ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 (N.Y. App. Div. 1976). · Go Syfert
ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 (N.Y. App. Div. 1976). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“starkey's composing activities, which he has exploited in the united states through attorneys and accountants whom he has retained in new york on a continuing basis, constitute doing business in new york.”
130 citation events (33 in the last 25 years) across 16 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Chevron Corp. v. Donziger (nysd, 2011-03-07)
Treatment trajectory · 1976 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1976 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Chevron Corp. v. Donziger (2×) also: Cited "see"
S.D.N.Y. · 2011 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
starkey's composing activities, which he has exploited in the united states through attorneys and accountants whom he has retained in new york on a continuing basis, constitute doing business in new york.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) CJS Indus. Inc. v. Dolce
N.Y. App. Div. · 2025 · confidence medium
The court dismissed these claims on the grounds that the role of the various defendants in the fraud were not pleaded with sufficient particularity as required by CPLR 3016 ( ABKCO Indus. v Lennon , 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1st Dept 1976]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 1759 Monroe Ct. LLC v. Brown
Civ. Ct. NYC, Bronx Cty. · 2024 · confidence medium
However, such a designation can only be made if the designating party does not know all or part of the other party's name; otherwise, the party must be identified to the extent that his or her name is known .") [emphasis added], quoting ABKCO Indus. v Lennon , 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1st Dept. 1976]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 1759 Monroe Ct. LLC v. Brown
Civ. Ct. NYC, Bronx Cty. · 2024 · confidence medium
However, such a designation can only be made if the designating party does not know all or part of the other party's name; otherwise, the party must be identified to the extent that his or her name is known .") [emphasis added], quoting ABKCO Indus. v Lennon , 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1st Dept. 1976]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 1759 Monroe Ct. LLC v. Brown
Civ. Ct. NYC, Bronx Cty. · 2024 · confidence medium
However, such a designation can only be made if the designating party does not know all or part of the other party's name; otherwise, the party must be identified to the extent that his or her name is known .") [emphasis added], quoting ABKCO Indus. v Lennon , 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1st Dept. 1976]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 1759 Monroe Ct. LLC v. Brown
Civ. Ct. NYC, Bronx Cty. · 2024 · confidence medium
However, such a designation can only be made if the designating party does not know all or part of the other party's name; otherwise, the party must be identified to the extent that his or her name is known .") [emphasis added], quoting ABKCO Indus. v Lennon , 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1st Dept. 1976]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) U.S. Bank National Ass'n v. Losner
N.Y. App. Div. · 2016 · confidence medium
Partnership, 229 AD2d 249, 253 [1997]; Porter v Kingsbrook OB/GYN Assoc., 209 AD2d 497 [1994]; ABKCO Indus, v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 441-442 [1976]), the motion to amend was made within the limitations period.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Redstone Garage Corp. v. New Breed Automotive, Inc.
N.Y. App. Term. · 2016 · confidence medium
If the plaintiff knows, or reasonably should know, the defendant's true name, an unknown party designation in the summons will generally be treated as a jurisdictional defect ( see ABKCO Indus., Inc. v Lennon , 52 AD2d 435, 441-442 [1976]), and the failure to exercise due diligence to ascertain the defendant's true name subjects the complaint to dismissal as to that party ( see Bumpus v New York City Tr.
cited Cited as authority (rule) D&R Global Selections, S.L. v. Bodega Olegario Falcon Pineiro
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
Therefore, the courts have no subject matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to Business Corporation Law § 1314 (b) (5) (see ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 440 [1st Dept 1976]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ralph Cole Hardware v. Ardowork Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · confidence medium
ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 440 [1st Dept 1976]; see also Bryant v Finnish Natl.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ralph Cole Hardware v. Ardowork Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · confidence medium
ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 440 [1st Dept 1976]; see also Bryant v Finnish Natl.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) TAGC Management, LLC v. Lehman
S.D.N.Y. · 2012 · confidence medium
Under CPLR § 301, general jurisdiction, which arises out of a defendant’s contacts with the forum even if the contacts are unrelated to the action before the court, is established over a foreign corporation or individual engaging in a “continuous and systematic course of doing business in New York.” See Hoffritz for Cutlery, Inc. v. Amajac, Ltd., 763 F.2d 55, 58 (2d Cir. 1985) (foreign corporation); ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 85 Misc.2d 465 , 377 N.Y.S.2d 362 , 366-67 (Sup.Ct.1975), modified, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (1st Dep’t 1976) (foreign individual).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) AirTran New York, LLC v. Midwest Air Group, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2007 · confidence medium
Business Corporation Law § 1314, which determines when New York has subject matter jurisdiction over an action by a foreign corporation against another foreign corporation, employs CPLR 302’s standard “doing business” test (see Simonson v International Bank, 14 NY2d 281 [1964]; ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 440 [1976]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Intertec Contracting A/S v. Turner Steiner International
N.Y. App. Div. · 2004 · confidence medium
Although plaintiffs’ cause of action had its genesis in Sri Lanka, defendants have failed to demonstrate that they would suffer any greater hardship if the action remained in New York, particularly where TSI and The Turner Corporation have offices in New York, where TSEAL routinely has held its board meetings in New York and where defendants engaged in very extensive pretrial discovery in both the New York State and federal courts (see ABKCO Indus, v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1976]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 777388 Ontario Ltd. & K.R. Moeller Associates, Ltd. v. Lencore Acoustics Corp.
E.D.N.Y · 2001 · confidence medium
The charge of conspiracy is merely the string which serves to connect defendants to the actionable wrong and the overt acts which caused injury.” Chrysler Capital Corp., 778 F.Supp. at 1267 n. 8 (citing Grove Press, Inc. v. Angleton, 649 F.2d 121, 123 (2d Cir.1981), ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783 (1st Dep't 1976), Kajtazi v. Kajtazi, 488 F.Supp. 15, 21 (E.D.N.Y.1978) (citing Rutkin v. Reinfeld, 229 F.2d 248, 252 (2d Cir.1956), ce rt. denied sub nom.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. World Interactive Gaming Corp.
N.Y. Sup. Ct. · 1999 · confidence medium
(See, e.g., Frummer v Hilton Hotels Intl., 19 NY2d 533, 537 [1967]; see also, Gonzales v Ametek, Inc., 50 Misc 2d 62, 65-67 [Sup Ct, Queens County 1966]; ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 440 [1st Dept 1976].) There must be some proof that the parent company dominates or controls the daily activities of the subsidiary (Delagi v Volkswagenwerk A.G., 29 NY2d 426 [1972]; Taca Intl.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Daniel v. American Board of Emergency Medicine
W.D.N.Y. · 1997 · confidence medium
Durante Brothers and Sons, Inc. v. Flushing National Bank, 755 F.2d 239, 251 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 473 U.S. 906 , 105 S.Ct. 3530 , 87 L.Ed.2d 654 (1985) (New York law does not recognize a substantive tort of conspiracy); Grove Press, Inc. v. Angleton, 649 F.2d 121, 123 (2d Cir.1981); Chrysler Corp., supra, at 1267 n. 8; ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (1st Dep’t.1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Glendora v. Malone
S.D.N.Y. · 1996 · confidence medium
See N.Y.Civ.Prac.L. & R. § 301; Laufer v. Ostrow, 55 N.Y.2d 305 , 449 N.Y.S.2d 456, 460-61 , 434 N.E.2d 692, 695-97 (1982); Lancaster v. Colonial Motor Freight Line, Inc., 177 A.D.2d 152 , 581 N.Y.S.2d 283, 288 (1992) (citing ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783-84 (1976)); 1 Jack B.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Authority v. Wimpfheimer
N.Y. App. Term. · 1995 · confidence medium
We agree that CPLR 1024 permits use of a fictitious name only where the adversary is ignorant of the name and identity of proper parties, and that dismissal is warranted against such parties — in this case subtenants — where, as here, their names and identities were concededly known to landlord prior to commencement of the underlying holdover proceeding (ABKCO Indus, v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 441; Capital Resources Corp. v Doe, 154 Misc 2d 864 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Houbigant, Inc.
Bankr. S.D.N.Y. · 1995 · confidence medium
