15 U.S.C. § 1692e

False or misleading representations

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A debt collector may not use any false, deceptive, or misleading representation or means in connection with the collection of any debt. Without limiting the general application of the foregoing, the following conduct is a violation of this section:(1) The false representation or implication that the debt collector is vouched for, bonded by, or affiliated with the United States or any State, including the use of any badge, uniform, or facsimile thereof.(2) The false representation of—(A) the character, amount, or legal status of any debt; or(B) any services rendered or compensation which may be lawfully received by any debt collector for the collection of a debt.(3) The false representation or implication that any individual is an attorney or that any communication is from an attorney.(4) The representation or implication that nonpayment of any debt will result in the arrest or imprisonment of any person or the seizure, garnishment, attachment, or sale of any property or wages of any person unless such action is lawful and the debt collector or creditor intends to take such action.(5) The threat to take any action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken.(6) The false representation or implication that a sale, referral, or other transfer of any interest in a debt shall cause the consumer to—(A) lose any claim or defense to payment of the debt; or(B) become subject to any practice prohibited by this subchapter.(7) The false representation or implication that the consumer committed any crime or other conduct in order to disgrace the consumer.(8) Communicating or threatening to communicate to any person credit information which is known or which should be known to be false, including the failure to communicate that a disputed debt is disputed.(9) The use or distribution of any written communication which simulates or is falsely represented to be a document authorized, issued, or approved by any court, official, or agency of the United States or any State, or which creates a false impression as to its source, authorization, or approval.(10) The use of any false representation or deceptive means to collect or attempt to collect any debt or to obtain information concerning a consumer.(11) The failure to disclose in the initial written communication with the consumer and, in addition, if the initial communication with the consumer is oral, in that initial oral communication, that the debt collector is attempting to collect a debt and that any information obtained will be used for that purpose, and the failure to disclose in subsequent communications that the communication is from a debt collector, except that this paragraph shall not apply to a formal pleading made in connection with a legal action.(12) The false representation or implication that accounts have been turned over to innocent purchasers for value.(13) The false representation or implication that documents are legal process.(14) The use of any business, company, or organization name other than the true name of the debt collector’s business, company, or organization.(15) The false representation or implication that documents are not legal process forms or do not require action by the consumer.(16) The false representation or implication that a debt collector operates or is employed by a consumer reporting agency as defined by section 1681a(f) of this title.(Pub. L. 90–321, title VIII, § 807, as added Pub. L. 95–109, Sept. 20, 1977, 91 Stat. 877; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2305(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–425.)Editorial NotesAmendments

1996—Par. (11). Pub. L. 104–208 amended par. (11) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (11) read as follows: “Except as otherwise provided for communications to acquire location information under section 1692b of this title, the failure to disclose clearly in all communications made to collect a debt or to obtain information about a consumer, that the debt collector is attempting to collect a debt and that any information obtained will be used for that purpose.”

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2305(b), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–425, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996] and shall apply to all communications made after that date of enactment.”

Effective Date

Section effective upon the expiration of six months after Sept. 20, 1977, see section 819 of Pub. L. 90–321, as added by Pub. L. 95–109, set out as a note under section 1692 of this title.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 3,311 cases (1,059 in the last 5 years), 1980–2026 · leading case: Michelle Tatis v. Allied Interstate LLC, 882 F.3d 422 (3rd Cir. 2018).

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Michelle Tatis v. Allied Interstate LLC, 882 F.3d 422 (3rd Cir. 2018). · cites it 7× “" 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. We hold that it could.”

Lesher v. Law Offices of Mitchell N. Kay, PC, 650 F.3d 993 (3rd Cir. 2011). · cites it 18× “In the complaint, Lesher alleged that the letters violated, inter alia, section 1692e of the FDCPA, 15 U.S.C. § 1692e (1996), by misleading him to believe that an attorney was involved in collecting his debt, and that the attorney could, and would, take legal action against him.”

