State of Ga. v. Davis, 272 S.E.2d 721 (Ga. 1980). · Go Syfert
State of Ga. v. Davis, 272 S.E.2d 721 (Ga. 1980). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
69 citation events (24 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Agnes Scott College v. Amanda Hartley (gactapp, 2013-03-29)
Treatment trajectory · 1981 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1981 2003 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 14 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Agnes Scott College v. Amanda Hartley
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
Construing OCGA § 50-21-22 (7) with the Campus Policemen Act, OCGA § 20-8-1, et seq.,1 demonstrates the General Assembly’s intent to include law enforcement officers employed by private colleges and universities within the definition of “State officer[s] and employee[s]” who are granted immunity under the GTCA because it imbues them with the power to do what is necessary to enforce the laws of this State and imposes upon them a duty to enforce State law and to 1 See State v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 761-762 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980) (the meaning and effect of statutes will be determined i…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Akanthos Capital Management, LLC v. Compucredit Holdings Corp.
N.D. Ga. · 2011 · confidence medium
O.C.G.A. § 1-3-1; State v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 761 , 272 S.E.2d 721, 722 (1980).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Howard v. State (5×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. · 2000 · confidence medium
See Sable v. State, 248 Ga. 10, 13 ( 282 SE2d 61 ), cert denied, 454 U. S. 973 (102 SC 524, 70 LE2d 393) (1981), overruled on other grounds, 264 Ga. 323 ( 443 SE2d 839 ) (1994); State v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 762 ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Adams v. State (3×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 1997 · confidence medium
Davis, 246 Ga. at 762-763 (2). 4.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McTaggart v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1997 · confidence medium
OCGA § 16-4-7 (a) states that “[a] person commits the offense of *368 criminal solicitation when, with intent that another person engage in conduct constituting a felony, he solicits, requests, commands, importunes, or otherwise attempts to cause the other person to engage in such conduct.” The Supreme Court, in State of Ga. v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 762-763 (2) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980), construed this statute to mean, that “only a relatively overt statement or request intended to bring about action on the part of another person will bring a defendant within the statute.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Christensen v. State (3×)
Ga. · 1996 · confidence medium
Accordingly, OCGA § 16-6-2 does not violate the right to privacy under the Georgia Constitution. b) Speech which advocates violation of the law is not protected "`where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.' Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444, 447 (89 SC 1827 [1829], 23 LE2d 430) (1969)." State v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 762 (1), 272 S.E.2d 721 (1980).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) O'KELLY v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1990 · confidence medium
The motion was based on the premise that, pursuant to State v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 762 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980), an essential element of the crime of solicitation is that the solicitation must create a clear and present danger that the person solicited will engage in conduct constituting a felony and that, because none of the people solicited in this case intended to carry through with criminal acts, defendant was entitled to a directed verdict.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Norris v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1985 · confidence medium
With regard to the latter issue, the Supreme Court has held that “the [criminal solicitation] statute only embraces language which creates a clear and present danger that a felony will be committed. . . .” (Emphasis supplied.) State of Ga. v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 762-763 ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980).
discussed Cited "see" Agnes Scott College v. Hartley (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See State of Ga. v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 761-762 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980) (the meaning and effect of statutes will be determined in reference to other statutes); Plantation Pipe Line Co. v. City of Bremen, 227 Ga. 1, 9 (3) ( 178 SE2d 868 ) (1970) (the meaning and effect of a statute are “to be determined in connection, not only with the common law and the Constitution, but also with reference to other statutes and decisions of the courts”) (citation omitted).
discussed Cited "see" Dimas v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
Norris v. State, 176 Ga. App. 164, 168 (6) ( 335 SE2d 611 ) (1985); see State v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 762 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Watson v. State (2×)
Ga. · 2013 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See Final Exit Network, Inc. v. State of Ga., 290 Ga. 508, 511 (3) ( 722 SE2d 722 ) (2012); see also State of Ga. v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 762 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980) (declining to invalidate criminal solicitation statute, where it could be construed as criminalizing “only such language as creates a clear and present danger of a felony being committed”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Equipco International, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also State ofGa. v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 761-762 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980) (the meaning and effect of statutes will be determined with reference to other statutes); Allison v. Domain, 158 Ga. App. 542, 544 ( 281 SE2d 299 ) (1981) (“A statute must be construed with, reference to the whole system of which it is a part.”) (citation and punctuation omitted). “[A]ll statutes relating to the same subject-matter, briefly called statutes ‘in pari materia,’ are construed together, and harmonized wherever possible, so as to ascertain the legislative intendment and give effect thereto.” …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Equipco International, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's London (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also State of Ga. v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 761-762 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980) (the meaning and effect of 7 statutes will be determined with reference to other statutes); Allison v. Domain, 158 Ga. App. 542, 544 ( 281 SE2d 299 ) (1981) (“A statute must be construed with reference to the whole system of which it is a part.”) (citation and punctuation omitted). “[A]ll statutes relating to the same subject-matter, briefly called statutes ‘in pari materia,’ are construed together, and harmonized wherever possible, so as to ascertain the legislative indendment and give effect thereto.�…
examined Cited "see, e.g." Allen v. Wright (4×)
Ga. · 2007 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also State v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761, 761-62 (1) ( 272 SE2d 721 ) (1980) (“[a] 11 statutes are presumed to be enacted by the legislature with full knowledge of the existing condition of the law and with reference to it; they are to be construed in connection and in harmony with the existing law; and their meaning and effect will be determined in connection, not only with the common law and the Constitution, but also with reference to other statutes and the decisions of the courts”) (punctuation omitted).
State of Georgia
v.
Davis
36751.
Supreme Court of Georgia.
Dec 2, 1980.
272 S.E.2d 721
Lewis R. Slaton, District Attorney, Wallace Speed, Joseph J. Drolet, Assistant District Attorneys, for appellant., Robert Coker, for appellee., J. Melvin England, amicus curiae.
Bowles.
Cited by 29 opinions  |  Published
Bowles, Justice.

