Lewis v. State, 424 S.E.2d 626 (Ga. 1993). · Go Syfert
Lewis v. State, 424 S.E.2d 626 (Ga. 1993). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
167 citation events (44 in the last 25 years) across 5 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Robert Anthony Clayton v. State (gactapp, 2017-02-17)
Treatment trajectory · 1988 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1988 2007 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 43 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Robert Anthony Clayton v. State (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. Ct. App. · 2017 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the exercise of a peremptory challenge must not be based on either the race of the juror or the racial stereotypes held by the party.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Robert Anthony Clayton v. State (4×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. Ct. App. · 2017 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
the exercise of a peremptory challenge must not be based on either the race of the juror or the racial stereotypes held by the party.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lord v. State
Ga. · 2018 · confidence medium
See Hernandez v. New York, 500 U. S. 352, 359 (II) (A) ( 111 SCt 1859 , 114 LE2d 395) (1991) (plurality) (“Once a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot.”); Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993) (same). 8 “At the second step [of a Batson challenge], all that is required is for the proponent of the strike to provide a facially race-neutral explanation …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) JOHNSON v. THE STATE (Two Cases)
Ga. · 2018 · confidence medium
See Hernandez v. New York, 500 U.S. 352, 359 ( 111 SCt 1859 , 114 LE2d 395) (1991) (plurality) (“Once a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the 11 preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot.”); Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993) (same).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Johnson v. State
Ga. · 2018 · confidence medium
See Hernandez v. New York, 500 U. S. 352, 359 ( 111 SCt 1859 , 114 LE2d 395) (1991) (plurality) (“Once a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot.”); Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993) (same).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Minor v. State (3×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
The Batson test enforces the criminal defendant’s “constitutional right to be tried by a jury whose members are selected pursuant to nondiscriminatory criteria” and the individual juror’s “right not to be excluded from a jury on account of race.” Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Robert Clayton v. State (3×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
The Batson test enforces the criminal defendant’s “constitutional right to be tried by 15 a jury whose members are selected pursuant to nondiscriminatory criteria” and the individual juror’s “right not to be excluded from a jury on account of race.” Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Amir Andrews (069594)
N.J. · 2013 · confidence medium
In Jones v. State, the Maryland Supreme Court held that judges have discretion to adopt a remedy but in doing so should consider several factors in fashioning an appropriate remedy, reasoning that: Among the circumstances relevant to determining what remedy is appropriate is the fact that “a criminal defendant [has] the constitutional right to have a jury whose members are selected pursuant to nondiscriminatory criteria ... ‘and an individual juror has the right not to be excluded from a jury on account of race.’ ” Ellerbee [v. State, 215 Ga.App. 312 ], 450 S.E. 2d [443,] at 448 [ (199…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Moore v. State
Ga. · 2012 · confidence medium
See, e.g., McNeal v. State, 263 Ga. 397, 398-399 ( 435 SE2d 47 ) (1993) (remanding for the in-camera hearing required by Tribble v. State, 248 Ga. 274 ( 280 SE2d 352 ) (1981), to determine the State’s compliance with Brady v. Maryland, 373 U. S. 83 (83 SC 1194, 10 LE2d 215) (1963)); Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680-681 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993) (remanding for a hearing required by Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U. S. 79 (106 SC 1712, 90 LE2d 69) (1986)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Arrington v. State
Ga. · 2009 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993) (quoting Hernandez v. New York, 500 U. S. 352, 358 (II) (A) (111 SC 1859, 114 LE2d 395) (1991)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) White v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 2002 · confidence medium
Chandler v. State, 266 Ga. 509, 510 ( 467 SE2d 562 ) (1996); Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pittman v. State (2×)
Ga. · 2001 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 681 (3), 424 S.E.2d 626 (1993); Hullender v. State, 256 Ga. 86, 91 (5), 344 S.E.2d 207 (1986).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Odom v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1999 · confidence medium
The trial court’s factual findings must be given great deference and may be disregarded only if clearly erroneous.” Holt, supra. The initial inquiry in this type of case is “whether [Odom] established a prima facie case of discrimination to trigger the prosecutor’s duty to give [gender-] neutral reasons for the exercise of his challenged peremptory strikes.” Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Terrell v. State
Ga. · 1999 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993), quoting Powers v. Ohio, 499 U. S. 400, 407 (111 SC 1364, 113 LE2d 411) (1991).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Scott v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1999 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Pye v. State (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. · 1998 · confidence medium
Hernandez v. New York, 500 U. S. 352, 359 (111 SC 1859, 114 LE2d 395) (1991); Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Thorson v. State (2×)
Miss. · 1998 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679 , 424 S.E.2d 626, 628 (1993); Congdon v. State, 262 Ga. 683 , 424 S.E.2d 630 (1993); Covin v. State, 215 Ga.App. 3 , 449 S.E.2d 550 (1994); State v. Adams, 307 S.C. 368 , 415 S.E.2d 402 (1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Richardson v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1998 · confidence medium
However, once a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral [or gender-neutral] explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993); Ellerbee, supra at 315 (6).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Wilcher v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1998 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Walton v. State
Ga. · 1997 · confidence medium