Gonzales v. Arrow Fin. Servs., LLC, 660 F.3d 1055 (9th Cir. 2011). · cites it 12× “in connection with the collection of any debt" in violation of the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("FDCPA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. It also appeals a jury's award, after trial, of statutory damages under both the FDCPA and California's Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection…”

Wendelyn Harvey v. Great Seneca Fin. Corp., 453 F.3d 324 (6th Cir. 2006). · cites it 11× “Harvey never denied in her complaint that she owed Seneca a debt, nor did she claim that Seneca and Javitch misstated or misrepresented the amount that she owed. Her allegations against Seneca and Javitch therefore do not allege that Seneca and Javitch made “false…”

Karun N. Jackson v. Specialized Loan Servicing LLC, 898 F.3d 1348 (11th Cir. 2018). · cites it 5× “SLS violated the FDCPA, 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2), by misrepresenting the character, amount and legal status of the Plaintiffs' debt.”

Barany-Snyder v. Weiner, 539 F.3d 327 (6th Cir. 2008). · cites it 10× “” 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. Specifically at issue here are § 1692e(5), which proscribes “[t]he threat to take any action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken,” and § 1692e(10), which similarly prohibits “[t]he use of any false representation or deceptive…”

Guerrero v. Rjm Acquisitions LLC, 499 F.3d 926 (9th Cir. 2007). · cites it 12× “at 129, but the panel first addressed the underlying merits of the plaintiff's claim. The court expressed its "grave reservations about concluding that this sort of claim is actionable under the FDCPA.”

Gionis v. Javitch, Block & Rathbone, 405 F. Supp. 2d 856 (S.D. Ohio 2005). · cites it 27× “” 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. The question in this case is whether Defendant engaged in deceptive or misleading debt collection practices by attaching Vick’s affidavit to the complaint.”

Thomas v. John A. Youderian Jr., LLC, 232 F. Supp. 3d 656 (D.N.J. 2017). · cites it 13× “Thomas contends the Convenience Fee is neither authorized by contract nor permitted by law, and therefore the Letter contains false, deceptive, and misleading language, violating provisions of the Fair Debt Collections Practice Act (the “FDCPA”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692e, 1692f, and…”

O'Rourke v. Palisades Acquisition Xvi, LLC, 635 F.3d 938 (7th Cir. 2011). · cites it 14× “" 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. It then has a non-exhaustive list of conduct that violates the Act.”

David Tourgeman v. Collins Fin. Servs., 755 F.3d 1109 (9th Cir. 2014). · cites it 12× “This appeal resolves the essential legal question that underlies Tourgeman’s and the class’s claims under one section of the FDCPA, 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. For ease of reference, we refer only to plaintiff Tourgeman rather than to the class.”

Cohen v. Rosicki, Rosicki & Assocs., P.C., 897 F.3d 75 (2d Cir. 2018). · cites it 5× “Specifically, Cohen alleges that the defendants violated 15 U.S.C. § 1692e, which prohibits false, deceptive, or misleading representations made in connection with collecting a debt, and 15 U.”

Show all 3,311 citing cases →

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(1) — 18 cases

Nedzad Miljkovic v. Shafritz & Dinkin, P.A., 791 F.3d 1291 (11th Cir. 2015).

McDermott v. Marcus, Errico, Emmer & Brooks, P.C., 911 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D. Mass. 2012).

Riley v. Giguiere, 631 F. Supp. 2d 1295 (E.D. Cal. 2009).

Rosa v. Mandarich Law Grp. LLP (S.D.N.Y. 2023).

Bellini v. Patenaude & Felix APC (D. Ariz. 2023).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(10) — 451 cases

Wendelyn Harvey v. Great Seneca Fin. Corp., 453 F.3d 324 (6th Cir. 2006). “Harvey never denied in her complaint that she owed Seneca a debt, nor did she claim that Seneca and Javitch misstated or misrepresented the amount that she owed. Her allegations against Seneca and Javitch therefore do not allege that Seneca and Javitch made “false…”

Jacobson v. Bayview Loan Servicing, LLC, 2016 MT 101 (Mont. 2016).

Young v. Npas, Inc., 361 F. Supp. 3d 1171 (D. Utah 2019).

Richard Leonard v. Zwicker & Assocs., P.C., 713 F. App'x 879 (11th Cir. 2017).

Laura Kropelnicki, Plaintiff-Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Hal Siegel, Linda Strumpf, Defendants-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, 290 F.3d 118 (2d Cir. 2002).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(11) — 160 cases

James Hagy v. Demers & Adams, 882 F.3d 616 (6th Cir. 2018).

