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Ohio Revised Code

Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02 (2026)

Robbery

✓ current as of May 2026
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Effective:
July 1, 1996
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 269 - 121st General Assembly
PDF:
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(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following:

(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender's person or under the offender's control;

(2) Inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict physical harm on another;

(3) Use or threaten the immediate use of force against another.

(B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of robbery. A violation of division (A)(1) or (2) of this section is a felony of the second degree. A violation of division (A)(3) of this section is a felony of the third degree.

(C) As used in this section:

(1) "Deadly weapon" has the same meaning as in section 2923.11 of the Revised Code.

(2) "Theft offense" has the same meaning as in section 2913.01 of the Revised Code.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 969 cases (268 in the last 5 years), 1980–2026 · leading case: State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014 Ohio 3744 (Ohio 2014).
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State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014 Ohio 3744 (Ohio 2014). · cites it 56× “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
United States v. Willie Yates, 866 F.3d 723 (6th Cir. 2017). · cites it 22× “Yates’s conviction under Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2911.02 (A)(3) does not qualify as a crime of violence under U.”
State v. Colon, 885 N.E.2d 917 (Ohio 2008). · cites it 13× “21(B) addresses both strict-liability statutes and those statutes, like the robbery statute (R.C. 2911.02), that do not expressly state a culpable mental state.”
State v. Lester, 2009 Ohio 4225 (Ohio 2009). · cites it 27× “2d 172 , paragraph one of the syllabus, this court held that “[t]he deadly weapon element of R.C. 2911.02(A)(1) * * * does not require the mens rea of recklessness.”
State v. Horner, 2010 Ohio 3830 (Ohio 2010). · cites it 10× “The court held that the statute plainly indicated a purpose to impose strict liability, thus precluding the application of recklessness as the culpable mental state.”
State v. Harris, 2009 Ohio 3323 (Ohio 2009). · cites it 15× “Robbery defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and aggravated robbery defined in R.”
State v. Harper (Slip Opinion), 2020 Ohio 2913 (Ohio 2020). · cites it 4× “{¶ 41} In this case, Harper was indicted on two counts of robbery in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and 2911.02(A)(3), which are second- and third- degree felonies, respectively, pursuant to R.”
State v. Wharf, 715 N.E.2d 172 (Ohio 1999). · cites it 18× “” As previously mentioned, the offense of robbery is defined in R.C. 2911.02. Appellant was convicted of violating R.”
State v. Evans, 2009 Ohio 2974 (Ohio 2009). · cites it 7× “For the reasons that follow, robbery as defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) is a lesser included offense of aggravated robbery as defined in R.”
State v. Watson, 796 N.E.2d 578 (Ohio Ct. App. 2003). · cites it 22× “R.C. 2911.02(A) states: {¶ 5} “(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: {¶ 6} “(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the offender’s control; {¶…”
State v. Frazier, 2016 Ohio 727 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016). · cites it 7× “{¶ 35} R.C. 2911.02, the robbery statute, provides: (A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: (1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the…”
State v. V.M.D., 2016 Ohio 8090 (Ohio 2016). · cites it 8× “01(A)(9)(a) defines a violation of R.C. 2911.02, robbery, as an offense of violence; R.”
Show all 969 citing cases →
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A) — 78 cases
State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014 Ohio 3744 (Ohio 2014). “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
State v. Brown, 2024 Ohio 749 (Ohio 2024).
United States v. William Sanders, 470 F.3d 616 (6th Cir. 2006).
State v. Frazier, 2016 Ohio 727 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016). “{¶ 35} R.C. 2911.02, the robbery statute, provides: (A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: (1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the…”
State v. Binford, 2016 Ohio 7678 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1) — 156 cases
State v. Lester, 2009 Ohio 4225 (Ohio 2009). “2d 172 , paragraph one of the syllabus, this court held that “[t]he deadly weapon element of R.C. 2911.02(A)(1) * * * does not require the mens rea of recklessness.”
State v. Wharf, 715 N.E.2d 172 (Ohio 1999). “” As previously mentioned, the offense of robbery is defined in R.C. 2911.02. Appellant was convicted of violating R.”
State v. Wharf, 1999 Ohio 112 (Ohio 1999).
