cited "but see"
Golden Budha Corporation v. Canadian Land Company of America
But see DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103, 109-10 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988). 14 Relying on N.Y.Debt. & Cred.Law Sec. 273, the district court determined that no claim for fraudulent conveyance was established in the complaint because of a failure to plead the statutory elements of such a claim: a conveyance of property made "by a person who is or will be thereby rendered insolvent ... without regard to his actual intent if the conveyance is made ... without fair consideration." Since no insolvency on the part of any of the appellees w…
cited
Cited "but see"
Golden Budha Corp. v. Canadian Land Co. of America, N.V.
But see DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103, 109-10 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Samson v. Western Capital Partners LLC (In re Blixseth)
the burden of proving the existence of these elements is on the bankruptcy trustee
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Womack v. Horob Livestock Inc. (In Re Horob Livestock Inc.)
the burden of proving the existence of these elements is on the bankruptcy trustee
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of 360networks (USA) Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission of California (In Re 360networks (USA) Inc.)
roperty belongs to the debtor for purposes of 547 if its transfer will deprive the bankruptcy estate of something which could otherwise be used to satisfy the claims of creditors.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Steinberg v. NCNB National Bank of North Carolina (In Re Grabill Corp.)
generally, property belongs to the debtor for the purposes of 547 if its transfer will deprive the bankruptcy estate of something which could otherwise be used to satisfy the claims of creditors.
discussed
Cited "see"
Smith v. Levin
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see Matter of Taylor, 277 AD2d 322 [2000]; Matter of Gordon, 249 AD2d 395 [1998]; Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 [1997]; see generally Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 [1986], affd 71 NY2d 146 [1987], cert denied 486 US 1056 [1988]).
discussed
Cited "see"
Soriano v. D'Amico
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see Matter of Taylor v People, 277 AD2d 322 [2000]; Matter of Gordon, 249 AD2d 395 [1998]; Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 [1997]; see generally Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 [1986], affd 71 NY2d 146 [1987], cert denied 486 US 1056 [1988]).
discussed
Cited "see"
Yara v. Levin
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
PSINet, Inc. v. Cisco Systems Capital Corp. (In Re PSINet, Inc.)
See DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103, 106 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 ("Where an owner pursues the party who took his property, the three-year period begins to run when the property was taken”) (emphasis added). 74 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Taylor v. People
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Taylor v People, 277 AD2d 322 ; Matter of Gordon, 249 AD2d 395 ; Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
O'Neill v. Tursi
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Alvarez-Hernandez v. Tursi
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Yara v. Levin
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Taylor v. People
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Webb v People, 277 AD2d 323 [decided herewith]; Matter of Gordon, 249 AD2d 395 ; Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Webb v. People
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Taylor v People, 277 AD2d 322 [decided herewith]; Matter of Gordon, 249 AD2d 395 ; Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
In re Bonton
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sistrom ex rel. McCoy v. O'Donohoe
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Gordon, 249 AD2d 395 ; Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; Matter of Bell v People, 250 AD2d 610 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Towers (In Re Feiler)
See Bakersfield Westar, 226 B.R. at 233 (citing Darning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of N. Am.), 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom. 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988)). “ ‘Generally, property belongs to the debtor ... if its transfer will deprive the bankruptcy estate of something which could otherwise be used to satisfy the claims of creditors.’ ” Id. (quoting Bullion Reserve, 836 F.2d at 1217 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Bell v. People
Adjudged that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements (see, Matter of Gordon, 249 AD2d 395 ; Matter of Hale, 239 AD2d 500 ; see generally, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 120 AD2d 8 , affd 71 NY2d 146 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Morgold, Inc. v. Keeler
Accord DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 108, 106 (2nd Cir.1987), cert. denied 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988); Guggenheim Foundation v. Lubell, 153 A.D.2d 143 , 550 N.Y.S.2d 618, 619-23 (1990). (3) Art is also subject to the ordinary principles of the consignment and conversion of chattels.
discussed
Cited "see"
Continental Cas. Co. v. Stronghold Ins. Co., Ltd.
See DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103 , 107 n. 3 (2nd Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988); Hoelzer v. City of Stamford, 722 F.Supp. 1106 , 1113 n. 34 (S.D.N.Y.1989), aff'd, 933 F.2d 1131 (2nd Cir.1991); Solomon R.
discussed
Cited "see"
Golden Mortgage Fund 14 v. Kennedy (In Re Golden Triangle Capital, Inc.)
(2×)
See, In re Bullion Reserve of North America, 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.1988), cert. denied, Bozek v. Danning, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
In Re Joint Eastern & Southern Dist. Asbestos Lit.
See De Weerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103 , 108 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
Maiorana v. National Gypsum Co.
See De Weerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103 , 108 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
Timothy J. Henderson, Trustee v. Neil Buchanan, and Bruno Menicucci, Anna Menicucci, and Menicucci Insurance Services, Inc.
