Florida/Georgia Personal Injury & Workers Compensation

You're probably overthinking it. Call a lawyer.

Call Now: 904-383-7448
Florida Statute 90.106 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
Florida Statute 90.106 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
Link to State of Florida Official Statute
F.S. 90.106 Case Law from Google Scholar Google Search for Amendments to 90.106

The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title VII
EVIDENCE
Chapter 90
EVIDENCE CODE
View Entire Chapter
90.106 Summing up and comment by judge.A judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused.
History.s. 1, ch. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 77-77; s. 22, ch. 78-361; s. 1, ch. 78-379.

F.S. 90.106 on Google Scholar

F.S. 90.106 on CourtListener

Amendments to 90.106


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 90.106

Total Results: 37

Huff v. State

495 So. 2d 145, 11 Fla. L. Weekly 451

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Aug 28, 1986 | Docket: 1750910

Cited 28 times | Published

...He is entitled to have this considered in determining whether death should be his punishment. This factor should be weighed against the valid aggravating circumstances by the trial judge. I personally do not believe that death is appropriate in this case. NOTES [1] Section 90.106, Florida Statutes (1983) provides: A judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused....

Harmon v. State

527 So. 2d 182, 1988 WL 50189

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: May 19, 1988 | Docket: 529426

Cited 21 times | Published

...e had returned to a Christian life-style. When defense counsel objected to this testimony based on relevancy, the trial court stated that it "may have something to do with his credibility," but did not permit any additional testimony on the subject. Section 90.106, Florida Statutes (1985), provides that a judge may not comment to *187 the jury on the weight of the evidence or the credibility of the witnesses....

Marr v. State

494 So. 2d 1139, 11 Fla. L. Weekly 499

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Sep 25, 1986 | Docket: 452446

Cited 19 times | Published

...ated to the question of whether or not consent was ever finally given. This instruction was omitted from the Standard Jury Instructions promulgated by this Court at 327 So.2d 6 (Fla. 1976) and is not included in the present instructions. Also, *1142 section 90.106 of the Florida Evidence Code, adopted by this Court, 372 So.2d 1369; 376 So.2d 1161 (Fla....

Universal Insurance Co. of North America v. Warfel

82 So. 3d 47, 37 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 50, 2012 WL 224104, 2012 Fla. LEXIS 195

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jan 26, 2012 | Docket: 60306224

Cited 15 times | Published

the staff analyses associated with the bill. Section 90.106 The application of section 90.304 to section

Brown v. State

11 So. 3d 428, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 5871, 2009 WL 1424047

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 22, 2009 | Docket: 1656842

Cited 12 times | Published

...A breach of the prohibition *434 against judicial commentary on the evidence tends to destroy the impartiality of the trial to which a litigant or an accused is entitled. Hamilton v. State, 109 So.2d 422, 424-25 (Fla. 3d DCA 1959). Florida's prohibition of judicial comment on the evidence has been codified in section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2007). Vaughn v. Progressive Cas. Ins. Co., 907 So.2d 1248, 1254 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005). Section 90.106 provides: "A judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused." The Florida courts have determined that various jury instructions th...
...Marr I and Marr II: The Cases Relied on by Mr. Brown In Marr I and Marr II, the First District and the Supreme Court of Florida, respectively, considered a jury instruction analogous to the instruction under review here. Marr I and Marr II were decided after the adoption of section 90.106 and the 1983 amendment to section 794.022(1)....
...The instruction requested by defendant below, singling out the prosecutrix in a rape case for judicial comment on the *436 credibility of her testimony, is plainly erroneous and not the law of this state. Id. at 708-09. In reaching this conclusion, the en banc majority relied on section 90.106....