While the prosecuting attorney acts responsibly when he solicits or accepts input from others concerning the exercise of peremptory challenges (Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 681 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993)), the trial judge, who is the arbiter of whether an attorney has proffered a race-neutral rationale for peremptory strikes, cannot be perceived as providing the very rationale which the judge must then adjudicate as racially neutral or racially based.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Griffeth v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1997 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Walton v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1997 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Woods v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1996 · confidence medium
However, once a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot.” (Punctuation omitted.) Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jones v. State
Md. · 1996 · confidence medium
Among the circumstances relevant to determining what remedy is appropriate is the fact that “a criminal defendant [has] the constitutional right to have a jury whose members are selected pursuant to nondiscriminatory criteria ... ‘and an individual juror has the right not to be excluded from a jury on account of race’.” Ellerbee, 450 S.E.2d at 448 (quoting Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679 , 424 S.E.2d 626, 627 (1993)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Richard v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1996 · confidence medium
The initial inquiry in this type of case is “whether [Richard] established a prima facie case of discrimination to trigger the prosecutor’s duty to give racially neutral reasons for the exercise of his challenged peremptory strikes.” Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Crawford v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1996 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fargason v. State
Ga. · 1996 · confidence medium
The case was docketed in this Court on June 23, 1995, and orally argued on September 18, 1995. 2 See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979). 3 Wilson v. State, 254 Ga. 473, 477 ( 330 SE2d 364 ) (1985). 4 State v. Chambers, 240 Ga. 76 ( 239 SE2d 324 ) (1977). 5 Morris v. State, 264 Ga. 823, 824 ( 452 SE2d 100 ) (1995). 6 .See Jordan v. State, 247 Ga. 328, 349 ( 276 SE2d 224 ) (1981) (noting prejudice to a defendant’s case occurs when facts introduced in testimony and not when the prosecutor refers to the fact). 7 See Black v. State, 264 Ga. 550, 551 ( 448 SE2d 357…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) City of College Park v. Pichon
Ga. Ct. App. · 1995 · confidence medium
“Therefore, since the issue of whether [Pichón] established a prima facie case is moot, we address the issue of the sufficiency of [the City’s] explanations for the exercise of the . . . peremptory [challenge].” Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Ellerbee v. State (3×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
Once the party exercising peremptory challenges “ ‘has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant has made a prima facie showing becomes moot.’ ” Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ); accord Asbury v. Ga. World Congress Center, 212 Ga. App. 628, 629 (1) ( 442 SE2d 822 ) (since trial court required appellee to explain its strikes, the issue of a prima facie showing of discrimination is moot).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Rector v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Asbury v. Georgia World Congress Center
Ga. Ct. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Chunn v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kelly v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
"However, `(o)nce a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot. ([Cit.])'" Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993). (b) We turn, then, to the reasons given by the prosecutor for striking the nine jurors in question, to determine whether he made sufficient showing that the challenges did not involve discriminatory purpose.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Smith v. State
Ga. · 1993 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680-681 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Roger Eric Thorson v. State of Mississippi
Miss. · 1988 · confidence medium
Lewis v. State, 424 S.E.2d 626,628 (Ga. 1993); Congdon v. State, 424 S.E.2d 630 (Ga. 1993); Covin v. State, 449 S.E. 2d 550 (Ga. Ct. App.1994); State v. Adams, 415 S.E.2d 402 (S.C. 1992).
discussed Cited "see" Leeks v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993) (once trial court requires proponent of strike to give neutral explanations, preliminary issue of prima facie case becomes moot).
discussed Cited "see" O'NEAL v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited "see" McKenzie v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Lewis *115 v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 681 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited "see" Buchanan v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Adams v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2009 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See Hernandez v. New York, 500 U. S. 352, 359 (111 SC 1859, 114 LE2d 395) (1991) (“Once a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for [a] peremptory challenge [ ] and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot.”); see also Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2) ( 424 SE2d 626 ) (1993).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Cheeks v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1998 · signal: compare · confidence medium
In Howard v. State, supra, we cited Eaton as authority for the conclusion that third cousins are related in the sixth degree. 20 See id. 21 (Emphasis in original; physical precedent only.) Adefenwa v. State, 221 Ga. App. 429 ( 471 SE2d 900 ) (1996); see Strickland v. Washington, 466 U. S. 668 (104 SC 2052, 80 LE2d 674) (1984). 22 Bell v. State, 226 Ga. App. 271, 274 (7) ( 486 SE2d 422 ) (1997). 23 Wells v. State, 261 Ga. 282, 283 (2) ( 404 SE2d 106 ) (1991); Jones v. State, 139 Ga. App. 824 (2) ( 229 SE2d 789 ) (1976); compare Eaton v, Grindle, supra. 24 476 U. S. 79 (106 SC 1712, 90 LE2d 69) …
examined Cited "see, e.g." Wilburn v. State (4×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1998 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 (2), 424 S.E.2d 626 (1993).
examined Cited "see, e.g." Lingo v. State (4×)
Ga. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence medium
The dissent would require the prosecutor to go only with his "best shot" in support of any strike, notwithstanding the fact that additional reasons make the particular juror a worse prospect than other jurors. [6] While a challenge on appeal to the validity of a prima facie case may be precluded "[o]nce a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination," Hernandez v. New York, 500 U. S. ___ (111 SC 1859, 1866, 114 LE2d 395) (1991); see also Lewis v. State, 262 Ga. 679, 680 ( 424…
Lewis
v.
the State
S92A1489.
Supreme Court of Georgia.
Jan 15, 1993.
424 S.E.2d 626
L. Clark Landrum, for appellant., David E. Perry, District Attorney, Michael J. Bowers, Attorney General, Susan V. Boleyn, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Peggy R. Katz, Staff Attorney, for appellee.
Benham, Clarke, Fletcher, Sears-Collins, Hunstein, Hunt.
Cited by 74 opinions  |  Published
1 passages pin-cited by 2 cases
Pinpoint authority: #42,245 of 633,719
Citer courts: Court of Appeals of Georgia (3)
Benham, Justice.