See Durante Bros. & Sons, Inc. v. Flushing National Bank, 755 F.2d 239, 251 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 473 U.S. 906 , 105 S.Ct. 3530 , 87 L.Ed.2d 654 (1985); Ahmed v. National Bank of Pakistan, 572 F.Supp. 550, 554-55 (S.D.N.Y.1983); ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (N.Y.App.Div.1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) First Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Souto
N.Y. City Civ. Ct. · 1993 · confidence medium
(ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1st Dept 1976]; Leist v Richburg, NYLJ, Nov. 18, 1987, at 13, col 2 [App Term, 2d & 11th Jud Dists]; Capital Resources Corp. v Doe, 154 Misc 2d 864 [Civ Ct, Kings County 1992]; see also, Town of Hancock v First Nat’l.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 210 East 86th Street Corp. v. Combustion Engineering, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1993 · confidence medium
See Valdan Sportswear v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 591 F.Supp. 1188, 1191 (S.D.N.Y.1984) (“As plaintiff acknowledges, ‘in New York there is no substantive tort of civil conspiracy.’ ”); Green v. Davies, 182 N.Y. 499 , 75 N.E. 536 (1905) (plaintiffs claim that in pursuance of the alleged conspiracy, defendants slandered the plaintiff and maliciously instituted an action, did not state a claim for conspiracy but rather stated two distinct claims, one for slander and another for malicious prosecution); Mackie v. LaSalle Industries, Inc., 92 A.D.2d 821 , 460 N.Y.S.2d 313, 316 (1st Dep’t 198…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Chrysler Capital Corp. v. Century Power Corp.
S.D.N.Y. · 1991 · confidence medium
Grove Press, Inc. v. Angleton, 649 F.2d 121, 123 (2d Cir.1981), ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783 (1st Dep’t 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kingsepp v. Wesleyan University
S.D.N.Y. · 1991 · confidence medium
See Diskin v. Starck, 538 F.Supp. 877, 880 (E.D.N.Y.1982); Laufer v. Ostrow, 55 N.Y.2d 305 , 449 N.Y.S.2d 456, 460 , 434 N.E.2d 692, 697 (1982); ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (1st Dep’t 1976).
cited Cited as authority (rule) New York Marine Managers, Inc. v. M v. \TOPOR-1\""
S.D.N.Y. · 1989 · confidence medium
ABKCO Indus. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 439-40 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783-84 (1st Dep’t 1976); 1 J.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Parks v. Steinbrenner
N.Y. App. Div. · 1985 · confidence medium
(Laufer v Ostrow, 55 NY2d 305, 313 [1982]; ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 440 [1st Dept 1976].) We modify, however, to hold that substituted service under CPLR 308 (2) was also properly effectuated.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Masiello v. Perini Corp.
Mass. · 1985 · confidence medium
Corp. v. Gulf Oil Corp., 588 F.2d 221 (7th Cir. 1978); Silver Chrylser Plymouth, Inc. v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 518 F.2d 751 (2d Cir. 1975); Reardon v. Marlayne, Inc., 83 N.J. 460 (1980); ABKCO Indus. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 442 (N.Y. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Durante Bros. And Sons, Inc. v. Flushing National Bank, Jack Farber and Richard Gelman
2d Cir. · 1985 · confidence medium
Count 7 was properly dismissed, either as duplicative of counts 1-6, or as failing to state a claim on which relief may be granted since New York law does not recognize a substantive tort of conspiracy, Ahmed v. National Bank of Pakistan, 572 F.Supp. 550, 554-55 (S.D.N.Y. 1983); Powell v. Kopman, 511 F.Supp. 700, 704 (S.D.N.Y.1981); ABKCO Industries v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 441 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (1st Dep’t 1976).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Valdan Sportswear v. Montgomery Ward & Co.
S.D.N.Y. · 1984 · confidence medium
Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 437 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783 (1976); see Grove Press, Inc. v. Angleton, 649 F.2d 121, 123 (2d Cir.1981). 16 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ahmed v. Nat. Bank of Pakistan
S.D.N.Y. · 1983 · confidence medium
See e.g., Louis Marx & Co., Inc. v. Fuji Seiko Co., 453 F.Supp. 385, 392 (S.D.N.Y.1978); ABCKO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, *555 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (N.Y.App.Div.1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Diskin Ex Rel. Diskin v. Starck
E.D.N.Y · 1982 · confidence medium
The lower New York courts have applied this test to individuals as well as corporations, see e.g., Abkco Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 440 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783-84 (1st Dep’t 1976), without disapproval from the Court of Appeals, see Laufer v. Ostrow, supra, at 309-311, 449 N.Y.S.2d at 458-459 , 434 N.E.2d at 694-695 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) Powell v. Kopman