Walker v. State

896 So. 2d 712, 2005 WL 425409

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Feb 24, 2005 | Docket: 1283058

Cited 10 times | Published

...State, 35 Fla. 171, 17 So. 555, 557 (1895). Walker argues that we should answer the certified question in the affirmative and hold that the instruction on possession of recently stolen property constitutes an impermissible comment on the evidence. See § 90.106, Fla....
...Any remarks that the judge makes are listened to closely by the jury and are given great weight. Because of the credibility that the comments are given and because they would likely overshadow that testimony of the witnesses themselves and of counsel, section 90.106 recognizes that a judge is prohibited from commenting on the weight of the evidence, or the credibility of the witness, and from summing up the evidence to the jury. If such comment and summing up were permitted, impartiality of the trial would be destroyed. Consistent with our judicial rule, section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2004), provides that "[a] judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused." This Court has consistently honored the policy announced in Lester in a variety of contexts....

Brown v. State

678 So. 2d 910, 1996 WL 483027

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 28, 1996 | Docket: 1470811

Cited 10 times | Published

...Do you understand that? "COUNSEL: Yes, Your Honor." [emphasis supplied] At that point, counsel tried to proceed with his point that the witnesses had lied but without using the term "liar". The jury returned a verdict of guilty on all counts. We reverse. Section 90.106, Florida Statutes (1995), provides that "[a] judge may not ......

METRO. DADE COUNTY v. Yearby

580 So. 2d 186, 1991 WL 45209

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 2, 1991 | Docket: 1364810

Cited 9 times | Published

...ligence issue, and (b) the trial court otherwise properly instructed the jury on the issue of intervening cause. See, e.g., Florida Power & Light Co. v. McCollum, 140 So.2d 569 (Fla. 1962); Smith v. Canevary, 553 So.2d 1312, 1316 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989); § 90.106, Fla....

Alexander v. State

931 So. 2d 946, 2006 WL 1235178

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 10, 2006 | Docket: 1522237

Cited 8 times | Published

...appeal. However, we hold that the trial court's reference to the accident reconstructionist as an "expert" was not harmful error under the facts presented here. A trial judge is precluded from commenting on the weight of the evidence presented. See § 90.106, Fla....

Marr v. State

470 So. 2d 703

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 14, 1985 | Docket: 1241540

Cited 7 times | Published

...[11] None of the foregoing cases have a jury instruction issue and none held it was error to fail to give an instruction of the type requested here. [12] Further, the Florida Evidence Code, adopted since decisions relied on by defendant, codifies the law in Section 90.106 as follows: [13] A judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury on the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused. *712 Cases are legion in annotation under Section 90.106, supra, that the judge must avoid any expression of opinion on the credibility of a witness....
...da Statutes, by Chapter 83-258, Section 1, Laws of Florida, deleting certain language permitting the court to instruct the jury "with respect to the weight and quality of the evidence ..."; (3) the adoption of the Florida Evidence Code, particularly section 90.106, forbidding any comment by the trial judge regarding the weight of the evidence or the credibility of the witnesses; and (4) the omission from the Florida Standard Jury Instructions by Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases, 327 So.2d 6 (Fla....
...On the other hand, a statute may survive an attack against it as being violative of separation of powers as long as it does not take from the courts the final discretion to act. State v. Benitez, 395 So.2d 514, 519 (Fla. 1981). As to the majority's reliance upon section 90.106 — barring comments by the trial court regarding the weight of the evidence and the credibility of witnesses — as support for its position that a trial judge no longer has any discretion to give the requested instruction, I would simp...

Millett v. State

460 So. 2d 489

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 10, 1984 | Docket: 1767048

Cited 7 times | Published

...I was, in fact, myself confused by the questions being asked. THE COURT: I can't help it if you are confused. That doesn't mean I have to be confused with you. We don't run in the same track. I can't help that. Appellant argues that the trial judge violated Section 90.106, Florida Statutes, providing: "A judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused." In Ehrhardt, Florida Evidence § 106.1, p....
...Any remarks and comments that the judge makes are listened to closely by the jury and are given *492 great weight. Because of the credibility that the comments are given and because they would likely overshadow the testimony of the witnesses themselves and of counsel, Section 90.106 recognizes that a judge is prohibited from commenting on the weight of the evidence, or the credibility of the witness, and from summing up the evidence to the jury....

