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Florida Statute 768.043 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 768.043 Case Law from Google Scholar
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The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLV
TORTS
Chapter 768
NEGLIGENCE
View Entire Chapter
F.S. 768.043
768.043 Remittitur and additur actions arising out of operation of motor vehicles.
(1) In any action for the recovery of damages based on personal injury or wrongful death arising out of the operation of a motor vehicle, whether in tort or in contract, wherein the trier of fact determines that liability exists on the part of the defendant and a verdict is rendered which awards money damages to the plaintiff, it shall be the responsibility of the court, upon proper motion, to review the amount of such award to determine if such amount is clearly excessive or inadequate in light of the facts and circumstances which were presented to the trier of fact. If the court finds that the amount awarded is clearly excessive or inadequate, it shall order a remittitur or additur, as the case may be. If the party adversely affected by such remittitur or additur does not agree, the court shall order a new trial in the cause on the issue of damages only.
(2) In determining whether an award is clearly excessive or inadequate in light of the facts and circumstances presented to the trier of fact and in determining the amount, if any, that such award exceeds a reasonable range of damages or is inadequate, the court shall consider the following criteria:
(a) Whether the amount awarded is indicative of prejudice, passion, or corruption on the part of the trier of fact.
(b) Whether it clearly appears that the trier of fact ignored the evidence in reaching the verdict or misconceived the merits of the case relating to the amounts of damages recoverable.
(c) Whether the trier of fact took improper elements of damages into account or arrived at the amount of damages by speculation or conjecture.
(d) Whether the amount awarded bears a reasonable relation to the amount of damages proved and the injury suffered.
(e) Whether the amount awarded is supported by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons.
(3) It is the intent of the Legislature to vest the trial courts of this state with the discretionary authority to review the amounts of damages awarded by a trier of fact, in light of a standard of excessiveness or inadequacy. The Legislature recognizes that the reasonable actions of a jury are a fundamental precept of American jurisprudence and that such actions should be disturbed or modified only with caution and discretion. However, it is further recognized that a review by the courts in accordance with the standards set forth in this section provides an additional element of soundness and logic to our judicial system and is in the best interests of the citizens of Florida.
History.s. 41, ch. 77-468; s. 283, ch. 79-400.

F.S. 768.043 on Google Scholar

F.S. 768.043 on Casetext

Amendments to 768.043


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 768.043
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 768.043.



Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

TORRES v. FIRST TRANSIT, INC., 367 F. Supp. 3d 1373 (S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . Florida Statutes Section 768.043 (2018), which governs remittitur in cases arising from the operation . . . Stat. § 768.043(1). . . .

N. POGUE, v. GARIB,, 254 So. 3d 503 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . Section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes (2017), provides that "a trial court may grant additur if the court . . . supported by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons. § 768.043 . . .

NIEVES v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY,, 248 So. 3d 240 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . Subsequently, State Farm rejected the remittitur and, pursuant to section 768.043, Florida Statutes, . . . Section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes (2017), provides, in pertinent part: In any action for the recovery . . .

SUKRAJ, v. PHOEUNG, 241 So. 3d 911 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . Stassinopoulos, 731 So.2d 708, 710 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999) ) ); see also § 768.043(2), Fla. . . .

HITCHCOCK, v. MAHAFFEY,, 243 So. 3d 459 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . We remand for the trial court to either enter a remittitur under section 768.043, Florida Statutes (2013 . . .

GUSTAVSSON, v. HOLDER, 236 So. 3d 476 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . new trial based on inadequate non-economic damages awarded in a motor vehicle accident case, section 768.043 . . . either an additur award or a new trial on past non-economic damages only in accordance with section 768.043 . . .

J. VICKERS, v. D. THOMAS,, 237 So. 3d 412 (Fla. App. Ct. 2017)

. . . loss of earning capacity and remand for the trial court either to enter a remittitur under section 768.043 . . .

J. RASINSKI, v. P. MCCOY,, 227 So. 3d 201 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2017)

. . . The applicable law on remittitur is found in section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes (2013), which provides . . . Pursuant to section 768.043(1), “only when' the parties agree with the trial court’s amount of remittitur . . . See § 768.043(1), Fla. Stat.; Truelove v. Blount, 954 So.2d 1284, 1289-90 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007). . . .

STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, v. L. BREWER J. v. L. J., 191 So. 3d 508 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2016)

. . . See Smith, 471 So.2d at 170; see also § 768.043(1), Fla. Stat. (2008). . . .

EMMONS, v. AKERS, II, 187 So. 3d 900 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2016)

. . . Section 768.043, Florida Statutes (2014), requires a trial court, upon motion, to grant an additur if . . . supported by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons. § 768.043 . . . agree to the additur, the court must order a new trial in the cause on the issue of damages only. §' 768.043 . . . While section. 768.043 relates only to actions ' for damages arising out of the operation of a motor . . . Case law construing section 768.74 applies equally to cases involving section 768.043. . . .

ORTEGA, v. BELONY,, 185 So. 3d 538 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2015)

. . . Belony moved for additur pursuant to section 768.043 of the 'Florida Statutes. . . .

FERRER, v. La SERNA,, 179 So. 3d 523 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2015)

. . . Pursuant to section 768.043, Florida Statutes, a trial court may grant additur if the court, determines . . . supported-by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons. § 768.043 . . .

M. WITHERELL M. v. LARIMER,, 152 So. 3d 810 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2014)

. . . court found the jury’s award of $0 and then $1 for past noneconomic damages inadequate under section 768.043 . . .

R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, v. WEBB,, 130 So. 3d 262 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013)

. . . Mora, 940 So.2d 1105 (Fla.2006), in which the court considered identical language in section 768.043, . . . Compare § 768.043(1), Fla. . . .

FESTIVAL FUN PARKS, LLC, d b a v. BELLAMY,, 123 So. 3d 684 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013)

. . . Section 768.043(2), Florida Statutes (2011), requires a trial court to consider the following when determining . . . supported by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons. § 768.043 . . . See § 768.043(2), Fla. . . .

D. PUGLIESE v. TEREK,, 117 So. 3d 1230 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013)

. . . The order granting a new trial was unsupported by any fact or law as required by section 768.043(2)(a . . .

GEICO INDEMNITY COMPANY, v. DeGRANDCHAMP,, 102 So. 3d 685 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . See § 768.043(1), Fla. Stat. (2006). . . . appears that the “trier of fact ... arrived at the amount of damages by speculation or conjecture.” § 768.043 . . . does not “bear [ ] a reasonable relation to the amount of damages proved and the injury suffered.” § 768.043 . . . the evidence and is [not] such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons.” § 768.043 . . .

PROGRESSIVE SELECT INSURANCE COMPANY, INC. v. LORENZO,, 49 So. 3d 272 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010)

. . . Section 768.043, Florida Statutes, requires a trial court to review a jury’s award of damages in personal . . . additur does not agree, the court shall order a new trial in the cause on the issue of damages only. § 768.043 . . . supported by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons. § 768.043 . . . was excessive given the jury’s finding of no permanent injury under the factors outlined in section 768.043 . . .

E. MONTESINOS v. ZAPATA,, 43 So. 3d 97 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010)

. . . See also § 768.043(2)(e), Fla. . . .

PRUITT, a v. PEREZ- GERVERT,, 41 So. 3d 286 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010)

. . . See § 768.043(1), Fla. Stat. (2005). . . .

OLIVAS v. PETERSON,, 969 So. 2d 1138 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007)

. . . Section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes, provides, in pertinent part: “If the court finds that the amount . . . So.2d 1105, 1109 (Fla.2006), our supreme court held that “a ‘party adversely affected’ under section 768.043 . . . See Mora; § 768.043, Fla. Stat. . . .

ELLENDER, v. M. BRICKER,, 967 So. 2d 1088 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007)

. . . Ellender’s claim that the jury’s verdict was inadequate is governed by section 768.043, which provides . . . There are at least three criteria under section 768.043 that indicate that the jury verdict for past . . . See § 768.043(2)(b). . . . See § 768.043(2)(d). . . . See § 768.043(2)(e). . . .

TRUELOVE, d b a L. v. BLOUNT, 954 So. 2d 1284 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007)

. . . The appellants filed a motion for remitti-tur pursuant to section 768.043, Florida Statutes (2003), asking . . . Under section 768.043, the trial court should have granted the motion for remittitur. . . . .” § 768.043(2)(c). . . . .” § 768.043(2)(d). . . . .” § 768.043(2)(e). IV. . . .