S.D.N.Y. · 1981 · confidence medium
Ghazoul v. International Management Services, Inc., 398 F.Supp. 307, 311 (1975) ; ABKO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 437 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783 (1976) .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bussanich v. United States Lines, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 1980 · confidence medium
After all of these activities have been pursued in New York and the note of issue and certificate of readiness have been filed without objection, dismissal for inconvenient forum is not justified "despite the existence of other factors which support dismissal by application of the doctrine” (ABKCO Inds. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 441; see, also, Mirabella v Banco Ind. De La Republica Argentina, 43 AD2d 489 ; Confeccoes Wolens, S. A. v Shutzer Inds., 65 AD2d 710 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lámar v. American Basketball Ass'n
S.D.N.Y. · 1979 · confidence medium
It was on this premise that jurisdiction was found in ABKCO, supra. There, the non-resident defendant’s business activities were conducted “through attorneys and accountants whom he retained in New York on a continuing basis, constituting] doing business in New York.” ABKCO, supra, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d at 784 (Appellate Division).
discussed Cited "see" George Tut & Co. v. Doe
N.Y. City Civ. Ct. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
Under the circumstances, landlord’s use of a fictitious name in the pleading to describe [respondent] was not authorized under CPLR 1024.” (Varveris v Infante, NYLJ, Oct. 28, 1994, at 32, col 5; see ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435, 441 [1976].) Further, it is of no moment to argue that there is no prejudice to the respondent, notwithstanding that she knew that she was the only person who qualified as the “daughter of Ahmed Zokari” and appeared in response to the service of process.
discussed Cited "see" AirTran New York, LLC v. Midwest Air Group, Inc.
N.Y. Sup. Ct. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
(See Simonson v International Bank, 16 AD2d 55, 56 [1st Dept 1962] [discussing Business Corporation Law § 1314’s predecessor statutes, General Corporation Law §§ 224 and 225, “which are in effect venue statutes”]; see Sie gel, NY Prac § 83 [3d ed] [“Comparing Corporate ‘Doing Business’ Tests”].) Thus, interpreting “doing business” under Business Corporation Law § 1314 as akin to CPLR 301, as the Court did in ABKCO Indus. v Lennon ( 52 AD2d 435 [1st Dept 1976]), has no bearing on how to analyze Business Corporation Law § 1315.
discussed Cited "see" Martin-Trigona v. Brooks & Holtzman (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781 (1976). 19 .
discussed Cited "see" Grove Valve & Regulator Co. v. Iranian Oil Services Ltd. (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (1st Dep’t 1976) .
discussed Cited "see" Kajtazi v. Kajtazi (2×)
E.D.N.Y · 1978 · signal: see · confidence high
See ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 437 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783 (1976); Health Delivery Systems Inc. v. Scheinman, 42 A.D.2d 566, 567 , 344 N.Y.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." First Capital Asset Management, Inc. v. Brickellbush, Inc. (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 2002 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781 (1st Dept.1976), with Nilsa B.B. v. Clyde Blackwell H., 84 A.D.2d 295 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579 (2d Dept.1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Jacobs v. Felix Bloch Erben Verlag Fur Buhne Film Und Funk KG (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 2001 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781 (1st Dep’t 1976) (holding that Beatles drummer Ringo Starr was “doing business” in New York), with Nilsa B.B. v. Clyde Blackwell H., 84 A.D.2d 295 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579 (2d Dep’t 1981) (holding that CPLR § 301 was not intended to reach individuals).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." NationsBank, N.A. v. MacOil, Inc. (In Re Med-Atlantic Petroleum Corp.) (2×)
Bankr. S.D.N.Y. · 1999 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare In re Nilsa B. v. Clyde H., 84 A.D.2d 295 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579 (2d Dep't 1981) (holding that C.P.L.R. § 301 does not confer personal jurisdiction over a natural person who transacts business in New York) with ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781 (1st Dep’t 1976) (Silverman, J., dissenting) (natural person who is “doing business” in New York is subject to the court's personal jurisdiction under section 301 with respect to causes of action which did not arise in New York). 8 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Stewart v. Volkswagen of America, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