Guerrero v. Rjm Acquisitions LLC, 499 F.3d 926 (9th Cir. 2007). “at 129, but the panel first addressed the underlying merits of the plaintiff's claim. The court expressed its "grave reservations about concluding that this sort of claim is actionable under the FDCPA.”

Carl Ward v. Nat'l Patient Account Servs., 9 F.4th 357 (6th Cir. 2021).

Taylor v. First Resolution Invest. Corp. (Slip Opinion), 2016 Ohio 3444 (Ohio 2016).

Beane v. RPW Legal Servs., PLLC, 378 F. Supp. 3d 948 (W.D. Wash. 2019).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(12) — 8 cases

Trevino v. HSBC Mortg. Servs., Inc. (In re Trevino), 535 B.R. 110 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2015).

Heritage Pac. Fin. v. Monroy CA1/2, 215 Cal. App. 4th 972 (Cal. Ct. App. 2013).

Trevino v. Caliber Home Loans, Inc. (In re Trevino), 564 B.R. 890 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2017).

Trevino v. HSBC Mortg. Servs., Inc. (In re Trevino), 533 B.R. 176 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2015).

Smith v. Encore Capital Grp. Inc., 966 F. Supp. 2d 817 (E.D. Wis. 2013).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(13) — 11 cases

Shapiro v. Haenn, 222 F. Supp. 2d 29 (D. Me. 2002).

Reyes v. Kenosian & Miele, LLP, 619 F. Supp. 2d 796 (N.D. Cal. 2008).

North Star Capital Acquisitions, LLC v. Krig, 611 F. Supp. 2d 1324 (M.D. Fla. 2009).

Tolentino v. Friedman, 833 F. Supp. 697 (N.D. Ill. 1993).

Murray v. Revenue Mgmt. Corp. (In re Murray), 552 B.R. 1 (Bankr. D. Mass. 2016).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(14) — 49 cases

Gonzalez v. Kay, 577 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2009).

John Pinson v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, Nat'l Ass'n, 942 F.3d 1200 (11th Cir. 2019).

Elaine Levins v. Healthcare Revenue Recovery Gr, 902 F.3d 274 (3rd Cir. 2018).

Pamela Gillie v. Law Off. of Eric A. Jones, 785 F.3d 1091 (6th Cir. 2015).

Peter v. GC Servs. L.P., 310 F.3d 344 (5th Cir. 2002).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(15) — 1 case

Garcia-Contreras v. Brock & Scott, Pllc, 775 F. Supp. 2d 808 (M.D.N.C. 2011).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(16) — 10 cases

Sokolski v. Trans Union Corp., 53 F. Supp. 2d 307 (E.D.N.Y 1999).

Lori Pettit v. Retrieval Masters Creditors Bureau, Inc., & Russell Fuchs, 211 F.3d 1057 (7th Cir. 2000).

Crystal Davis v. Credit Bureau of the South, 908 F.3d 972 (5th Cir. 2018).

Guidry v. Clare, 442 F. Supp. 2d 282 (E.D. Va. 2006).

Pettit v. Retrieval Masters Creditors Bureau, Inc., 42 F. Supp. 2d 797 (N.D. Ill. 1999).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2) — 236 cases

Castellanos v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs., LLC, 297 F. Supp. 3d 1301 (S.D. Fla. 2017).

O'Rourke v. Palisades Acquisition Xvi, LLC, 635 F.3d 938 (7th Cir. 2011). “" 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. It then has a non-exhaustive list of conduct that violates the Act.”

Karun N. Jackson v. Specialized Loan Servicing LLC, 898 F.3d 1348 (11th Cir. 2018). “SLS violated the FDCPA, 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2), by misrepresenting the character, amount and legal status of the Plaintiffs' debt.”

Quinteros v. MBI Assocs., Inc., 999 F. Supp. 2d 434 (E.D.N.Y 2014).

Barany-Snyder v. Weiner, 539 F.3d 327 (6th Cir. 2008). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. Specifically at issue here are § 1692e(5), which proscribes “[t]he threat to take any action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken,” and § 1692e(10), which similarly prohibits “[t]he use of any false representation or deceptive…”

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2)(A) — 531 cases

Michelle Tatis v. Allied Interstate LLC, 882 F.3d 422 (3rd Cir. 2018). “" 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. We hold that it could.”

