Ohio Rev. Code » Chapter 2911
Ohio Revised Code

Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02 (2026)

Robbery

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Effective:
July 1, 1996
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 269 - 121st General Assembly
PDF:
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(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following:

(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender's person or under the offender's control;

(2) Inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict physical harm on another;

(3) Use or threaten the immediate use of force against another.

(B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of robbery. A violation of division (A)(1) or (2) of this section is a felony of the second degree. A violation of division (A)(3) of this section is a felony of the third degree.

(C) As used in this section:

(1) "Deadly weapon" has the same meaning as in section 2923.11 of the Revised Code.

(2) "Theft offense" has the same meaning as in section 2913.01 of the Revised Code.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 969 cases (268 in the last 5 years), 1980–2026 · leading case: State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014-Ohio-3744, 19 N.E.3d 870.
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State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014-Ohio-3744, 19 N.E.3d 870. · cites it 56× “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
United States v. Willie Yates, 866 F.3d 723 (6th Cir. 2017). · cites it 22× “Yates’s conviction under Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2911.02 (A)(3) does not qualify as a crime of violence under U.”
State v. Colon, 885 N.E.2d 917 (Ohio 2008). · cites it 13× “21(B) addresses both strict-liability statutes and those statutes, like the robbery statute (R.C. 2911.02), that do not expressly state a culpable mental state.”
State v. Lester, 2009-Ohio-4225, 916 N.E.2d 1038. · cites it 27× “2d 172 , paragraph one of the syllabus, this court held that “[t]he deadly weapon element of R.C. 2911.02(A)(1) * * * does not require the mens rea of recklessness.”
State v. Horner, 2010-Ohio-3830, 935 N.E.2d 26. · cites it 10× “The court held that the statute plainly indicated a purpose to impose strict liability, thus precluding the application of recklessness as the culpable mental state.”
State v. Harris, 2009-Ohio-3323, 911 N.E.2d 882. · cites it 15× “Robbery defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and aggravated robbery defined in R.”
State v. Harper (Slip Opinion), 2020-Ohio-2913, 159 N.E.3d 248. · cites it 4× “{¶ 41} In this case, Harper was indicted on two counts of robbery in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and 2911.02(A)(3), which are second- and third- degree felonies, respectively, pursuant to R.”
State v. Wharf, 715 N.E.2d 172 (Ohio 1999). · cites it 18× “” As previously mentioned, the offense of robbery is defined in R.C. 2911.02. Appellant was convicted of violating R.”
State v. Evans, 2009-Ohio-2974, 911 N.E.2d 889. · cites it 7× “For the reasons that follow, robbery as defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) is a lesser included offense of aggravated robbery as defined in R.”
State v. Watson, 796 N.E.2d 578 (Ohio Ct. App. 8th Dist. 2003). · cites it 22× “R.C. 2911.02(A) states: {¶ 5} “(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: {¶ 6} “(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the offender’s control; {¶…”
State v. Frazier, 2016-Ohio-727. · cites it 7× “{¶ 35} R.C. 2911.02, the robbery statute, provides: (A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: (1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the…”
State v. V.M.D., 2016-Ohio-8090, 71 N.E.3d 274. · cites it 8× “01(A)(9)(a) defines a violation of R.C. 2911.02, robbery, as an offense of violence; R.”
Show all 969 citing cases →
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A): 78 cases
State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014-Ohio-3744, 19 N.E.3d 870. “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
State v. Brown, 2024-Ohio-749, 237 N.E.3d 162.
United States v. William Sanders, 470 F.3d 616 (6th Cir. 2006).
State v. Frazier, 2016-Ohio-727. “{¶ 35} R.C. 2911.02, the robbery statute, provides: (A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: (1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the…”
State v. Binford, 2016-Ohio-7678.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1): 156 cases
State v. Lester, 2009-Ohio-4225, 916 N.E.2d 1038. “2d 172 , paragraph one of the syllabus, this court held that “[t]he deadly weapon element of R.C. 2911.02(A)(1) * * * does not require the mens rea of recklessness.”