State v. Horner, 2010 Ohio 3830 (Ohio 2010). “The court held that the statute plainly indicated a purpose to impose strict liability, thus precluding the application of recklessness as the culpable mental state.”
State v. Haney, 906 N.E.2d 472 (Ohio Ct. App. 2009).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(2) — 2 cases
State v. Milner, 2015 Ohio 5005 (Ohio Ct. App. 2015).
State v. Petrik, 2010 Ohio 3671 (Ohio Ct. App. 2010).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(B) — 1 case
State v. Parker, 2017 Ohio 4382 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(C) — 1 case
State v. Kleinhans, 2015 Ohio 5007 (Ohio Ct. App. 2015).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(1)(d) — 1 case
State v. Hundley (Slip Opinion), 2020 Ohio 3775 (Ohio 2020).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(2) — 470 cases
State v. Colon, 885 N.E.2d 917 (Ohio 2008). “21(B) addresses both strict-liability statutes and those statutes, like the robbery statute (R.C. 2911.02), that do not expressly state a culpable mental state.”
State v. Harris, 2009 Ohio 3323 (Ohio 2009). “Robbery defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and aggravated robbery defined in R.”
State v. Evans, 2009 Ohio 2974 (Ohio 2009). “For the reasons that follow, robbery as defined in R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) is a lesser included offense of aggravated robbery as defined in R.”
State v. Horner, 2010 Ohio 3830 (Ohio 2010). “The court held that the statute plainly indicated a purpose to impose strict liability, thus precluding the application of recklessness as the culpable mental state.”
State v. Lester, 2009 Ohio 4225 (Ohio 2009). “2d 172 , paragraph one of the syllabus, this court held that “[t]he deadly weapon element of R.C. 2911.02(A)(1) * * * does not require the mens rea of recklessness.”
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(2)(B) — 4 cases
State v. Parker, 2017 Ohio 4382 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
State v. Miller, 2010 Ohio 6390 (Ohio Ct. App. 2010).
State v. Bell, 2018 Ohio 3486 (Ohio Ct. App. 2018).
State v. North, 2015 Ohio 4526 (Ohio Ct. App. 2015).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(2)(b) — 1 case
State v. Highsmith, 2017 Ohio 7101 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(3) — 214 cases
State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014 Ohio 3744 (Ohio 2014). “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
State v. V.M.D., 2016 Ohio 8090 (Ohio 2016). “01(A)(9)(a) defines a violation of R.C. 2911.02, robbery, as an offense of violence; R.”
State v. Watson, 796 N.E.2d 578 (Ohio Ct. App. 2003). “R.C. 2911.02(A) states: {¶ 5} “(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: {¶ 6} “(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the offender’s control; {¶…”
State v. Tucker, 2018 Ohio 1869 (Ohio Ct. App. 2018).
State ex rel. Womack v. Marsh, 2011 Ohio 229 (Ohio 2011).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(3)(B) — 1 case
State v. Cascarelli, 2014 Ohio 5403 (Ohio Ct. App. 2014).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(3)(b) — 1 case
State v. Clinton, 2022 Ohio 3353 (Ohio Ct. App. 2022).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(A)(B) — 1 case
State v. Hughey, 685 N.E.2d 1318 (Ohio Ct. App. 1996).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(B) — 29 cases
State v. Harper (Slip Opinion), 2020 Ohio 2913 (Ohio 2020). “{¶ 41} In this case, Harper was indicted on two counts of robbery in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) and 2911.02(A)(3), which are second- and third- degree felonies, respectively, pursuant to R.”
State v. Rogers, 2022 Ohio 4126 (Ohio Ct. App. 2022).
State ex rel. Womack v. Marsh, 2011 Ohio 229 (Ohio 2011).
State v. Frazier, 2016 Ohio 727 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016). “{¶ 35} R.C. 2911.02, the robbery statute, provides: (A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following: (1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the…”
State v. Duncan, 2014 Ohio 2720 (Ohio Ct. App. 2014).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(C) — 1 case
State v. Tolliver (Slip Opinion), 2014 Ohio 3744 (Ohio 2014). “Because R.C. 2911.02 defines every robbery to include the culpable mental states of the predicate theft offense, R.”
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(C)(1) — 1 case
State v. Tillison, 2019 Ohio 1395 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(C)(2) — 6 cases
State v. Lytle, 2016 Ohio 3532 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016).
In re D.R.S., 2016 Ohio 3262 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016).
State v. Roulette, 2011 Ohio 6993 (Ohio Ct. App. 2011).
State v. Floyd, 2012 Ohio 3551 (Ohio Ct. App. 2012).
State v. Catney, 2017 Ohio 90 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(K) — 2 cases
United States v. Tyren Cervenak, 135 F.4th 311 (6th Cir. 2025).
United States v. Tyren Cervenak (6th Cir. 2025).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.02(a)(1) — 1 case
United States v. Errol King, 853 F.3d 267 (6th Cir. 2017).
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