Bryan Grigg v. State of Florida

230 So. 3d 943

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 15, 2017 | Docket: 6226570

Cited 6 times | Published

of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused.” § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (2016). When three prospective

Jacques v. State

883 So. 2d 902, 2004 WL 2237714

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 6, 2004 | Docket: 1369807

Cited 5 times | Published

...For the trial court to accuse defense counsel of misrepresenting the evidence not only cast counsel in a poor light in front of the jury but, more importantly, supported the state's argument by implying to the jury that, in the court's view, Fondrose was a biased witness. Section 90.106, Florida Statutes (1999), states that a trial "judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused." As we noted in Brown v....

Johnson v. State

114 So. 3d 1012, 2012 WL 3758650, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 14626

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 31, 2012 | Docket: 60231693

Cited 4 times | Published

adduced. Id. This principle is codified in section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2011), which provides that

Vaughn v. Progressive Cas. Ins. Co.

907 So. 2d 1248, 2005 Fla. App. LEXIS 11811, 2005 WL 1787313

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 29, 2005 | Docket: 459443

Cited 3 times | Published

...In order to ensure that all litigants receive a fair trial, the courts adhere to the general principle that "[a] trial court should scrupulously avoid commenting on the evidence in a case." Whitfield v. State, 452 So.2d 548, 549 (Fla.1984). This general principle has been codified in section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2003), which provides that "[a] judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused." The Law Revision Council's Not...

Rutledge v. State

1 So. 3d 1122, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 339, 2009 WL 127784

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 21, 2009 | Docket: 1653978

Cited 3 times | Published

...State, 209 So.2d 687, 688 (Fla. 2d DCA 1968). The State responds that both attorneys indicated they were satisfied with the trial court's response. Appellant focuses on appeal upon just a small portion of the judge's full and complete answer to the jury's question. Section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2005), states that a judge "may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused." The court's comments did not mention any...

Edwards J. Mitchell v. State

207 So. 3d 369, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 18784

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 22, 2016 | Docket: 4560330

Cited 3 times | Published

witness’s status as an “expert,” the court violated section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2016), which prohibits it

Fogelman v. State

648 So. 2d 214, 1994 WL 706328

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 21, 1994 | Docket: 1701900

Cited 3 times | Published

...Any remarks and comments that the judge makes are listened to closely by the jury and are given great weight. Because of the credibility that the comments are given and because they would likely overshadow the testimony of the witnesses themselves and of counsel, Section 90.106 recognizes that a judge is prohibited from commenting on the weight of the evidence, or the credibility of the witness, and from summing up the evidence to the jury....

Moton v. State

659 So. 2d 1269, 1995 WL 509280

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 30, 1995 | Docket: 1747958

Cited 3 times | Published

...is broad but must be exercised with care) — and in the British system, in Florida state courts it is improper for a trial judge to comment on the weight of the evidence, i.e. to suggest that some evidence may be more important than other evidence. § 90.106, Fla....

Rafael Alexander Gutierrez v. State of Florida

177 So. 3d 226, 40 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 359, 2015 Fla. LEXIS 1383, 2015 WL 3887354

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jun 25, 2015 | Docket: 2668463

Cited 2 times | Published

...[and] should - 11 - take great care not to intimate to the jury the court’s opinion as to the weight, character, or credibility of any evidence adduced.” Id. at 549 (citations omitted). This important prohibition has in fact been codified in section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2014), which states that “[a] judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused.” We disagree with the hold...

Thomas v. State

838 So. 2d 1192, 2003 WL 201335

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 31, 2003 | Docket: 1513743

Cited 2 times | Published

...By its comment for defense counsel to stay within the nature of the conversation between the two, the trial court strayed into a factual issue for the jury's determination—namely, whether there was an unrecorded conversation that preceded Thomas's alleged confession. Section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2001), prohibits a trial judge from summing up the evidence or commenting to the jury on the weight of the evidence, a witness's credibility, or a defendant's guilt....

