United States v. Humberto Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868 (11th Cir. 1984). · Go Syfert
United States v. Humberto Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868 (11th Cir. 1984). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“more evidence than possession of a key was necessary to satisfy appellant's burden of establishing a legitimate expectation of privacy in the premises.”
81 citation events (39 in the last 25 years) across 16 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Randall Conner Wade v. State (texapp, 2004-06-24)
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
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Top citers, strongest first. 47 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Randall Conner Wade v. State
Tex. App. · 2004 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
more evidence than possession of a key was necessary to satisfy appellant's burden of establishing a legitimate expectation of privacy in the premises.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Randall Conner Wade v. State
Tex. App. · 2004 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
more evidence than possession of a key was necessary to satisfy appellant's burden of establishing a legitimate expectation of privacy in the premises.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Hector Manuel Bossio
11th Cir. · 2020 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1984) (quotation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Juan Carlos Rodriguez (2×)
11th Cir. · 2019 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Frederick Campbell v. United States
11th Cir. · 2018 · confidence medium
We have stated that someone who does not own or rent the searched premises can establish a legitimate expectation of privacy "by demonstrating an unrestricted right of occupancy or custody and control of the premises as distinguished from occasional presence on the premises as a mere guest or invitee." Baron-Mantilla , 743 F.2d at 870 (quotation marks omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Medina
S.D. Fla. · 2015 · confidence medium
See Rehberg v. Paulk, 611 F.3d 828, 842 (11th Cir.2010) (citations omitted); United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (citation omitted).- To establish a reasonable expectation of privacy, the defendant must manifest a subjective expectation of privacy in the items searched or seized, and society must be prepared to recognize that expectation as legitimate or objectively reasonable.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jeffrey Earl Myrick v. State
Tex. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
See Wade v. State, No. 02-02-241-CR, 2004 WL 1416111 , at *4 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth, Jun. *67 24, 2004, pet. ref'd) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (citing United States v. Silva, 247 F.3d 1051, 1056 (9th Cir.2000) (holding, based on totality of circumstances, defendants had no standing to challenge search of shed in which methamphetamine was being produced, even though defendants claimed to have stayed in shed during previous night and possessed key to shed); United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1984) ("More evidence than possession of a key was necessary to …
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Kenneth H. Burke, Jr. (3×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
To establish standing, Burke “bears the burden of demonstrating a legitimate expectation of privacy in the areas searched.” United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Henry
N.D. Ga. · 2013 · confidence medium
To have an expectation of privacy in premises that he did not own or lease, a defendant must show “ ‘an unrestricted right of occupancy or custody and control of the premises as distinguished from occasional presence on the premises as a mere guest or invitee.’ ” Id. (quoting United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984)); see also United States v. Chaves, 169 F.3d 687, 690-91 (11th Cir.1999) (same); United States v. Bachner, 706 F.2d 1121 , 1126 n. 6 (11th Cir.1983) (same); Garcia, 741 F.2d at 366 (stating that although defendant had more than tenuous interest in …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Bushay (2×)
N.D. Ga. · 2012 · confidence medium
To have an expectation of privacy in a hotel room that he did not rent, Bushay must show “an unrestricted right of occupancy or custody and control of the premises as distinguished from occasional presence on the premises as a mere guest or invitee.” United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Lisbon
N.D. Ga. · 2011 · confidence medium
United States v. Cossio, 336 Fed.Appx. 909, 912 (11th Cir.2009) (quoting United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984)); see also United States v. Torres, 705 F.2d 1287,1294-95 (11th Cir.1983), vacated en banc, consideration pending remand to panel, 718 F.2d 998 (11th Cir. 1983), remanded, 720 F.2d 1506 (11th Cir. 1983), on appeal after remand, 741 F.2d 1323 (11th Cir.1984) (where appellants were house guests of searched house, ate, slept and showered there, stored personal belongings there and were the only guests in house at time of search, appellants would have standing…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Frederick Campbell (2×)
11th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
We review the evidence from a motion to suppress “in the light most favorable to the government.” United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Degaule
N.D. Ga. · 2011 · confidence medium
See also California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207, 211 , 106 S.Ct. 1809 , 90 L.Ed.2d 210 (1986) (standing to challenge search requires a subjective expectation of privacy that society would recognize as legitimate); United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (per curiam).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Todd D. Crisp