In Graulty, this court concluded that a Ponzi scheme is not a business, and that transfers related to the scheme are not within the “ordinary course of business.” Id. at 216-17 ; accord Banning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North America), 836 F.2d 1214, 1219 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988).
cited
Cited "see"
In Re BROOKLYN NAVY YARD ASBESTOS LITIGATION (Joint Eastern and Southern District Asbestos Litigation)
See DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103, 108 (2d Cir.1987), cert, denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988); Cooper v. American Airlines, Inc., 149 F.2d 355, 359 (2d Cir.1945).
discussed
Cited "see"
In Re Eastern & Southern Districts Asbestos Litigation
See DeWeerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103 , 108 n. 5 (2d Cir.1987) (procedure recently authorized for certification of state law questions “should be confined to issues likely to recur with some frequency”), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988); Kidney v. Kolmar Laboratories, Inc., 808 F.2d 955 , 957 (2d Cir.1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Max WIDER, Appellant, v. Dale WOOTTON, Trustee of the Estate of Ronald Cohen, Appellee
See In re Bullion Reserve of North America, 836 F.2d 1214 , 1219 n. 8 (9th Cir.) (“A ‘Ponzi’ scheme is any sort of fraudulent arrangement that uses later acquired funds or products to pay off previous investors.”), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988). “[Transfers made in a ‘Ponzi’ scheme are not made in the ordinary course of business.” Id. at 1219.
discussed
Cited "see"
Louis Kenneth Risken v. United States
See Larson v. United States, 835 F.2d 169, 172 (8th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); Poor Thunder v. United States, 810 F.2d 817, 822-23 (8th Cir.1987).
cited
Cited "see"
VMS/PCA Ltd. Partnership v. PCA Partners Ltd. Partnership
See Bosco v. Serhant, 836 F.2d 271, 281 (7th Cir.1987), cert. *1173 denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); Watts, 774 F.2d at 179 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Benavides Posada v. Banco Popular de Puerto Rico (In re Benavides Posada)
See, 5 Lawrence P. King, et al., Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 547.03(15th ed rev’d 2006), citing Boberschmidt v. Society Nat'l Bank, (In re Jones), 226 F.3d 917, 921 (7th Cir.2000); See also, In re Bullion Reserve of North America, 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); see also, Waldschmidt v. Ranier, (In re Fulghum Construction Corp), 706 F.2d 171 , 172 (6th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 935 , 104 S.Ct. 342 , 78 L.Ed.2d 310 (1983); In re Vj Intern., 359 B.R. 401 (Bankr.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Jacobs v. Matrix Capital Bank (In re AppOnline.com, Inc.)
See also Banning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North America), 836 F.2d 1214, 1218 (9th Cir.1988) (“even if an express trust were created, [the defendant] would still have a duty under federal bankruptcy law to trace his funds to the [payment] he received”), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); First Fed. of Mich. v. Barrow, 878 F.2d 912 , 915 (6th Cir.1989) (“any party seeking to impress a trust upon funds for purposes of exemption from a bankrupt estate must identify the trust fund in its original or substituted form”); Daly v. Radulesco (In re …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Apponline. Com, Inc.
See also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North America), 836 F.2d 1214, 1218 (9th Cir.1988) ("even if an express trust were created, [the defendant] would still have a duty under federal bankruptcy law to trace his funds to the [payment] he received"), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); First Fed. of Mich. v. Barrow, 878 F.2d 912 , 915 (6th Cir.1989) ("any party seeking to impress a trust upon funds for purposes of exemption from a bankrupt estate must identify the trust fund in its original or substituted form"); Daly v. Radulesco (In re Carrozze…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Richardson v. Wells Fargo Bank (In Re Churchill Nut Co.)
See also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North America), 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); Mandross v. Peoples Banking Co. (In re Hartley), 825 F.2d 1067, 1069 (6th Cir.1987); Yellowhouse Machinery Co. v. Mack (In re Hughes), 704 F.2d 820, 822 (5th Cir.1983) (“[t]he nature of the preference avoiding powers ... is intended to promote the common good of all of an estate’s creditors”). 2.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Reich v. CONSTRUCTION LABORERS LOCAL NO. 1140
See, e.g., South Central United Food & Commercial Workers Unions v. C & G Markets, Inc., 836 F.2d 221, 225 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988) (employer seeking refund of overpaid contributions is entitled to simple interest from the date of overpayment; when employer made overpay-ments in some years and was delinquent in others, overpayments plus interest may be offset against delinquencies).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Taylor Associates v. Diamant (In Re Advent Management Corp.)
(2×)
See also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of N. Am.), 836 F.2d 1214 , 1217 n. 3 (9th Cir.) (dictum), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); In re Sierra Steel, Inc., 96 B.R. at 273.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hansen v. MacDonald Meat Co.
Barnhill v. Johnson, — U.S. -, -, 112 S.Ct. 1386, 1389 , 118 L.Ed.2d 39 (1992); Mitsui Manufacturers Bank v. Unicom Computer Corp. (In re Unicom Computer Corp.), 13 F.3d 321 (9th Cir.1994) (looking to California law of constructive trusts to determine property of the debtor); see also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North America), 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988) (“property of the debtor” should be defined broadly).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Kemp Pacific Fisheries, Inc.