State v. Wharf, 715 N.E.2d 172 (Ohio 1999). “” As previously mentioned, the offense of robbery is defined in R.C. 2911.02. Appellant was convicted of violating R.”
State v. Wharf, 86 Ohio St. 3d 375 (1999).
State v. Horner, 2010-Ohio-3830, 935 N.E.2d 26. “The court held that the statute plainly indicated a purpose to impose strict liability, thus precluding the application of recklessness as the culpable mental state.”
State v. Haney, 906 N.E.2d 472 (Ohio Ct. App. 4th Dist. 2009).
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(2): 2 cases
State v. Milner, 2015-Ohio-5005.
State v. Petrik, 2010-Ohio-3671.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(B): 1 case
State v. Parker, 2017-Ohio-4382, 93 N.E.3d 164.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(C): 1 case
State v. Kleinhans, 2015-Ohio-5007.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(d): 1 case
State v. Hundley (Slip Opinion), 2020-Ohio-3775, 166 N.E.3d 1066.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(2): 470 cases
State v. Colon, 885 N.E.2d 917 (Ohio 2008). “21(B) addresses both strict-liability statutes and those statutes, like the robbery statute (R.C. 2911.02), that do not expressly state a culpable mental state.”
State v. Harris, 2009-Ohio-3323, 911 N.E.2d 882. “Robbery defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and aggravated robbery defined in R.”
State v. Evans, 2009-Ohio-2974, 911 N.E.2d 889. “For the reasons that follow, robbery as defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) is a lesser included offense of aggravated robbery as defined in R.”
State v. Horner, 2010-Ohio-3830, 935 N.E.2d 26. “The court held that the statute plainly indicated a purpose to impose strict liability, thus precluding the application of recklessness as the culpable mental state.”
State v. Lester, 2009-Ohio-4225, 916 N.E.2d 1038. “2d 172 , paragraph one of the syllabus, this court held that “[t]he deadly weapon element of R.C. 2911.02(A)(1) * * * does not require the mens rea of recklessness.”
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(2)(B): 4 cases
State v. Parker, 2017-Ohio-4382, 93 N.E.3d 164.
State v. Miller, 2010-Ohio-6390.
State v. Bell, 2018-Ohio-3486.
State v. North, 2015-Ohio-4526.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(2)(b): 1 case
State v. Highsmith, 2017-Ohio-7101.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(3): 214 cases
State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014-Ohio-3744, 19 N.E.3d 870. “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
State v. V.M.D., 2016-Ohio-8090, 71 N.E.3d 274. “01(A)(9)(a) defines a violation of R.C. 2911.02, robbery, as an offense of violence; R.”
State v. Watson, 796 N.E.2d 578 (Ohio Ct. App. 8th Dist. 2003). “R.C. 2911.02(A) states: {¶ 5} “(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: {¶ 6} “(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the offender’s control; {¶…”
State v. Tucker, 2018-Ohio-1869.
State ex rel. Womack v. Marsh, 2011-Ohio-229, 128 Ohio St. 3d 303.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(3)(B): 1 case
State v. Cascarelli, 2014-Ohio-5403.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(3)(b): 1 case
State v. Clinton, 2022-Ohio-3353.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(B): 1 case
State v. Hughey, 685 N.E.2d 1318 (Ohio Ct. App. 7th Dist. 1996).
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(B): 29 cases
State v. Harper (Slip Opinion), 2020-Ohio-2913, 159 N.E.3d 248. “{¶ 41} In this case, Harper was indicted on two counts of robbery in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and 2911.02(A)(3), which are second- and third- degree felonies, respectively, pursuant to R.”
State v. Rogers, 2022-Ohio-4126.
State ex rel. Womack v. Marsh, 2011-Ohio-229, 128 Ohio St. 3d 303.
State v. Frazier, 2016-Ohio-727. “{¶ 35} R.C. 2911.02, the robbery statute, provides: (A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: (1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the…”
State v. Duncan, 2014-Ohio-2720.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(C): 1 case
State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014-Ohio-3744, 19 N.E.3d 870. “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(C)(1): 1 case
State v. Tillison, 2019-Ohio-1395.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(C)(2): 6 cases
State v. Lytle, 2016-Ohio-3532.
In re D.R.S., 2016-Ohio-3262.
State v. Roulette, 2011-Ohio-6993.
State v. Floyd, 2012-Ohio-3551.
State v. Catney, 2017-Ohio-90.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(K): 2 cases
United States v. Tyren Cervenak, 135 F.4th 311 (6th Cir. 2025).
United States v. Tyren Cervenak, No. 23-3466 (6th Cir. Apr. 2, 2025).
Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(a)(1): 1 case
United States v. Errol King, 853 F.3d 267 (6th Cir. 2017).
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