Appellant was indicted for and convicted of the malice murder and the felony murder of his former wife, and the malice murder and felony murder of a visitor to his former wife’s apartment. [1]

1. Although appellant does not contest the sufficiency of the evidence presented against him, our review of the record reveals that the State presented sufficient evidence from which a rational trier of fact could conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of the crimes charged. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979). However, as the State concedes, the trial court erred when it imposed sentences upon the convictions for both the malice murder and the felony murder of each victim. See Wade v. State, 258 Ga. 324 (2) (368 SE2d 482) (1988); OCGA § 16-1-7 (a). The case is remanded in order that the felony murder convictions and the sentences imposed thereon be vacated.

2. Appellant contends the trial court also erred when it overruled his claim that the prosecutor systematically excluded black venirepersons from the petit jury. See Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U. S. 79 (106 SC 1712, 90 LE2d 69) (1986). The district attorney used seven of the eight peremptory strikes he exercised to exclude black citizens from jury service. The jury that tried appellant consisted of eleven white members, and one black member. Appellant takes issue only with the explanation proffered by the State for striking two of the black venirepersons: that the widow of one of the victims did not want either of them on the jury. [2]

[*680] The initial question is whether appellant established a prima facie case of discrimination to trigger the prosecutor’s duty to give racially neutral reasons for the exercise of his challenged peremptory strikes. However,

[o]nce a prosecutor has offered a race-neutral explanation for the peremptory challenges and the trial court has ruled on the ultimate question of intentional discrimination, the preliminary issue of whether the defendant had made a prima facie showing becomes moot. [Hernandez v. New York, 500 U. S. __ (111 SC 1859, 1866, 114 LE2d 395) (1991).]

Therefore, since the issue of whether appellant established a prima facie case is moot, we address the issue of the sufficiency of the district attorney’s explanations for the exercise of the two peremptory challenges.

Jury service preserves the democratic element of the law, as it guards the rights of the parties and insures continued acceptance of the laws by all of the people. [Cit.] It “affords ordinary citizens a valuable opportunity to participate in a process of government, an experience fostering, one hopes, a respect for law.” [Cit.] Indeed, with the exception of voting, for most citizens the honor and privilege of jury duty is their most significant opportunity to participate in the democratic process. [Powers v. Ohio, 499 U. S. __ (111 SC 1364, 1369, 113 LE2d 411) (1991).]