Coates v. State

855 So. 2d 223, 2003 Fla. App. LEXIS 14544, 2003 WL 22213346

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 26, 2003 | Docket: 64825248

Cited 1 times | Published

you in the jury room. Mr. Coates argues that section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2001), compelled the granting

Walden v. State

123 So. 3d 1164, 2013 WL 950237, 2013 Fla. App. LEXIS 3957

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 13, 2013 | Docket: 60234885

Cited 1 times | Published

of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused.” § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (2011). While a judge may take some

Diaz v. State

958 So. 2d 377, 2007 WL 403577

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 7, 2007 | Docket: 235330

Cited 1 times | Published

...ht of the evidence, the credibility of a witness, or the guilt of an accused, it thereby destroys the impartiality of the trial to which the *389 litigant or accused is entitled." Hamilton v. State, 109 So.2d 422, 424-25 (Fla. 3d DCA 1959). See also § 90.106, Fla....

Williams v. State

70 So. 3d 733, 2011 Fla. App. LEXIS 14944, 2011 WL 4374298

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 21, 2011 | Docket: 138257

Published

...d no bias against the defendant. The State alternatively argues that any error was harmless. "A judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused." § 90.106, Fla....

Ellancer Allen McGrady v. State of Florida

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 9, 2024 | Docket: 69238738

Published

upon the province of the jury . . . .”); see also § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (2023) (“A judge may not sum up the

Davis v. State

516 So. 2d 953, 11 Fla. L. Weekly 2238, 1986 Fla. App. LEXIS 10360, 1986 WL 92

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 22, 1986 | Docket: 64631489

Published

Millett v. State, 460 So.2d 489 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); § 90.106, Fla.Stat. (1985). For the court to apprise the

Whitaker v. State

742 So. 2d 530, 1999 Fla. App. LEXIS 13721, 1999 WL 923857

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 20, 1999 | Docket: 64791427

Published

comment on the credibility of the witness. See § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (1997); Fogelman v. State, 648 So

Kevin Osorio v. State of Florida

186 So. 3d 601, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 3134, 2016 WL 803515

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 2, 2016 | Docket: 3040734

Published

court’s position of neutrality. See § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (2011) (“A judge may not sum up the

Grant v. State

764 So. 2d 804, 2000 Fla. App. LEXIS 9360, 2000 WL 1021359

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 26, 2000 | Docket: 64799460

Published

party or the attorney in the jury’s presence. Section 90.106 of the Florida Evidence Code clearly dictates

Orange County v. Buchman

81 So. 3d 520, 2012 WL 315869, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 1382

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 3, 2012 | Docket: 60305936

Published

prohibition against judicial comment set forth in section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2010), and contradicted

William Lee v. State of Florida

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 27, 2018 | Docket: 8455094

Published

v. State, 143 So. 2d 484, 488 (Fla. 1962); see § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (2015) (“A judge may not sum up the

Lee v. State

264 So. 3d 225

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 27, 2018 | Docket: 64704560

Published

State , 143 So.2d 484, 488 (Fla. 1962) ; see § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (2015) ("A judge may not sum up the

Lee v. State

264 So. 3d 225

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 27, 2018 | Docket: 64704559

Published

State , 143 So.2d 484, 488 (Fla. 1962) ; see § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (2015) ("A judge may not sum up the

Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. LALIBERTE

52 So. 3d 31, 2010 Fla. App. LEXIS 19098, 2010 WL 5093140

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 15, 2010 | Docket: 2407295

Published

...If you anticipate any problem following this instruction, please raise your hand. No member of the jury responded either verbally or by hand gesture. Mitsubishi argues the trial court's comments constituted a statement on the evidence and the ultimate issue to be decided, in violation of section 90.106, Florida Statutes (2008)....

Devin Lee Bass v. State of Florida

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 14, 2018 | Docket: 8409771

Published

to the jury upon the weight of the evidence,” § 90.106, Fla. Stat., and that “jury instructions that

Gonzalez v. Mercy Hospital, Inc.

738 So. 2d 955, 1999 Fla. App. LEXIS 4677, 1999 WL 211901

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 14, 1999 | Docket: 64789932

Published

of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused.” § 90.106, Fla. Stat. (1997). “Excessive participation of

This Florida statute resource is curated by Graham W. Syfert, Esq., a Jacksonville, Florida personal injury and workers' compensation attorney. For legal consultation, call 904-383-7448.