Muldrow v. State, 842 So. 2d 240 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). · Go Syfert
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Muldrow v. State, 842 So. 2d 240 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
11 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Church v. Secretary, Department of Corrections (Pinellas County) (flmd, 2025-09-02)
Top citers, strongest first. 7 distinct citers.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Church v. Secretary, Department of Corrections (Pinellas County)
M.D. Fla. · 2025 · confidence medium
Muldrow v. State, 842 So. 2d 240, 242 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Carter v. Secretary, Department of Corrections (Hillsborough County)
M.D. Fla. · 2024 · confidence medium
Section 2254(d) provides that federal habeas relief cannot be granted on a claim adjudicated on the merits in state court unless the state court’s adjudication: (1) resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States; or (2) resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding. 1 “The 10-20-Life statute provides for a minimum mandatory sentence of ten years for possession…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Richard C. Solomon v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2018 · confidence medium
See Allen v. State, 853 So. 2d 533, 535-37 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003) (affirming trial court’s order entered under rule 3.800(a) correcting the length of the previously imposed minimum mandatory provision of the sentence); Parker v. State, 921 So. 2d 812, 812-13 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006) (reversing enhanced twenty-five-year minimum mandatory sentence imposed pursuant to section 775.087(2)(a)3. absent a clear jury finding that a firearm was discharged); Muldrow v. State, 842 So. 2d 240, 242 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003) (reversing twenty-year mandatory minimum sentence because the jury finding of possession of a fir…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Lee v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
See Thompson v. State, 862 So.2d 955, 958 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004); Muldrow v. State, 842 So.2d 240, 242 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Freudenberger v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
"Before the trial court may impose the minimum mandatory sentence, the jury must make a specific finding of the fact that dictates the minimum mandatory sentence." Muldrow v. State, 842 So.2d 240, 241 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).
cited Cited "see" McClenithan v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Muldrow v. State, 842 So.2d 240, 242 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Koch v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2004 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Muldrow v. State, 842 So.2d 240 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).
Demetrius MULDROW, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Florida, Appellee.
2D01-2106, 2D01-2166.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District.
Apr 9, 2003.
842 So. 2d 240
Fulmer.
Cited by 9 opinions  |  Published

[*241] James Marion Moorman, Public Defender, and Anthony C. Musto, Assistant Public Defender, Bartow, for Appellant.

Charles J. Crist, Jr., Attorney General, Tallahassee; Dale E. Tarpley, Assistant Attorney General and Ha T. Dao, Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, for Appellee.

FULMER, Judge.

Demetrius Muldrow appeals his sentence for attempted robbery with a firearm. Muldrow was sentenced to twenty years in prison, as a minimum mandatory, under the "10-20-Life" statute, section 775.087(2)(a)(2), Florida Statutes (1999). Because the verdict form does not reflect a clear jury finding that Muldrow discharged a firearm, we reverse and remand for resentencing.

The information alleged that in the course of committing an attempted robbery Muldrow "carried a firearm and discharged the firearm." The 10-20-Life statute provides for a minimum mandatory sentence of ten years for possession of a firearm during the commission of an attempted robbery[1] and a minimum mandatory sentence of twenty years for the discharge of a firearm during the commission of an attempted robbery.[2] Before the trial court may impose the minimum mandatory sentence, the jury must make a specific finding of the fact that dictates the minimum mandatory sentence, i.e., possession or discharge.

The verdict form submitted to Muldrow's jury provided four options:

A. The defendant is guilty of Attempted Robbery with a Firearm, as charged.
B. The defendant is guilty of the Lesser crime of Attempted Robbery with a Weapon.
C. The defendant is guilty of the Lesser crime of Attempted Robbery.
D. The defendant is not guilty.

The jury chose option A and convicted Muldrow of attempted robbery with a firearm as charged. At sentencing, the trial court stated:

[I]t's noted in the Information that they charged with you (sic) with attempted robbery with a firearm and that in fact you discharged the firearm in furtherance of the attempted robbery. The court is going to find that pursuant to— there was sufficient evidence at the trial for this jury to conclude that you in fact did discharge the weapon in furtherance of the attempted robbery.

[*242] Based on this finding, the trial court imposed an enhanced sentence of twenty years in prison pursuant to section 775.087(2)(a)(2).

Citing Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), Muldrow argues that the sentence is illegal because the jury did not make a specific finding that Muldrow discharged a firearm. We agree that Apprendi applies, and as the State points out, Florida Supreme Court precedent that predates Apprendi would also require a clear jury finding that Muldrow discharged a firearm in order to justify enhancement under section 775.087(2)(a)(2). See Tucker v. State, 726 So.2d 768 (Fla.1999); State v. Hargrove, 694 So.2d 729 (Fla.1997); State v. Tripp, 642 So.2d 728 (Fla.1994); State v. Overfelt, 457 So.2d 1385 (Fla.1984).

The State contends that because the jury was given the information to take to the jury room and found Muldrow guilty "as charged," the verdict rendered incorporates the allegation in the information that Muldrow discharged a firearm. We disagree with this contention. The phrase "with a firearm, as charged" incorporates the factual allegation that Muldrow possessed a firearm, which would justify imposition of a ten-year minimum sentence under the enhancement provision in section 775.087(2)(a)(1). See Tucker, 726 So.2d at 772 (stating that enhanced sentence should be upheld if based on a jury verdict which specifically refers to the use of a firearm, either as a separate finding or by the inclusion of a reference to a firearm). However, the verdict form makes no reference to the discharge of a firearm.[3] It cannot be said that a factual finding that a firearm was possessed constitutes a factual finding that the firearm was discharged. Therefore, the verdict form does not incorporate the factual allegation that Muldrow discharged the firearm as required for imposition of the twenty-year minimum mandatory sentence. See Tripp, 642 So.2d at 730 (explaining that jury's verdict that the defendant is guilty of "charges made against him in the Information" is insufficient to establish that a weapon was used, even if the information alleged that the defendant used a weapon during commission of the crime); see also Orjales v. State, 758 So.2d 1157 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (following Tripp). If this jury found that Muldrow committed the attempted robbery while possessing a firearm but did not discharge it, the verdict that would reflect these findings is the same verdict that was rendered.[4] Thus, we cannot say that the verdict form reflects a clear jury finding that Muldrow discharged the firearm.

Accordingly, we reverse the sentence imposed and remand for resentencing in case no. 2D01-2106. On remand, the judgment should be corrected to classify the attempted robbery with a firearm conviction as a second-degree felony. We reject[*243] without discussion the issue raised in consolidated case no. 2D01-2166.

Case 2D01-2166 affirmed; in case 2D01-2106, the conviction is affirmed, but the sentence is reversed and remanded with directions.

WHATLEY and SILBERMAN, JJ., Concur.

1 § 775.087(2)(a)(1), Fla. Stat. (1999).
2 § 775.087(2)(a)(2), Fla. Stat. (1999).
3 We also note that the instructions read to the jury contained no reference to the discharge of a firearm.
4 Although it is not dispositive, we note that the issue of whether Muldrow discharged a firearm was a disputed issue at trial, and the evidence was such that the jury could have logically found that Muldrow committed the attempted robbery with a firearm but did not discharge it. In fact, Muldrow contends that the evidence was insufficient to support a jury finding that he discharged a firearm. We reject this contention because we conclude that there was sufficient circumstantial evidence by which the jury could have found that Muldrow discharged a firearm if the question had been properly posed on the verdict form. And, in any event, a jury finding of a discharge is required even where the evidence of discharge is uncontested. See Tucker, 726 So.2d 768.