MORENO v. DIAZ, 943 So. 2d 1011 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . Section 768.043, Florida Statutes (2001), similarly authorizes remittitur in actions arising from the . . .

A. MOORE, v. M. PERRY,, 944 So. 2d 1115 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . Perry filed a motion for additur pursuant to section 768.043, Florida Statutes (2005), pointing out that . . . The older statute, section 768.043, Florida Statutes (2005), was adopted in 1977, and addresses remittitur . . . Section 768.043 provides generally that in cases arising out of the operation of a motor vehicle, when . . . In determining whether an award is clearly inadequate a trial court is required by section 768.043(2) . . .

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC. v. MORA,, 940 So. 2d 1105 (Fla. 2006)

. . . The trial court based the additur on section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes (2004), which provides: In . . . grant trial judges the authority to impose additur without the plaintiffs consent and that section 768.043 . . . Prior to the Legislature’s adoption of sections 768.043 and 768.74, we had not recognized a trial court . . . Shortly after the adoption of section 768.043, we decided Adams v. . . . In our decision, we first held that section 768.043 was remedial in nature, granting authority to the . . .

MANHEIM AUCTIONS GOVERNMENT SERVICES, INC. a d b a a v. MEJIA,, 930 So. 2d 657 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . thoroughly considered order granting an additur for the plaintiffs’ non-economic damages pursuant to section 768.043 . . .

MORA v. WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC., 911 So. 2d 1251 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . Additur and remittitur in cases involving motor vehicles are governed by section 768.043, Florida Statutes . . . additur does not agree, the court shall order a new trial in the cause on the issue of damages only. § 768.043 . . . Second, and most importantly, the court in Brant concluded that section 768.043(1) itself is most reasonably . . . the case of an additur, a plaintiff can be a “party adversely affected” within the meaning of section 768.043 . . .

J. GALAMAGA, v. LIBERTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,, 892 So. 2d 1124 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004)

. . . He then alternatively moved for an additur or new trial pursuant to sections 768.043(1) and 768.74, Florida . . .

W. BRANT, v. DOLLAR RENT A CAR SYSTEMS, INC., 869 So. 2d 767 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004)

. . . The outcome in this case is controlled by section 768.043(1) and the supreme court decision in ITT Hartford . . . The trial judge and defense counsel appear to have read section 768.043(1) to authorize trial judges . . . To be sure, even if section 768.043(1) did not expressly provide that the adverse party must consent . . . In any event, section 768.043(1) expressly provides that the adverse party need not accept the amount . . . of the additur and may instead insist on a new trial on damages. § 768.043(1), Fla. . . .

ORTLIEB, v. BUTTS,, 849 So. 2d 1165 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)

. . . Pursuant to section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes (2001), upon motion for additur, a trial court may review . . .

McCOWN, v. ESTATE OF E. SEIDELL,, 831 So. 2d 218 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . Section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes (2000) provides: “If the party adversely affected by such remittitur . . . CAUSE REMANDED FOR NEW TRIAL ON DAMAGES PURSUANT TO § 768.043(1), FLA. STAT. (2000). . . .

ITT HARTFORD INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE SOUTHEAST, v. OWENS A., 816 So. 2d 572 (Fla. 2002)

. . . .” § 768.043(1), Fla. Stat. (1997). . . . first authorized additurs in motor vehicle cases in 1977, see Ch. 77-468, § 41, Laws of Fla., and § 768.043 . . . The trial court subsequently denied the petitioner’s motion for new trial under section 768.043, Florida . . . Here, the Third District’s determination that section 768.043 does not require a defendant to be given . . . In Adams, this Court, in determining that section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1977), was constitutional . . . , said: We therefore hold that section '768.043, Florida Statutes (1977), is a remedial statute designed . . . Section 768.043 in no way alters or conflicts with Rule 1.530. . . .

WAXMAN, v. TRUMAN,, 792 So. 2d 657 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . Sections 768.043(1) and 768.74(2), Florida Statutes (1991), regarding additur and remittitur, provide . . . that a trial court must order an additur or remittitur prior to ordering a new trial. §§ 768.043(1), . . .

ALAQUA LAKES REALTY, INC. v. E. BURCH,, 790 So. 2d 604 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . Owens, 760 So.2d 210, 212 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000) (intent of section 768.043 is that where the problem leading . . .