Defendant Davis was indicted for criminal solicitation under Code Ann. § 26-1007. [1] Upon motion of the defendant, the trial court dismissed the indictment finding the statute unconstitutionally vague in its description of prohibited activity and unconstitutionally overbroad in that it embraced speech protected under the First Amendment as well as speech which may properly be punished.

Code Ann. § 26-1007 states, in pertinent part: “A person commits criminal solicitation when, with intent that another person engage in conduct constituting a felony he solicits, requests, commands, importunes or otherwise attempts to cause such other person to engage in such conduct.” This is the first time this court has been called upon to interpret this statute since its enactment in 1978. We are dealing here with the allegation of facial unconstitutionality.

1. We begin with the proposition that a solemn act of the legislature is presumed to be constitutional. See Buice v. Dixon, 223 Ga. 645 (157 SE2d 481) (1967). It is the duty of our legislators to support the Constitution of the United States just as it is our duty. In enacting this statute, we can presume that the legislature intended to enact a constitutional law and not one which violates the proscriptions of the First Amendment. “[A] 11 statutes are presumed to be enacted by the legislature with full knowledge of the existing condition of the law and with reference to it; . . . they are to be[*762] construed in connection and in harmony with the existing law; and... their meaning and effect will be determined in connection, not only with the common law and the Constitution, but also with reference to other statutes and the decisions of the courts.” Buice v. Dixon, supra, at 647.

All speech is not ultimately protected under the First Amendment. Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U. S. 568, 571-72 (62 SC 766, 86 LE 1031) (1942); City of Macon v. Smith, 244 Ga. 157 (259 SE2d 90) (1979). However, even speech which advocates law violation is protected “except where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.” Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U. S. 444, 447 (89 SC 1827, 23 LE2d 430) (1969). The test is generally known as the “clear and present danger” test. “The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent.” Schenck v. United States, 249 U. S. 47, 52 (39 SC 247, 63 LE 470) (1919).

It is clear that the commission of a felony is a substantive evil which our legislature has a right to prevent. We construe Code Ann. § 26-1007 as prohibiting only such language as creates a clear and present danger of a felony being committed and is therefore not overbroad as encompassing protected speech.

2. The only language in Code Ann. § 26-1007 which could conceivably be described as vague is that language which states; “or otherwise attempts to cause such other person to engage in such conduct.” The words “solicits, requests, commands” and “importunes” are all clearly understandable so that any person seeking to avoid violation of the law could do so.

“To withstand constitutional attack, a statute or ordinance which prohibits speech ‘must be carefully drawn or be authoritatively construed to punish only unprotected speech and not be susceptible of application to protected expression.’ Gooding v. Wilson, 405 U. S. 518, 522 (92 SC 1103, 31 LE2d 408) (1972).” City of Macon v. Smith, supra, at 158. Absent a narrowing construction, this relatively broad language (“or otherwise attempts to cause”) might be susceptible of constitutional attack. However, we construe this language in conformity with the First Amendment and thereby give it a narrowing construction. Under the rule of “ejusdem generis” we will not construe these questionable words in their broadest sense but will limit them by the words immediately preceding them. In other words, only a relatively overt statement or request intended to bring about action on the part of another person will bring a defendant within the statute. Furthermore, in light of our holding in division one that the[*763] statute only embraces language which creates a clear and present danger that a felony will be committed, the phrase “or otherwise attempts to cause such other person to engage in such conduct” is construed as meaning “or otherwise creates a clear and present danger of such other person perpetrating a felony.”

Argued October 15, 1980 Decided December 2, 1980. Lewis R. Slaton, District Attorney, Wallace Speed, Joseph J. Drolet, Assistant District Attorneys, for appellant. Robert Coker, for appellee. J. Melvin England, amicus curiae.

3. The word “felony” is not unconstitutionally vague. Our criminal code defines which crimes are felonies and which are not. Code Ann. § 26-401 (e). If a police officer overhears a solicitation for another to steal a television, absent further knowledge on his part, he has probable cause to arrest the solicitor. The fact that the television is worth less than $200 and therefore its theft would constitute a misdemeanor is a question of fact.

4. We have held only that the statute in question is not unconstitutional on its face. We have not decided whether or not it is unconstitutional as applied to defendant Davis. Whether or not Mr. Davis’ statement or question constituted protected speech or did not create a clear and present danger of a felony being committed remains for determination by the trial court.

Judgment reversed.

All the Justices concur.
1

Defendant was charged with the offense of criminal solicitation in that he did “solicit, and request M. I. Lawson to engage in conduct constituting a felony, to wit: violation of the Georgia Controlled Substances Act, in that the accused did solicit, and request the said M. I. Lawson to sell marijuana.”