Airlines v Rolls-Royce of England, supra; see also, ABKCO Indus. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435 ) so long as the two entities are so closely associated that the subsidiary can be considered a mere department of the parent.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Twine v. Levy (2×)
E.D.N.Y · 1990 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 85 Misc.2d 465 , 377 N.Y.S.2d 362 (1975), aff'd in part and mod in part, 52 A.D.2d 435, 440 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783-84 (1st Dep’t 1976) (doing business standard applicable to individuals); with Nilsa B.B. v. Blackwell H., 84 A.D.2d 295, 306 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579, 587 (2d Dep’t 1981) (questioning First Department’s broad holding in ABKCO).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Klinghoffer v. S.N.C. Achille Lauro Ed Altrigestione Motonave Achille Lauro in Amministrazione Straordinaria (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1990 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare ABKCO Indus., Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (1st Dep’t 1976) (section 301 provides for personal jurisdiction over individuals doing business in New York) with Nilsa B.B. v. Clyde Blackwell H., 84 A.D.2d 295 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579, 583-84 (2d Dep’t 1981) (“In our view, that section does not provide for jurisdiction in a paternity proceeding over a nondomiciliary who is served outside the State, regardless of whether the cause of action asserted in the petition is regarded as related to his personal contacts with New York.” (footnote omitted)).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Advance Realty Associates v. Krupp (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1986 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare ABCKO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 784 (1st Dept.1976) (applying test to individuals) with Nilsa B. v. Clyde H., 84 A.D.2d 295 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579, 586 (2d Dept. 1981) (rejecting test for individuals).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hoffritz for Cutlery, Inc. And Edwin Jay, Inc. v. Amajac, Ltd. And Jack E. Ayers (2×)
2d Cir. · 1985 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare In re Nilsa B. v. Clyde H., 84 A.D.2d 295 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579 (2d Dep’t 1981) with ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 384 N.Y.S.2d 781 (1st Dep’t 1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Beacon Enterprises, Inc. v. Mary Rose Menzies (2×)
2d Cir. · 1983 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Nilsa B.B. v. Clyde Blackwell H., 84 A.D.2d 295, 301-07 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 579, 582-87 (2d Dep’t 1981), with ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435 , 439 — 40, 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783-84 (1st Dep’t 1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." McHugh v. International Components Corp.
N.Y. Sup. Ct. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
Airlines v Rolls-Royce of England, supra; see, also, ABKCO Inds. v Lennon, 52 AD2d 435), Marcon Japan asserts through a very brief affidavit of Marcon America’s president, that the subsidiary “operates separately and independently from [Marcon Japan]” and that therefore there has been no personal service as required by CPLR 311 (subd 1).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Ruggieri v. General Well Service, Inc. (2×)
D. Colo. · 1982 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Lennon, 52 A.D.2d 435, 384 N.Y.S.2d 781, 783-84 (1976). 5 .
ABKCO Industries, Inc.
v.
John Lennon, , (Action No. 1.) ABKCO Industries, Inc. v. Apple Corps Ltd., (Action No. 2.)
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.
Jun 8, 1976.
52 A.D.2d 435
Max Freund of counsel (Peter F. Nadel, Robert W. Gottlieb and Stephen L. Ratner with him on the brief; Rosenman Colin Freund Lewis & Cohen, attorneys), for respondent., Owen McGivern of counsel (Benjamin Vinar, Robert L. Magielnicki and John W. Wall with him on the brief; Eastman & Eastman, attorneys, and Donovan Leisure Newton & Irvine of counsel), for Paul McCartney, appellant., Peter K. Leisure of counsel (Robert S. Lipton and George Kahale, III, with him on the brief; Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle, attorneys), for Michael B. Boreham, appellant., Richard W. Hulbert of counsel (Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, attorneys), for John Lennon and others, appellants., Reavis & McGrath of counsel on the issue of in personam jurisdiction for Richard Starkey, appellant.
Nunez, Silverman.
Cited by 83 opinions  |  Published