Todd Bates v. Green Farms Condo. Ass'n, 958 F.3d 470 (6th Cir. 2020).

Bodur v. Palisades Collection, LLC, 829 F. Supp. 2d 246 (S.D.N.Y. 2011).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2)(A)(B) — 1 case

Glazer v. Chase Home Fin. LLC (N.D. Ohio 2019).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2)(B) — 26 cases

Thomas v. John A. Youderian Jr., LLC, 232 F. Supp. 3d 656 (D.N.J. 2017). “Thomas contends the Convenience Fee is neither authorized by contract nor permitted by law, and therefore the Letter contains false, deceptive, and misleading language, violating provisions of the Fair Debt Collections Practice Act (the “FDCPA”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692e, 1692f, and…”

Owen v. I.C. Sys., Inc., 629 F.3d 1263 (11th Cir. 2011).

Gionis v. Javitch, Block & Rathbone, 405 F. Supp. 2d 856 (S.D. Ohio 2005). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. The question in this case is whether Defendant engaged in deceptive or misleading debt collection practices by attaching Vick’s affidavit to the complaint.”

Sayyed v. Wolpoff & Abramson, LLP, 733 F. Supp. 2d 635 (D. Maryland 2010).

Foster v. D.B.S. Collection Agency, 463 F. Supp. 2d 783 (S.D. Ohio 2006).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2)(a) — 28 cases

Williams v. Edelman, 408 F. Supp. 2d 1261 (S.D. Fla. 2005).

Simien v. Unifund CCR Partners, 321 S.W.3d 235 (Tex. App. 2010).

Gonzalez v. Cullimore, 2018 UT 9 (Utah 2018).

Burdick v. Bank of Am., N.A., 99 F. Supp. 3d 1372 (S.D. Ind. 2015).

Boedicker v. Midland Credit Mgmt., Inc., 227 F. Supp. 3d 1235 (D. Kan. 2016).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2)(b) — 1 case

Hamilton (E.D. Va. 2025).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(2a) — 1 case

Murray v. Capio Partners (W.D. Pa. 2023).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(3) — 115 cases

David Tourgeman v. Collins Fin. Servs., 755 F.3d 1109 (9th Cir. 2014). “This appeal resolves the essential legal question that underlies Tourgeman’s and the class’s claims under one section of the FDCPA, 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. For ease of reference, we refer only to plaintiff Tourgeman rather than to the class.”

Rosenau v. Unifund Corp., 539 F.3d 218 (3rd Cir. 2008).

Vincent v. The Money Store, 736 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 2013).

Gustav Buchholz v. Meyer Njus Tanick, PA, 946 F.3d 855 (6th Cir. 2020).

Kistner v. Law Offices of Michael P. Margelefsky, LLC, 518 F.3d 433 (6th Cir. 2008).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(4) — 53 cases

Ca Partners v. Spears, 274 S.W.3d 51 (Tex. App. 2008).

Lensch v. Armada Corp., 795 F. Supp. 2d 1180 (W.D. Wash. 2011).

Alaska Tr., LLC v. Ambridge, 372 P.3d 207 (Alaska 2016).

Eades v. Kennedy, PC Law Offices, 799 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. 2015).

Arteaga v. Asset Acceptance, LLC, 733 F. Supp. 2d 1218 (E.D. Cal. 2010).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(5) — 466 cases

LeBlanc v. Unifund CCR Partners, 601 F.3d 1185 (11th Cir. 2010).

Ademiluyi v. Pennymac Mortg. Inv. Trust Holdings I, LLC, 929 F. Supp. 2d 502 (D. Maryland 2013).

James A. Swanson, Plaintiff-Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. S. Oregon Credit Serv., Inc., Defendant-Appellee-Cross-Appellant, 869 F.2d 1222 (9th Cir. 1989).

Bradshaw v. Hilco Receivables, LLC, 765 F. Supp. 2d 719 (D. Maryland 2011).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(6) — 2 cases

Anderson v. Credit Collection Servs., Inc., 322 F. Supp. 2d 1094 (S.D. Cal. 2004).

