U.S. Code » Title 11 » Chapter CHAPTER 11— REORGANIZATION › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER I— OFFICERS AND ADMINISTRATION

11 U.S.C. § 1114

Payment of insurance benefits to retired employees

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(a) For purposes of this section, the term “retiree benefits” means payments to any entity or person for the purpose of providing or reimbursing payments for retired employees and their spouses and dependents, for medical, surgical, or hospital care benefits, or benefits in the event of sickness, accident, disability, or death under any plan, fund, or program (through the purchase of insurance or otherwise) maintained or established in whole or in part by the debtor prior to filing a petition commencing a case under this title.(b)(1) For purposes of this section, the term “authorized representative” means the authorized representative designated pursuant to subsection (c) for persons receiving any retiree benefits covered by a collective bargaining agreement or subsection (d) in the case of persons receiving retiree benefits not covered by such an agreement.(2) Committees of retired employees appointed by the court pursuant to this section shall have the same rights, powers, and duties as committees appointed under sections 1102 and 1103 of this title for the purpose of carrying out the purposes of sections 1114 and 1129(a)(13) and, as permitted by the court, shall have the power to enforce the rights of persons under this title as they relate to retiree benefits.(c)(1) A labor organization shall be, for purposes of this section, the authorized representative of those persons receiving any retiree benefits covered by any collective bargaining agreement to which that labor organization is signatory, unless (A) such labor organization elects not to serve as the authorized representative of such persons, or (B) the court, upon a motion by any party in interest, after notice and hearing, determines that different representation of such persons is appropriate.(2) In cases where the labor organization referred to in paragraph (1) elects not to serve as the authorized representative of those persons receiving any retiree benefits covered by any collective bargaining agreement to which that labor organization is signatory, or in cases where the court, pursuant to paragraph (1) finds different representation of such persons appropriate, the court, upon a motion by any party in interest, and after notice and a hearing, shall appoint a committee of retired employees if the debtor seeks to modify or not pay the retiree benefits or if the court otherwise determines that it is appropriate, from among such persons, to serve as the authorized representative of such persons under this section.(d) The court, upon a motion by any party in interest, and after notice and a hearing, shall order the appointment of a committee of retired employees if the debtor seeks to modify or not pay the retiree benefits or if the court otherwise determines that it is appropriate, to serve as the authorized representative, under this section, of those persons receiving any retiree benefits not covered by a collective bargaining agreement. The United States trustee shall appoint any such committee.(e)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the debtor in possession, or the trustee if one has been appointed under the provisions of this chapter (hereinafter in this section “trustee” shall include a debtor in possession), shall timely pay and shall not modify any retiree benefits, except that—(A) the court, on motion of the trustee or authorized representative, and after notice and a hearing, may order modification of such payments, pursuant to the provisions of subsections (g) and (h) of this section, or(B) the trustee and the authorized representative of the recipients of those benefits may agree to modification of such payments,after which such benefits as modified shall continue to be paid by the trustee.(2) Any payment for retiree benefits required to be made before a plan confirmed under section 1129 of this title is effective has the status of an allowed administrative expense as provided in section 503 of this title.(f)(1) Subsequent to filing a petition and prior to filing an application seeking modification of the retiree benefits, the trustee shall—(A) make a proposal to the authorized representative of the retirees, based on the most complete and reliable information available at the time of such proposal, which provides for those necessary modifications in the retiree benefits that are necessary to permit the reorganization of the debtor and assures that all creditors, the debtor and all of the affected parties are treated fairly and equitably; and(B) provide, subject to subsection (k)(3), the representative of the retirees with such relevant information as is necessary to evaluate the proposal.(2) During the period beginning on the date of the making of a proposal provided for in paragraph (1), and ending on the date of the hearing provided for in subsection (k)(1), the trustee shall meet, at reasonable times, with the authorized representative to confer in good faith in attempting to reach mutually satisfactory modifications of such retiree benefits.