11th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
To establish a violation of his Fourth Amendment rights, “the defendant bears the burden of demonstrating a legitimate expectation of privacy in the areas searched,” United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984), and the legitimacy of a defendant’s subjective expectation of privacy turns on whether society is prepared to recognize that expectation as reasonable, United States v. Ford, 34 F.3d 992, 995 (11th Cir.1994) (citing Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 361 , 88 S.Ct. 507 , 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967) (Harlan, J., concurring)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Luis A. Cossino
11th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (quoting United States v. Bachner, 706 F.2d 1121 , 1126 n. 6 (11th Cir.1983)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Crisp
M.D. Fla. · 2008 · confidence medium
See United States v. Chaves, 169 F.3d 687, 691 (11th Cir.1999); United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1984) (per curiam).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Best
N.D. Ind. · 2003 · confidence medium
Ruth, 65 F.3d at 604 -05 (citing United States v. Duprey, 895 F.2d 303, 309 (7th Cir.1989)); United States v. Zermeno, 66 F.3d 1058, 1061 (9th Cir.1995) (citing Rawlings v. Kentucky, 448 U.S. 98, 104 , 100 S.Ct. 2556 , 65 L.Ed.2d 633 (1980)); United States v. Barony-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Sarkisian
9th Cir. · 1999 · confidence medium
Cf United States v. Anderson, 154 F.3d 1225, 1230 (10th Cir.1998), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 119 S.Ct. 2048 , 144 L.Ed.2d 215 (1999) (“a corporate employee does not have standing to challenge the search of corporate offices not his own or other property merely because the employee has access to or control over certain areas”); Aguirre, 839 F.2d at 859 (defendant lacked standing to challenge search of an apartment where the defendant was not the lessor, presented no proof of former usage, denied any interest in the items seized, and there was no evidence of efforts to exclude others from en…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) ca9 1999
9th Cir. · 1999 · confidence medium
Cf. United States v. Anderson, 154 F.3d 1225, 1230 (10th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 2048 (1999) ("a corporate employee does not have standing to challenge the search of corporate offices not his own or other property merely because the employee has access to or control over certain areas"); Aguirre, 839 F.2d at 859 (defendant lacked standing to challenge search of an apartment where the defendant was not the lessor, presented no proof of former usage, denied any interest in the items seized, and there was no evidence of efforts to exclude others from enjoyment of the property, or of …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Morton v. United States (2×)
D.C. · 1999 · confidence medium
Cohen, supra, 100 Ill.Dec. 166 , 496 N.E.2d at 1237 (citing United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1984); United States v. Adamo, 742 F.2d 927, 947-48 (6th Cir.1984)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Brazel (2×)
11th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (citing Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 , 130 n. 1, 99 S.Ct. 421 , 424 n. 1, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) ca11 1997 (2×)
11th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (citing Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 , 130 n. 1, 99 S.Ct. 421 , 424 n. 1, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hopkins v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 , 130 n. 1, 99 S.Ct. 421 , 424 n. 1, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 , 393 n. 1 (1978)." United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984), quoted in United States v. Eyster, 948 F.2d 1196, 1209 (11th Cir.1991).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Carmen Rosa Behety, Felino Ramirez-Valdez
11th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Robert Irving Eyster, A/K/A Bobby, Jack Leroy Marshall
11th Cir. · 1991 · confidence medium
The government cites us to United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984), in which we held that: [t]o prevail on a claim that evidence was seized in violation of the fourth amendment, the defendant bears the burden of demonstrating a legitimate expectation of privacy in the areas searched.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Armando Balbino Ramos, Evaristo Ramos
11th Cir. · 1991 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Earl Wayne Nash (2×)
11th Cir. · 1990 · confidence medium
E.g., United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (per curiam).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Sixto Roberto Rioseco
11th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
While we must defer to the district court’s factual findings, if not clearly erroneous, and view the evidence adduced at the suppression hearing in the light most favorable to the government, see United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984), we give plenary review to the application of law to the facts.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Robert Lee Alexander
11th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (per curiam).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Gerena
D. Conn. · 1987 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984). *1264 The Court finds that Segarra's professed interest in Anne Gassin’s apartment lacks most of the significant aspects of “reasonableness” present in the Donaldson case. 2 In fact, the defendant’s factual allegations, even taken as true, establish that his claim is substantially similar to claims that have been denied by a number of courts.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. David Kirk
11th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