Flowers v. Naiman (D. Maryland 2019).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(6)(A) — 2 cases

Sutton v. Associated Credit Servs., Inc. (E.D.N.Y 2020).

Christensen v. Johnson Smith & Assocs. (D. Utah 2021).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(6)(f)(iii) — 1 case

Mathieson v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (M.D. Fla. 2021).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(7) — 17 cases

April McMillan v. Collection Professionals, Inc., an Illinois Corp., 455 F.3d 754 (7th Cir. 2006).

Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Check Investors, Inc., 502 F.3d 159 (3rd Cir. 2007).

Lensch v. Armada Corp., 795 F. Supp. 2d 1180 (W.D. Wash. 2011).

Bingham v. Collection Bureau, Inc., 505 F. Supp. 864 (D.N.D. 1981).

Jordan v. Kent Recovery Servs., Inc., 731 F. Supp. 652 (D. Del. 1990).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(8) — 245 cases

Evans v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs., LLC, 889 F.3d 337 (7th Cir. 2018).

Ronald Sayles v. Advanced Recovery Sys., Inc, 865 F.3d 246 (5th Cir. 2017).

Sarah McIvor v. Credit Control Servs., Inc., 773 F.3d 909 (8th Cir. 2014).

Daley v. a & S Collection Assocs., Inc., 717 F. Supp. 2d 1150 (D. Or. 2010).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(9) — 33 cases

Campuzano-Burgos v. Midland Credit Mgmt.., Inc., 550 F.3d 294 (3rd Cir. 2008).

Pamela Gillie v. Law Off. of Eric A. Jones, 785 F.3d 1091 (6th Cir. 2015).

Gaetano v. Payco of Wisconsin, Inc., 774 F. Supp. 1404 (D. Conn. 1990).

Sokolski v. Trans Union Corp., 53 F. Supp. 2d 307 (E.D.N.Y 1999).

Zimmerman v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs., LLC, 276 F.R.D. 174 (S.D.N.Y. 2011).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(A) — 2 cases

Purnell v. Arrow Fin. Servs., LLC., 303 F. App'x 297 (6th Cir. 2008).

Martinez (E.D. Cal. 2025).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(A)(2) — 3 cases

Dale Kaymark v. Bank of Am. NA, 783 F.3d 168 (3rd Cir. 2015).

Hammett v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs. LLC (E.D. Ark. 2022).

Napoleon v. Shows, Cali & Walsh, LLP (E.D. La. 2022).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(U) — 1 case

Whittiker v. Deutsche Bank Nat'l Trust Co., 605 F. Supp. 2d 914 (N.D. Ohio 2009).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(a) — 4 cases

Hulse v. Ocwen Fed. Bank, FSB, 195 F. Supp. 2d 1188 (D. Or. 2002).

Llewellyn v. Shearson Fin. Network, Inc., 622 F. Supp. 2d 1062 (D. Colo. 2009).

Jones v. Midland Funding, LLC, 616 F. Supp. 2d 224 (D. Conn. 2009).

Richmond v. Medicredit, Inc. (W.D.N.C. 2022).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(a)(2) — 10 cases

Jeanette Randolph v. Imbs, Inc., Cheryl Alexander v. Unlimited Progress Corp., Cross-Appellee. Jennifer J. Cross v. Risk Mgmt. Alternatives, Inc., 368 F.3d 726 (7th Cir. 2004).

Warren v. Sessoms & Rogers, P.A., 676 F.3d 365 (4th Cir. 2012).

Bassett v. I.C. Sys., Inc., 715 F. Supp. 2d 803 (N.D. Ill. 2010).

Jeffrey Vilinsky v. Phelan Hallinan & Diamond PC, 640 F. App'x 139 (3rd Cir. 2016).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(a)(4) — 1 case

Bourlas v. Davis Law Assocs., 237 F.R.D. 345 (E.D.N.Y 2006).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(a)(l) — 4 cases

Rush v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs. LLC, 977 F. Supp. 2d 414 (D.N.J. 2013).

Diaz v. D.L. Recovery Corp., 486 F. Supp. 2d 474 (E.D. Pa. 2007).

Austin v. Great Lakes Collection Bureau, Inc., 834 F. Supp. 557 (D. Conn. 1993).