Lead Opinion

Nunez, J.

In two actions (hereinafter referred to as the 1973 action and the 1974 action) by ABKCO Industries, Inc., a theatrical manager, against its former clients, the Beatles, and their related companies, appeals are taken from six orders. In 1969 plaintiff entered into a management contract in London, England with three of the Beatles (other than McCartney) and the Beatles group of companies. McCartney, charging that the agreements with plaintiff wasted partnership assets, commenced proceedings in England to dissolve the Beatles partnership. After the termination of the management agreement, the plaintiff began a spate of actions in New York and California to recover sums loaned to the Beatles and their companies. On November 1, 1973, some months following the last of plaintiffs suits, the Beatles, except McCartney, and fourteen of their companies sued plaintiff and its president, Alan B. Klein, in England alleging the management contract had been induced by misrepresentations and breach of fiduciary duty.

[*439] On November 8, 1973, the 1973 action was commenced against six New York and three California corporations affiliated with the Beatles and against all of the individual Beatles, the wife of one of them and 10 John Does. For John Doe No. 1 the plaintiff substituted Michael Boreham, an English solicitor, representing the Beatles other than McCartney, serving him in December, 1974, when he came to New York to confer with the Beatles’ New York attorneys in reference to the English litigation and the defense of the 1973 action. That action alleges 42 counts. As to defendants other than Bore-ham, i.e., John Doe No. 1, and McCartney, the plaintiff seeks judgment for commissions owing and to accrue in the future, for repayment of loans and for compensation in quantum meruit. Nearly 19 million dollars is thereby sought. Count 42 against all defendants sounds in conspiracy, with overtones of the tort of inducing breach of contract and fraud and seeks an additional 34 million dollars including 10 million dollars in punitive damages.

In the 1974 action, plaintiff brought suit against the Beatles’ English companies seeking four and one-half million dollars. Quasi in rem jurisdiction over six corporations in the two actions was obtained by attachment of assets belonging to these corporations. The defendants moved to dismiss the action for forum non conveniens, insufficiency, lack of personal jurisdiction, and lack of subject matter jurisdiction over the English corporate defendants. The issue of personal jurisdiction was referred to Dean Joseph McLaughlin, Referee, who found that while defendant Apple Corps Ltd. does no business in New York, nonetheless, personal jurisdiction was acquired because Apple Corps Ltd. acted through its alter egos, two subsidiary corporations which the Referee treated as mere departments of Apple Corps Ltd. Dean McLaughlin found that jurisdiction over Starkey (better known as Ringo Starr), who was served in England where he resides, could not be obtained under CPLR 302 since the cause of action does not arise out of the business Starkey may be doing in New York. However, Justice Markowitz found that Starkey does do business in New York "pervasively, unmistakably, undeniably, continuously and substantially” and that jurisdiction was obtained pursuant to CPLR 301.