(g) The court shall enter an order providing for modification in the payment of retiree benefits if the court finds that—(1) the trustee has, prior to the hearing, made a proposal that fulfills the requirements of subsection (f);(2) the authorized representative of the retirees has refused to accept such proposal without good cause; and(3) such modification is necessary to permit the reorganization of the debtor and assures that all creditors, the debtor, and all of the affected parties are treated fairly and equitably, and is clearly favored by the balance of the equities;except that in no case shall the court enter an order providing for such modification which provides for a modification to a level lower than that proposed by the trustee in the proposal found by the court to have complied with the requirements of this subsection and subsection (f): Provided, however, That at any time after an order is entered providing for modification in the payment of retiree benefits, or at any time after an agreement modifying such benefits is made between the trustee and the authorized representative of the recipients of such benefits, the authorized representative may apply to the court for an order increasing those benefits which order shall be granted if the increase in retiree benefits sought is consistent with the standard set forth in paragraph (3): Provided further, That neither the trustee nor the authorized representative is precluded from making more than one motion for a modification order governed by this subsection.(h)(1) Prior to a court issuing a final order under subsection (g) of this section, if essential to the continuation of the debtor’s business, or in order to avoid irreparable damage to the estate, the court, after notice and a hearing, may authorize the trustee to implement interim modifications in retiree benefits.(2) Any hearing under this subsection shall be scheduled in accordance with the needs of the trustee.(3) The implementation of such interim changes does not render the motion for modification moot.(i) No retiree benefits paid between the filing of the petition and the time a plan confirmed under section 1129 of this title becomes effective shall be deducted or offset from the amounts allowed as claims for any benefits which remain unpaid, or from the amounts to be paid under the plan with respect to such claims for unpaid benefits, whether such claims for unpaid benefits are based upon or arise from a right to future unpaid benefits or from any benefits not paid as a result of modifications allowed pursuant to this section.(j) No claim for retiree benefits shall be limited by section 502(b)(7) of this title.(k)(1) Upon the filing of an application for modifying retiree benefits, the court shall schedule a hearing to be held not later than fourteen days after the date of the filing of such application. All interested parties may appear and be heard at such hearing. Adequate notice shall be provided to such parties at least ten days before the date of such hearing. The court may extend the time for the commencement of such hearing for a period not exceeding seven days where the circumstances of the case, and the interests of justice require such extension, or for additional periods of time to which the trustee and the authorized representative agree.(2) The court shall rule on such application for modification within ninety days after the date of the commencement of the hearing. In the interests of justice, the court may extend such time for ruling for such additional period as the trustee and the authorized representative may agree to. If the court does not rule on such application within ninety days after the date of the commencement of the hearing, or within such additional time as the trustee and the authorized representative may agree to, the trustee may implement the proposed modifications pending the ruling of the court on such application.(3) The court may enter such protective orders, consistent with the need of the authorized representative of the retirees to evaluate the trustee’s proposal and the application for modification, as may be necessary to prevent disclosure of information provided to such representative where such disclosure could compromise the position of the debtor with respect to its competitors in the industry in which it is engaged.(l) If the debtor, during the 180-day period ending on the date of the filing of the petition—(1) modified retiree benefits; and(2) was insolvent on the date such benefits were modified;the court, on motion of a party in interest, and after notice and a hearing, shall issue an order reinstating as of the date the modification was made, such benefits as in effect immediately before such date unless the court finds that the balance of the equities clearly favors such modification.(m) This section shall not apply to any retiree, or the spouse or dependents of such retiree, if such retiree’s gross income for the twelve months preceding the filing of the bankruptcy petition equals or exceeds $250,000, unless such retiree can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the court that he is unable to obtain health, medical, life, and disability coverage for himself, his spouse, and his dependents who would otherwise be covered by the employer’s insurance plan, comparable to the coverage provided by the employer on the day before the filing of a petition under this title.(Added Pub. L. 100–334, § 2(a), June 16, 1988, 102 Stat. 610; amended Pub. L. 109–8, title IV, § 447, title XIV, § 1403, Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 118, 215.)Editorial NotesAmendments