BEAUVAIS, v. EDELL,, 760 So. 2d 262 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . Instead it was a motion for an additur expressly made pursuant to sections 768.043 and 768.74. . . . first authorized ad-diturs in motor vehicle cases in 1977, see Ch. 77-468, § 41, Laws of Fla., and § 768.043 . . . Section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1993), is the controlling and applicable statute authorizing the trial . . . finding the amount of damages .awarded by the jury is clearly inadequate [followed by text of section 768.043 . . . We note that if sections 768.043 and 768.74 were in conflict section 768.043 would control. . . .

ITT HARTFORD INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE SOUTHEAST, v. OWENS A., 760 So. 2d 210 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . Section 768.043(1) details a clear and simple procedure in remittitur and additur actions arising out . . . additur does not agree, the court shall order a new trial in the cause on the issue of damages only.” § 768.043 . . . See § 768.043(1), Fla. Stat. (1997); Jarvis v. . . . Judge Hazouri noted that the language of Section 768.043(1) is virtually identical to Section 768.74, . . . See § 768.043, Fla. Stat. (1997). . . . See § 768.043, Fla. Stat (1997). . . . additur does not agree, the court shall order a new trial in the cause on the issue of damages only.” § 768.043 . . . As already stated, the statute- calls for a new trial “on the issue of damages only.” § 768.043(1), Fla . . .

JARVIS v. TENET HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL, INC. d b a, 743 So. 2d 1218 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . Prior to the enactment of section 768.74, the legislature enacted section 768.043(1), Florida Statutes . . . The First District Court of Appeal addressed the application of section 768.043 in City of Jacksonville . . . However, in this case this question is controlled by § 768.043, Fla. Stat. . . . Therefore, just as the first district held that 768.043 is mandatory, I would hold that 768.74 is mandatory . . .

ASTIGARRAGA, v. V. GREEN,, 712 So. 2d 1183 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . than ordering a new trial, .the judge was required to first order a remittitur pursuant to section 768.043 . . . As to the future medical expenses, we direct the trial court to follow the requirements of section 768.043 . . .

A. BEYER, v. A. LEONARD,, 711 So. 2d 568 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1997)

. . . Section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1993), is the controlling and applicable statute authorizing the trial . . . Section 768.043(1) provides as follows: 768.043 Remittitur and additur actions arising out of operation . . . To construe section 768.043(1) as urged by appellee would be to alter the clear words of that legislative . . .

AIRSTAR, INC. d b a v. GUBBINS,, 668 So. 2d 311 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1996)

. . . When a trial court awards an additur in accordance with section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1993), the . . . supported by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons. § 768.043 . . .

AIRCRAFT SERVICE INTERNATIONAL, INC. v. JACKSON,, 768 So. 2d 1094 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995)

. . . on whether the verdict was excessive, the lower court was obligated to look to and follow sections 768.043 . . . supported by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons. § 768.043 . . . by the evidence and is such that it could be adduced in a logical manner by reasonable persons.” § 768.043 . . .

VETERANS AUTO SALES AND LEASING COMPANY, INC. v. POOLE,, 649 So. 2d 264 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . Section 768.043, enacted in 1977, provides for remittitur and additur in actions arising out of the operation . . . This latter statute tracks nearly all of the language of section 768.043. . . . Section 768.043 allows alteration of awards which the trial court finds to be “clearly excessive or inadequate . . .

SEMINOLE GULF RAILWAY, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, v. FASSNACHT, 635 So. 2d 142 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . . § 768.043, Fla.Stat. (1989); § 768.74, Fla.Stat. (1989). . 768.81 Comparative fault.— (2) EFFECT OF . . .

GRIEFER B. v. DiPIETRO a k a a k a J. a k a a k a No a k a, 625 So. 2d 1226 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993)

. . . In construing section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1985), a predecessor statute substantially identical . . .

SALAZAR, v. SANTOS HARRY CO. INC., 614 So. 2d 1125 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993)

. . . reasonable _ As further support for finding the verdict was excessive, the judge went on to cite section 768.043 . . . On this basis, and again citing section 768.043, the trial judge held that the jury could only have reached . . .

PHILON C. v. R. REID,, 602 So. 2d 648 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . verdict “clearly excessive,” nor did he first order a remit-titur pursuant to the mandate of section 768.043 . . .