A criminal defendant has a constitutional right to be tried by a jury whose members are selected pursuant to nondiscriminatory criteria (Batson v. Kentucky, supra at 85-86), and an individual juror has the right not to be excluded from a jury on account of race. Powers v. Ohio, supra at 1370. “[T]he exercise of a peremptory challenge must not be based on either the race of the juror or the racial stereotypes held by the party.” Georgia v. McCollum, 60 USLW 4574, 4579, 505 U. S. __ (112 SC 2348, 120 LE2d 33) (1992).

In order for the State to carry its Batson burden, the prosecutor had to explain his striking of the jurors at issue by articulating a racially-neutral reason related to the particular case. Batson v. Kentucky, supra at 98. The prosecutor “must give a ‘clear and reasonably specific’ explanation of his ‘legitimate reasons’ for exercising his chal[*681] lenges. [Cit.]” Id. n. 20. Although the prosecuting attorney acts responsibly when he solicits or accepts input from colleagues, prosecuting witnesses, victims, and victims’ family members concerning the exercise of peremptory challenges, the State does not fulfill its burden to provide racially-neutral reasons by stating that its peremptory challenges were exercised in deference to the wishes of an individual concerned about the case. In such a situation, the State must set forth a racially-neutral, case-related reason underlying the decision of the person to whom the prosecutor deferred. [3] In the case at bar, the prosecutor never enunciated a racially-neutral rationale for Ms. Daniels’ rejection of the two jurors at issue. Since the trial court did not require the State to fully explain its use of the peremptory challenges, we remand the case in order to permit the prosecutor to do so and to allow the trial court to make findings under Batson. Should the trial court determine that the State did not fulfill its burden to provide racially-neutral reasons, a new trial is in order. Should the trial court determine that no Batson violation occurred, appellant’s convictions, following the resentencing mandated in Division 1, will remain in effect. Either party may file a notice of appeal from the trial court’s ruling made on remand. Barton v. State, 184 Ga. App. 258, 260 (361 SE2d 250) (1987).

Decided January 15, 1993. L. Clark Landrum, for appellant. David E. Perry, District Attorney, Michael J. Bowers, Attorney General, Susan V. Boleyn, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Peggy [*682] R. Katz, Staff Attorney, for appellee.

[*681] 3. Two months after his appeal was submitted for decision, appellant filed an additional enumeration of error in which he takes issue with the content of the trial court’s charge on voluntary manslaughter. Rule 39 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Georgia requires the enumerations of error to be filed as a separate part of appellant’s brief within 20 days after the case is docketed in this court. The new enumeration of error is therefore untimely and will not be considered. Trenor v. State, 252 Ga. 264 (8) (313 SE2d 482) (1984).

Case remanded with direction.

Clarke, C. J., Fletcher, Sears-Collins and Hunstein, JJ., concur; Hunt, P. J., concurs in the judgment only.
1

The crimes were committed on August 9, 1991, and appellant was indicted on September 24. He was tried on March 23-25, 1992, convicted on all four counts, and given a sentence of life imprisonment for each conviction. Appellant filed a motion for new trial on April 22, which was amended on July 21 and denied on July 30. His notice of appeal was filed on July 31. The appeal was docketed in this court on September 1, 1992, and submitted for decision without oral argument on October 10.

2

When explaining the exercise of his peremptory strikes now challenged, the district attorney stated:

The State — I personally had no reason to strike [a black female juror] with the exception that in counsel with Ms. Daniels [the victim’s widow], Ms. Daniels did not feel that she would be a good juror in this particular case. And going on her assessment of the person as a juror, the State struck [the black female juror], . . . [T]he State had no independent reason of its own to strike [a black male juror]. Again, in consultation with Ms. Daniels . .. Ms. Daniels indicated she did not wish [the black male juror] to be on the jury. I point out, again, that Ms. Daniels is a black female.[*680] She’s a very prominent member of our community. Her husband [was] a very prominent official. And she asked us to remove [the black juror] from the panel, which we did.
3

We note a point made by the U. S. Supreme Court in Georgia v. McCollum, supra at 4579:

Counsel can ordinarily explain the reasons for peremptory challenges without revealing anything about trial strategy or any confidential client communications. In the rare case in which the explanation for challenges would entail confidential communications or reveal trial strategy, an in camera discussion can be arranged. [Cits.]