With respect to Starkey, CPLR 301 provides: "A court may exercise such jurisdiction over persons, property or status as might have been exercised heretofore.” The Second Prelimi[*440] nary Report of the Advisory Committee on Practice and Procedure (NY Legis Doc, 1958, No. 13, p 38) states that the proposed section is designed to make it clear that neither CPLR 302 nor any similar provision supersedes or operates as a limitation upon acquisition of jurisdiction as previously permitted by law and judicial decision or as permitted by this article or any future provision. The report (p 37) further states that one of the objectives of the drafters of the CPLR is to make it possible for a litigant in the New York courts to take full advantage of the State’s constitutional power over persons and things. In Tama v Susquehanna Coal Co. (220 NY 259 [1917]) jurisdiction over a foreign corporation was sustained even though the cause of action did not arise in the business transacted in New York, because the corporation was "doing business” in New York. Starkey’s composing activities, which he has exploited in the United States through attorneys and accountants whom he has retained in New York on a continuing basis, constitute doing business in New York. We reject the assertion that CPLR 301 has preserved the provision contained in section 229-b of the Civil Practice Act limiting the exercise of jurisdiction over nonresident individuals doing business in New York to claims arising from such business in the State. We reject also the assertion that CPLR 302 (subd [a], par 1) limits CPLR 301 to causes of action arising out of the business being done in New York (thereby rendering CPLR 301 redundant when applied to individuals doing business), and hold that where jurisdiction over an individual is obtained independent of CPLR 302 because the individual was "doing business” in New York, jurisdiction will also attach with respect to causes of action which did not arise in New York.

Jurisdiction over Apple Corps Ltd., which does no business in New York, was acquired by service on its subsidiary in New York, the alter ego of the parent through which it acted (Public Administrator v Royal Bank of Canada, 19 NY2d 127). Furthermore, the test for doing business in New York under section 1314 (subd [b], par [5]) of the Business Corporation Law where both parties are foreign corporations is the same as under CPLR 301 (see Fremay, Inc. v Modern Plastic Mach. Corp., 15 AD2d 235 [1st Dept, 1961]).

We now consider, and reject, the contention that the actions should be dismissed on the ground of forum non conveniens. Substantial nexus with New York exists. Plaintiff was to[*441] perform in New York most of its managerial and promotional activities on behalf of the Beatles and the Beatles derive most of their income from New York. The voluminous records plaintiff requires to prove its claims are in New York; plaintiff would incur expenses so large including cessation of its business located in New York, in pursuing the action in England that it might be required to abandon the action; and the judicial effort in the New York actions already exceeds that present in Mirabella v Banco Industrial, 43 AD2d 489 [1st Dept, 1974]) where we held dismissal for forum non conveniens would not be justifiable where substantial pretrial disclosure had been effected here, despite the existence of other factors which support dismissal by application of the doctrine. Silver v Great Amer. Ins. Co. (29 NY2d 356) does not require a contrary conclusion. In that case it was held that the application of the doctrine should turn on consideration of all pertinent factors, including justice, fairness, and convenience, and not solely on the residence of one of the parties. Applying those considerations to the facts herein, we conclude that the doctrine of forum non conveniens should not be invoked.

Turning to the allegation of conspiracy, count 42 pleads in conclusory terms that all the conspirators entered into a course of conduct and engaged in acts to harm plaintiff. Exactly what those acts are cannot be discerned. There is no substantive tort of conspiracy. (Goldstein v Siegel, 19 AD2d 489, 493.) If plaintiff is claiming a conspiracy to induce breach of contract, the fact is that there was no breach but merely an expiration of the contract. Furthermore, the conspirators would be charged with inducing the breach of their own contract, an impossibility. If count 42 is a claim of fraud, it is deficient for failing to particularize the wrong in detail as required by CPLR 3016 (subd [b]) and for failing to particularize all of the necessary elements of the fraud. It is the only count involving McCartney and Boreham (called therein John Doe No. 1). Accordingly, the action as aginst McCartney and Boreham should be dismissed for insufficiency.

Additionally, for Boreham, another basis for dismissal exists. CPLR 1024 allows use of the John Doe caption only where plaintiff is ignorant of the name or identity of a proper party defendant. Boreham’s name and identity had been known to the plaintiff well before the lawsuit was instituted. If plaintiff wished to add Boreham as a party, plaintiff should have acted in accordance with CPLR 305. Plaintiff’s failure to[*442] do so by itself requires dismissal of the action as against Boreham (see Matthews v Schusheim, 42 Misc 2d 176).