SCHULZ, v. REMY, 573 So. 2d 1076 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1991)

. . . on the face of the record that the trial judge should have ordered a remittitur pursuant to section 768.043 . . . affected by the remittitur has the option of demanding a new trial on the issue of damages alone. § 768.043 . . .

A. DeLONG, Y. v. WICKES COMPANY d b a L., 545 So. 2d 362 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1989)

. . . See § 768.043(1), Fla.Stat. (1987); Adams v. . . . See § 768.043(1), Fla.Stat. (1987). . . . See § 768.043, Fla. Stat. (1987); Adams, 403 So.2d at 391; Baker, 456 So.2d at 1274. . . .

SALAZAR, v. SANTOS HARRY CO. INC., 537 So. 2d 1048 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1989)

. . . On this basis, and again citing section 768.043, the trial judge held that the jury could only have reached . . .

J. BALLARD, v. AMERICAN LAND CRUISERS, INC. a, 537 So. 2d 1018 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . . § 768.043(2), Fla.Stat. (1985); Griffis v. Hill, 230 So.2d 143 (Fla.1969); Steele v. . . . Upon remand, the trial judge is ordered either to grant an additur under section 768.043(1), Florida . . . claim and the defendants have satisfied the judgment for the estate’s claims under § 768.21(6). . § 768.043 . . .

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, v. S. BROOKS, 517 So. 2d 82 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . Section 768.043, Fla.Stat., relating to re-mittitur and additur in actions arising out of the operation . . .

VEGA, Jr. v. STABINSKI FUNT, P. A., 510 So. 2d 346 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . Florida generally does not recognize additurs, except as provided in sections 768.043 and 768.49, Florida . . . fee sharing agreement. . 40 percent of the $22,500 fee that Vega received from the Hervas case. . § 768.043 . . .

DAVIS, v. E. O DELL, B. O, 506 So. 2d 1107 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . In ordering the additur or new trial the trial court expressly relied upon section 768.043, Florida Statutes . . .

JOHN SESSA BULLDOZING, INC. v. PAPADOPOULOS,, 485 So. 2d 1383 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1986)

. . . An exception to this rule was established in 1977 with the passage of sections 768.043 and 768.49, Florida . . . Section 768.043 deals with remittitur and addi-tur actions arising out of operation of motor vehicles . . . Section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1983), states: 768.043. . . .

H. SMITH, v. TELOPHASE NATIONAL CREMATION SOCIETY, INC. d b a, 471 So. 2d 163 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1985)

. . . that we are not concerned here with a remittitur (or addi-tur) as is provided for in either section 768.043 . . . Since Florida generally does not recognize additurs, except as provided in sections 768.043 and 768.49 . . .

CITY OF JACKSONVILLE, v. G. BAKER,, 456 So. 2d 1274 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1984)

. . . granting a new trial as to damages, the trial judge expressly considered each of the criteria set out in § 768.043 . . . Section 768.043, Fla.Stat. authorizes trial courts to order a remittitur or additur in automobile accident . . . However, in this case this question is controlled by § 768.043, Fla. Stat. . . .

ST. PIERRE, v. PUBLIC GAS COMPANY, a, 423 So. 2d 949 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1982)

. . . See § 768.043, Fla.Stat. (1977). . . .

ADAMS, v. F. WRIGHT, Jr., 403 So. 2d 391 (Fla. 1981)

. . . This is a direct appeal from the Circuit Court of Volusia County which held that section 768.043, Florida . . . defendant would not agree to the additur so the trial judge ordered a new trial pursuant to section 768.043 . . . We therefore turn to the main issue in this case, whether section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1977), is . . . Section 768.043 prescribes a remedy whereby a trial judge is empowered to modify a verdict in a motor . . . Section 768.043 in no way alters or conflicts with Rule 1.530. . . . the legislature has unconstitutionally usurped the rule-making powers of this Court, and that section 768.043 . . .

CONNELL, a v. DuBOSE, Sr. AMF, s Co., 403 So. 2d 436 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1981)

. . . The accident occurred prior to July 1, 1977, so that section 768.043, Florida Statutes (1979), is not . . .

SALKAY v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INS. CO. Co. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INS. CO. Co. v. SALKAY, 398 So. 2d 916 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1981)

. . . This cause of action predates Section 768.043, Florida Statutes, (1977). . . .