2005—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–8, § 447, substituted “order the appointment of” for “appoint” and inserted “The United States trustee shall appoint any such committee.” at end.

Subsecs. (l), (m). Pub. L. 109–8, § 1403, added subsec. (l) and redesignated former subsec. (l) as (m).

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 2005 Amendment

Amendment by section 1403 of Pub. L. 109–8 effective Apr. 20, 2005, and applicable only with respect to cases commenced under this title on or after Apr. 20, 2005, see section 1406 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 507 of this title.

Amendment by section 447 of Pub. L. 109–8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–334, § 4, June 16, 1988, 102 Stat. 615, provided that:“(a)General Effective Date.—Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act and the amendments made by this Act [enacting this section, amending section 1129 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 101 of this title, and amending and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 1106 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [June 16, 1988].“(b)Application of Amendments.—The amendments made by section 2 [enacting this section and amending section 1129 of this title] shall not apply with respect to cases commenced under title 11 of the United States Code before the date of the enactment of this Act [June 16, 1988].”

Payment of Certain Benefits to Retired Former Employees

For payment of benefits by bankruptcy trustee to retired employees in enumerated circumstances with respect to cases commenced under this chapter in which a plan for reorganization had not been confirmed by the court and in which any such benefit was still being paid on October 2, 1986, and in cases that became subject to this chapter after October 2, 1986, and before June 16, 1988, see section 101(b) [title VI, § 608] of Pub. L. 99–500, and Pub. L. 99–591, as amended, set out as a note under section 1106 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 100 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1988–2022 · leading case: United Mine Works of Am. Combined Benefit Fund v. Andre M. Toffel, for Walter Energy, Inc. (In re Walter Energy, Inc.), 911 F.3d 1121 (11th Cir. 2018).
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United Mine Works of Am. Combined Benefit Fund v. Andre M. Toffel, for Walter Energy, Inc. (In re Walter Energy, Inc.), 911 F.3d 1121 (11th Cir. 2018). · cites it 14× “11 U.S.C. § 1114 (e)(1). But the RBBPA permits these obligations to be modified either by an agreement between the debtor and an authorized representative of retirees receiving benefits or by order of the bankruptcy court.”
IUE-CWA v. Visteon Corp. (In Re Visteon Corp.), 612 F.3d 210 (3rd Cir. 2010). · cites it 23× “f America (“IUE-CWA” or “the union”), as the representative of approximately 2,100 retirees from Visteon Corporation’s manufacturing plants in Connersville and Bedford, Indiana, appeals the district court’s order, affirming the bankruptcy court’s order permitting Vis-teon to…”
Roy G. Nelson, Clarence Alsip, Charles Andrews v. John Stewart, Donald R. Say, & United Steelworkers of Am., Local Union 12213, 422 F.3d 463 (7th Cir. 2005). · cites it 10× “11 U.S.C. § 1114 (c)(1). The district court perceived no real difference between the Union’s role as the retirees’ statutory representative in this case and a union’s duty of fair representation when it acts as the exclusive representative of its bargaining unit members in…”
Gen. DataComm Indus., Inc. v. Arcara, 407 F.3d 616 (3rd Cir. 2005). · cites it 10× “and its affiliates (“DataComm”) — were “retired employees” within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 1114 and were therefore entitled to their retiree benefits.”
In re Alpha Nat. Resources, Inc., 552 B.R. 314 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 2016). · cites it 14× “§ 1113 (b)(1)(A) (requiring a debtor to prove that the rejection of a CBA is “necessary to permit the reorganization of the debtor”); 11 U.S.C. § 1114 (g) (allowing the modification of retiree benefits when “such modification is necessary to permit the reorganization of the…”
In Re Farmland Indus., Inc., 294 B.R. 903 (Bankr. W.D. Mo. 2003). · cites it 13× “The requests raise an issue of first impression for the Court — whether a Chapter 11 debtor's proposed termination of retiree benefits must comply with the procedures and requirements of 11 U.S.C. § 1114 when the debtor has an absolute right under the pre-bankruptcy plan…”
In Re New York Trap Rock Corp., 126 B.R. 19 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1991). · cites it 20× “Significantly, the debtors contend that 11 U.S.C. § 1114 does not apply because; (1) the contracts providing for the medical benefits do not constitute a “plan” within the meaning of § 1114; (2) the respondents do not come within the scope of § 1114; (3) § 1114 is not intended…”
In Re Ionosphere Clubs, Inc., 134 B.R. 515 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1991). · cites it 10× “BACKGROUND Before the Court is a motion brought by the Official Retiree Committee (“Retiree Committee”) appointed pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 1114 (b)(2) seeking a declaration that 11 U.”
In re Avaya Inc., 573 B.R. 93 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2017). · cites it 8× “Clark seeks a determination that these payments are “retiree benefits” within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 1114 . {Marlene Clark’s Motion for Order Determining Survivorship Benefits Under Supplemental Plan Are “Retiree Benefits” Under Bankruptcy Code Section 1114(a), Compelling…”
Off. Comm. of Unsecured Creditors of Tower Auto. v. Debtors, 241 F.R.D. 162 (S.D.N.Y. 2006). · cites it 9× “§ 1113 and to modify retiree benefits pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 1114 of the Bankruptcy Code (the “§ 1113/1114 Motion”).”
In Re North Am. Royalties, Inc., 276 B.R. 860 (Bankr. E.D. Tenn. 2002). · cites it 8× “11 U.S.C. § 1114 . NAR contends that it can terminate the retiree benefits for both the hourly and the salaried beneficiaries without meeting the requirements of § 1114.”
In Re Certified Air Tech., Inc., 300 B.R. 355 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 2003). · cites it 8× “11 U.S.C. § 1114 (e)(1). Prior to seeking modification by the court, a trustee or debtor-in-possession must attempt to negotiate the terms of a mutually-acceptable modification with the “authorized representative” of the retiree benefit recipients.”
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— 11 U.S.C. § 1114(Z) — 1 case
IUE-CWA v. Visteon Corp. (In Re Visteon Corp.), 612 F.3d 210 (3rd Cir. 2010). “f America (“IUE-CWA” or “the union”), as the representative of approximately 2,100 retirees from Visteon Corporation’s manufacturing plants in Connersville and Bedford, Indiana, appeals the district court’s order, affirming the bankruptcy court’s order permitting Vis-teon to…”
— 11 U.S.C. § 1114(c)(2) — 1 case
Hourly Employees/Retirees of Debtor v. Erie Forge & Steel Inc. (In Re Erie Forge & Steel, Inc.), 418 F.3d 270 (3rd Cir. 2005).
— 11 U.S.C. § 1114(e)(1)(B) — 2 cases
In Re Henke, 90 B.R. 451 (Bankr. D. Mont. 1988).
In Re Turner Eng'g, Inc., 109 B.R. 956 (Bankr. D. Mont. 1989).
— 11 U.S.C. § 1114(g) — 1 case
Off. Comm. of Unsecured Creditors of Tower Auto. v. Debtors, 241 F.R.D. 162 (S.D.N.Y. 2006). “§ 1113 and to modify retiree benefits pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 1114 of the Bankruptcy Code (the “§ 1113/1114 Motion”).”
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