Wan v. Com. Recovery Sys., Inc., 369 F. Supp. 2d 1158 (N.D. Cal. 2005).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(b) — 12 cases

Doyle v. Midland Credit Mgmt., Inc., 722 F.3d 78 (2d Cir. 2013).

Edwards v. Niagara Credit Solutions, Inc., 584 F.3d 1350 (11th Cir. 2009).

Marisco v. NCO Fin. Sys., Inc., 946 F. Supp. 2d 287 (E.D.N.Y 2013).

William Brown, III v. Van Ru Credit Corp., 804 F.3d 740 (6th Cir. 2015).

Wheeler v. Premiere Credit of North Am., LLC, 80 F. Supp. 3d 1108 (S.D. Cal. 2015).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(b)(8) — 1 case

Coleman v. Lakeview Loan Servicing, LLC (D. Minnesota 2020).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(c) — 10 cases

Gager v. Dell Fin. Servs., LLC, 727 F.3d 265 (3rd Cir. 2013).

Fredy D. Osorio v. State Farm Bank, F.S.B., 746 F.3d 1242 (11th Cir. 2014).

Gary Smith v. Transworld Sys., Inc., 953 F.2d 1025 (6th Cir. 1992).

Carrigan v. Cent. Adjustment Bureau, Inc., 502 F. Supp. 468 (N.D. Ga. 1980).

Isham v. Gurstel, Staloch & Chargo, P.A., 738 F. Supp. 2d 986 (D. Ariz. 2010).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(c)(2) — 1 case

Lewis v. ACB Bus. Servs., Inc., 911 F. Supp. 290 (S.D. Ohio 1996).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(c)(3) — 1 case

Alaska Tr., LLC v. Ambridge, 372 P.3d 207 (Alaska 2016).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(c)(l) — 1 case

Gary Smith v. Transworld Sys., Inc., 953 F.2d 1025 (6th Cir. 1992).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(d) — 2 cases

Hagen v. Messerli & Kramer, P.A., 85 F. Supp. 3d 1028 (D. Minnesota 2015).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(e) — 1 case

Szczurek v. Prof'l Mgmt., Inc., 59 F. Supp. 3d 721 (E.D. Pa. 2014).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(f)(2) — 2 cases

Ballard v. Equifax Check Servs., Inc., 186 F.R.D. 589 (E.D. Cal. 1999).

Ballard v. Equifax Check Servs., Inc., 158 F. Supp. 2d 1163 (E.D. Cal. 2001).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(l) — 25 cases

Gary Smith v. Transworld Sys., Inc., 953 F.2d 1025 (6th Cir. 1992).

Praileau v. Fischer, 930 F. Supp. 2d 383 (N.D.N.Y. 2013).

Gaetano v. Payco of Wisconsin, Inc., 774 F. Supp. 1404 (D. Conn. 1990).

Peter v. GC Servs. L.P., 310 F.3d 344 (5th Cir. 2002).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(l)(4) — 1 case

Praileau v. Fischer, 930 F. Supp. 2d 383 (N.D.N.Y. 2013).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(l)(A) — 1 case

Magrin v. Unifund CCR Partners, Inc., 52 F. App'x 938 (9th Cir. 2002).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(l0) — 2 cases

Hill v. Burgeon Legal Grp., Ltd. Co (D.N.J. 2020).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(li) — 1 case

Townsend v. Quantum3 Grp., LLC, 535 B.R. 415 (M.D. Fla. 2015).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(ll) — 197 cases

Edwards v. Niagara Credit Solutions, Inc., 586 F. Supp. 2d 1346 (N.D. Ga. 2008).

Foti v. NCO Fin. Sys., Inc., 424 F. Supp. 2d 643 (S.D.N.Y. 2006).

Simon v. FIA Card Servs., N.A., 732 F.3d 259 (3rd Cir. 2013).

William C. Lewis v. Acb Bus. Servs., Inc., (96-3093/3498), Am. Express Travel Related Servs. Co., Inc. James P. Connors, (96-3498), 135 F.3d 389 (6th Cir. 1998).

Durthaler v. Accounts Receivable Mgmt., Inc., 854 F. Supp. 2d 485 (S.D. Ohio 2012).

— 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(lp) — 1 case

Lensch v. Armada Corp., 795 F. Supp. 2d 1180 (W.D. Wash. 2011).

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