Barnhill v. Johnson, --- U.S. ----, ----, 112 S.Ct. 1386, 1389 , 118 L.Ed.2d 39 (1992); Mitsui Manufacturers Bank v. Unicom Computer Corp. (In re Unicom Computer Corp.), 13 F.3d 321 (9th Cir.1994) (looking to California law of constructive trusts to determine property of the debtor); see also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North America), 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988) ("property of the debtor" should be defined broadly).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Sender v. Buchanan (In Re Hedged-Investments Associates, Inc.)
See, e.g., Danning v. Bozek, 836 F.2d 1214 (9th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); Wider v. Wootton, 907 F.2d 570 (5th Cir.1990).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Mitsui Manufacturers Bank v. Unicom Computer Corp.
See also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of N. Am.), 836 F.2d 1214 , 1217 n. 3 (9th Cir.) (dictum), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); In re Sierra Steel, Inc., 96 B.R. at 273 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Unicom Computer Corporation
See also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of N. Am.), 836 F.2d 1214 , 1217 n. 3 (9th Cir.) (dictum), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); In re Sierra Steel, Inc., 96 B.R. at 273 . 14 In Torres v. Eastlick (In re North Am.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Jobin v. Lalan (In Re M & L Business MacHine Co.)
See, e.g., Danning v. Bozek, 836 F.2d 1214 (9th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In re Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
There is no question that there is a general public interest in disclosure of court records (see, Nixon v Warner Communications, 435 US 589, 597 ; see also, Matter of Newsday, Inc. v Sise, 71 NY2d 146, 153, n 4 , cert denied 486 US 1056 ; Matter of Brownstone, 191 AD2d 167 ), or that that interest is a factor which should be taken into account when a court is deciding whether to grant a motion to seal pursuant to section 216.1.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Torrez
United States v. Whiting Pools, Inc., 462 U.S. 198 , 205 fn. 10, 103 S.Ct. 2309, 2314 , 76 L.Ed.2d 515, 522 (1983); accord in Begier v. IRS, 495 U.S. -, 110 S.Ct. 2258 , 110 L.Ed.2d 46, 59 (1990); see also In re Bullion Reserve of North America, 836 F.2d 1214 (9th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom., Bozek v. Danning, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Nordberg v. Arab Banking Corp. (In Re Chase & Sanborn Corp.)
See, e.g., Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North Am.), 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); Yellowhouse Machinery Co. v. Mack (In re Hughes), 704 F.2d 820, 822 (5th Cir.1983); Barash v. Public Fin.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States Trustee v. Kinser
See also In re Bullion Reserve, 836 F.2d 1214 , 1217 n. 2 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988) (amendment to § 547(c)(2) did not apply because debtor filed its bankruptcy petition in 1983); In re Energy Co-op Inc., 832 F.2d. 997 , 1000 n. 2 (7th Cir.1987) (45-day requirement applied because § 547(c)(2) amendment applicable only to “bankruptcy cases” filed 90 days after July 10, 1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Yoder v. T.E.L. Leasing, Inc. (In Re Suburban Motor Freight, Inc.)
See also Danning v. Bozek (In re Bullion Reserve of North America), 836 F.2d 1214, 1217 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988); Sierra Steel, Inc. v. S & S Steel Fabrication (In re Sierra Steel, Inc.), 96 B.R. 271 (9th Cir.BAP 1989); In re Western World Funding, Inc., 54 B.R. 470, 475 (Bankr.D.Nev.1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Autocephalous Greek-Orthodox Church of Cyprus and the Republic of Cyprus v. Goldberg and Feldman Fine Arts, Inc., and Peg Goldberg
(2×)
See, e.g., De Weerth v. Baldinger, 836 F.2d 103 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2823 , 100 L.Ed.2d 924 (1988); Kunstsammlungen zu Weimar v. Elicofon, 678 F.2d 1150 (2d Cir.1982); Menzel v. List, 22 A.D.2d 647 , 253 N.Y.S.2d 43 (1964), and 49 Misc.2d 300 , 267 N.Y.S.2d 804 (Sup.Ct.1966), modified on other grounds, 28 A.D.2d 516 , 279 N.Y.S.2d 608 (1967), modification rev'd, 24 N.Y.2d 91 , 246 N.E.2d 742 , 298 N.Y.S.2d 979 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
MacMillan, Inc. v. Federal Insurance
See also Atlantic Permanent Federal Savings & Loan Association v. American Casualty Co., 839 F.2d 212, 215, n. 5 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1056 , 108 S.Ct. 2824 , 100 L.Ed.2d 925 (1988) (Court refuses to allow recovery under Executive Indemnification clause, despite company’s granting of indemnification, because the indemnification procedure followed did not comply with federal banking regulations); PLM, Inc. v. National Union, C.A.
South Central United Food & Commercial Workers Unions and Employers Health & Welfare Trust
v.
C & G Markets, Inc.
v.
C & G Markets, Inc.
No. 87-1745.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jun 13, 1988.
486 U.S. 1056
Published
C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.