There remain for consideration the orders denying disqualification of plaintiff’s attorneys and the order under the caption of both actions allowing plaintiff a premature right to file a note of issue and statement of readiness in each action. Requests to disqualify the law firm representing the other party are becoming common practice (see Kupferman, The Unfortunate Lawyer, The Advocate, vol 22, No. 3, May—June, 1975, p 71). While plaintiffs counsel represented the Beatles in the past, such prior representation does not impinge on the Beatles’ interests herein. No confidential information was imparted to counsel during the prior representation of the Beatles and there is no substantial relationship between the prior representation and these lawsuits.

Finally, we hold that to permit plaintiff to file a statement of readiness upon joinder of issue in each action was improper. No unusual factors exist to depart from subdivision (d) of section 660.4 of the Rules of New York and Bronx Counties Supreme Court (22 NYCRR 660.4 [d]). Discovery has not been completed. There is no reason to give this case preference over other matters pending.

The order of the Supreme Court, New York County (Markowitz, J.), entered December 4, 1975, insofar as appealed from, should be modified, on the law, to the extent of granting McCartney’s motion to dismiss the complaint as insufficient against him, and otherwise affirmed;

The order of the Supreme Court, New York County (Markowitz, J.), entered December 4, 1975 in the 1974 action, raising jurisdictional and other issues, should be affirmed;

The orders of the Supreme Court, New York County (Markowitz, J.), entered December 4, 1975 denying the motions to disqualify plaintiffs counsel, should be affirmed;

The order of the Supreme Court, New York County (Markowitz, J.), entered December 23, 1975, insofar as appealed from, should be modified, on the law and in the exercise of discretion, to the extent of denying plaintiffs cross motion for leave to file a note of issue and statement of readiness immediately upon joinder of issue in each action, and otherwise affirmed; and

The order of the Supreme Court, New York County (Markowitz, J.), entered July 31, 1975, insofar as appealed from,[*443] should be modified, on the law, to the extent of granting Boreham’s motion to dismiss the action as against him, and otherwise affirmed, all without costs and without disbursements.

Settle orders.

Dissent

Silverman, J. (dissenting in part).

I would dismiss this action as to defendant Starkey on the ground of lack of jurisdiction of the person of said defendant. I think that CPLR 301 is not a grant of jurisdiction beyond the jurisdiction that the New York State courts exercised before the adoption of the CPLR. As said defendant is a nonresident individual, he would not have been subject under the former Civil Practice Act to the jurisdiction of the New York courts by service outside the State in an in personam action not arising out of the transaction of business within State even though said defendant might have been doing business within the State. (Cf. Tomaselli v Martens, 283 App Div 742.) I do not think CPLR 301 changes this rule.

Kupferman, J. P., Murphy and Lupiano, JJ., concur with Nunez, J.; Silverman, J., dissents in part in an opinion as to defendant Starkey for lack of in personam jurisdiction.

Order, Supreme Court, New York County, entered July 31, 1975, in Action No. 1, insofar as appealed from, unanimously modified, on the law, to the extent of granting Boreham’s motion to dismiss the action as against him, and otherwise affirmed, without costs and without disbursements.

Order, Supreme Court, New York County, entered December 4, 1975, in Action No. 1, insofar as appealed from, modified, on the law, to the extent of granting McCartney’s motion to dismiss the complaint as insufficient against him, and otherwise affirmed, without costs and without disbursements.

Order, Supreme Court, New York County, entered December 4, 1975 in the 1974 action, raising jurisdictional and other issues, affirmed, without costs and without disbursements.

Orders, Supreme Court, New York County, entered December 4, 1975 denying the motions to disqualify plaintiff’s counsel, unanimously affirmed, without costs and without disbursements.

Order, Supreme Court, New York County, entered December 23, 1975, insofar as appealed from, unanimously modified, on the law and in the exercise of discretion, to the extent of[*444] denying plaintiffs cross motion for leave to file a note of issue and statement of readiness immediately upon joinder of issue in each action, and otherwise affirmed, without costs and without disbursements.

Settle orders on notice.