A. Misidentification of Kirk and Hembree Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Kirk, United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984), we hold that the finding of reckless disregard in the misidentification of Kirk and Hembree is amply supported by the record.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Alberto M. Arends (2×)
11th Cir. · 1985 · confidence medium
U.S. v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Evelio Sarda-Villa, Mario Leonardo Paret-Casola (2×)
11th Cir. · 1985 · confidence medium
Rakas, 439 U.S. at 152 , 99 S.Ct. at 435 (Powell, J., concurring); United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Gilley
S.D. Ga. · 1985 · confidence medium
United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 869 (11th Cir.1984), citing Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 , 130 n. 1, 99 S.Ct. 421 , 424 n. 1, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 , 393 n. 1 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Hall v. Thomas
S.D. Ala. · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Lewis Franklin (2×)
11th Cir. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Timothy Paul Muegge
11th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Alexander, 835 F.2d 1406, 1408 (11th Cir.1988) (affirming district court’s denial of motion to suppress evidence seized in a warrantless search) (citing United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984)) (affirming denial of motion to suppress; “we view the evidence adduced at the suppression hearing in the light most favorable to the government.”).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Timothy Paul Muegge
11th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Alexander, 835 F.2d 1406, 1408 (11th Cir. 1988) (affirming district court's denial of motion to suppress evidence seized in a warrantless search) (citing United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1994) (affirming denial of motion to suppress; "we view the evidence adduced at the suppression hearing in the light most favorable to the government.").
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Timothy Paul Muegge
11th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Alexander, 835 F.2d 1406, 1408 (11th Cir.1988) (affirming district court's denial of motion to suppress evidence seized in a warrantless search) (citing United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984)) (affirming denial of motion to suppress; "we view the evidence adduced at the suppression hearing in the light most favorable to the government.").
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Frank Chaves and Rafael Garcia
11th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (finding that defendant, who did not own or rent premises searched, “could have established a legitimate expectation of priva *691 cy by demonstrating ‘an unrestricted right of occupancy or custody and control of the premises as distinguished from occasional presence on the premises as a mere guest or invitee.’ ”) (quoting United States v. Bachner, 706 F.2d 1121 , 1126 n. 6 (11th Cir.1983)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Chavez
11th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (finding that defendant, who did not own or rent 4 premises searched, "could have established a legitimate expectation of privacy by demonstrating 'an unrestricted right of occupancy or custody and control of the premises as distinguished from occasional presence on the premises as a mere guest or invitee.' ") (quoting United States v. Bachner, 706 F.2d 1121 , 1126 n. 6 (11th Cir.1983)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Chavez
11th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1984) (finding that defendant, who did not own or rent premises searched, “could have established a legitimate expectation of privacy by demonstrating ‘an unrestricted right of occupancy or custody and control of the premises as distinguished from occasional presence on the premises as a mere guest or invitee.’”) (quoting United States v. Bachner, 706 F.2d 1121 , 1126 n.6 (11th Cir. 1983)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Anderson
10th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla , 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir. 1984) (mere possession of a key to the premises searched is insufficient to confer standing).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. James S. Anderson (2×)
10th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (mere possession of a key to the premises searched is insufficient to confer standing). 15 Most cases that discuss employee standing involve seizure of work-related documents from the workplace.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Jimmy Lee Nixon, Richard Nixon, Michael Parks, Emmitt Lamar Manns, Henry L. Manns, Michael Keeley, Gerald Wells
11th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Curcio (2×)
E.D. Pa. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984); see also Abel v. United States, 362 U.S. 217, 241 , 80 S.Ct. 683, 698 , 4 L.Ed.2d 668 (1960) (search of defendant’s hotel room after he had checked out and paid bill did not violate Fourth Amendment); Sledge, 650 F.2d at 1978-79 (defendant loses legitimate expectation of privacy in abandoned rental property).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Gerena
D. Conn. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Baron-Mantilla, 743 F.2d 868, 870 (11th Cir.1984) (mere possession of a key to the premises searched held insufficient to confer standing).
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Humberto BARON-MANTILLA, Defendant-Appellant
83-5436.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Oct 9, 1984.
743 F.2d 868
Melvyn Kessler, Miami, Fla., for defendant-appellant., Stanley Marcus, U.S. Atty., Linda Collins-Hertz, Nancy L. Worthington, James G. McAdams, III, Asst. U.S. Attys., Miami, Fla., for plaintiff-appellee.
Tjoflat, Clark, Goldberg.
Cited by 55 opinions  |  Published
PER CURIAM:

Appellant, Humberto Baron-Mantilla, appeals his conviction under 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) (1982) for knowingly and intentionally possessing with the intent to distribute a quantity of cocaine. The issue is whether the district court erred in denying appellant’s motion to suppress the introduction of three kilograms of cocaine into evidence.

Background

On February 2, 1983, at approximately 8:45 p.m., while working in an undercover capacity, DEA Special Agent Alberto Fernandez was introduced to appellant Humberto Baron-Mantilla by a confidential informant. The meeting took place in front of a condominium located at 200 S.E. 15th Road, Miami. Baron-Mantilla told Special Agent Fernandez that he had three kilograms of cocaine in his apartment that he wanted to sell. Baron-Mantilla and Fernandez agreed to meet at approximately 10:00 a.m. on February 3,1983, to complete the sale of five kilograms of cocaine, for a price of $44,000 per kilogram.

On February 3, 1983, Agent Fernandez, accompanied by DEA Agent Armando Marin and the confidential informant, returned to 200 S.E. 15th Road to complete the transaction. Appellant was summoned by the confidential informant to the agents’ vehicle, which was parked outside of the building at that address. Baron-Mantilla handed Agent Fernandez a dollar bill containing a sample of the cocaine that he had in his apartment. Agent Fernandez then showed appellant a quantity of money with which he would “purchase” the cocaine.

Subsequently, appellant invited Agents Fernandez and Marin to his apartment to purchase three kilos of cocaine and to wait for the arrival of the other two kilos. Agent Fernandez, Agent Marin and the confidential informant followed appellant into the lobby of the condominium, where appellant was placed under arrest and advised of his Miranda rights. Next, Agent Marin advised appellant that they were going to secure the apartment until they could obtain a search warrant. Appellant proceeded to the apartment with the agents by elevator.

When they arrived at the apartment, appellant opened the door with a key at the agents’ request. Through the opened door, the agents spotted a man inside the apartment. They then entered and placed him under arrest. Once inside, the agents conducted a sweep of the apartment for any other persons.

Appellant was expecting delivery of two additional kilos of cocaine at this time. He was again advised of his rights and asked to cooperate with the agents. Within a few minutes, appellant directed Agent Marin to[*870] a box in a closet that contained the three kilograms of cocaine.

On February 9, 1983, appellant was indicted. Before trial, appellant filed a motion to suppress the three kilograms of cocaine found in the apartment. The parties entered into an agreement whereby jury trial would be waived, and a suppression hearing and bench trial were held jointly on May 16, 1983.

After all the evidence had been presented, the trial court denied the motion to suppress, concluding that appellant had failed to sustain his burden of proof to establish a right of privacy in the apartment in question. As an alternative basis for denying the motion, the court further ruled that exigent circumstances justified the action's of the agents who seized the cocaine, in that cocaine was present inside the apartment, along with a second party who could have destroyed the evidence. Appellant was then found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment, followed by a special parole term of three years and a $10,000 fine.

Discussion

We disagree with the district court that the exigent circumstances warranted a search of the apartment, an alternative basis for his finding. The circumstances did not support a search of the premises which should have awaited a search warrant if Baron had standing to assert a claim of privacy in the premises. However, Baron lacked such standing.

To prevail on a claim that evidence was seized in violation of the fourth amendment, the defendant bears the burden of demonstrating a legitimate expectation of privacy in the areas searched. Rabas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 130 n. 1, 99 S.Ct. 421, 424 n. 1, 58 L.Ed.2d 387, 393 n. 1 (1978). In reviewing the district court’s determination that the defendant has not satisfied his burden, we view the evidence adduced at the suppression hearing in the light most favorable to the government. United States v. Torres, 720 F.2d 1506, 1510 (11th Cir.1983).

The legitimacy of appellant’s privacy claim is determined by the totality of the circumstances. Rakas, supra, 439 U.S. at 152, 99 S.Ct. at 435, 58 L.Ed.2d at 406 (Powell, J., concurring). The government proved that appellant did not own the premises searched, nor did he rent them. The telephone was not listed in his name. Nonetheless, Baron could have established a legitimate expectation of privacy by demonstrating “ ‘an unrestricted right of occupancy or custody and control of the premises as distinguished from occasional presence on the premises as a mere guest or invitee.’ ” United States v. Bachner, 706 F.2d 1121, 1126 n. 6 (11th Cir.1983) (quoting State v. Leveson, 151 So.2d 283, 285 (Fla.1963)). Although appellant claims to have lived in the apartment with a mistress, the district court found his credibility to be “totally lacking,” remarking that “[the court] wouldn’t believe [appellant] if he was sitting on a bushel of bibles.” Record, Yol. V, at 66. Our review of the record confirms that Baron’s testimony was unworthy of belief. Furthermore, appellant failed to produce any condominium neighbor or employee who could have established his residency there although he testified there were such persons who knew he lived there. Nor was the alleged mistress brought to testify on his behalf. In view of the district court’s credibility finding, the only credible evidence of his expectation of privacy in the apartment was the fact that he possessed a key to the apartment. More evidence than possession of a key was necessary to satisfy appellant’s burden of establishing a legitimate expectation of privacy in the premises. See United States v. Rackley, 724 F.2d 1463, 1468 (11th Cir.1984). Since Baron had no claim of privacy, we need not consider the government’s additional claim that Baron consented to the search. [1]

[*871] The judgment of conviction is AFFIRMED.

1

. Fernandez, the government agent, testified that Baron disclosed the location of the cocaine when he was told the agents were going to[*871] obtain a warrant. Baron testified he only disclosed the location when he was threatened.