18 U.S.C. § 1583

Enticement into slavery

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(a) Whoever—(1) kidnaps or carries away any other person, with the intent that such other person be sold into involuntary servitude, or held as a slave;(2) entices, persuades, or induces any other person to go on board any vessel or to any other place with the intent that he or she may be made or held as a slave, or sent out of the country to be so made or held; or(3) obstructs, or attempts to obstruct, or in any way interferes with or prevents the enforcement of this section,shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.(b) Whoever violates this section shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both if—(1) the violation results in the death of the victim; or(2) the violation includes kidnaping, an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse, an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title II, § 218(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–573; Pub. L. 106–386, div. A, § 112(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1486; Pub. L. 110–457, title II, § 222(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5067; Pub. L. 115–392, § 11(1)(A), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5255.)Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 443 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 268, 35 Stat. 1141).

Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title.

Minor changes were made in paragraphing of section.

Editorial NotesAmendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–392 substituted “not more than 30 years” for “not more than 20 years” in concluding provisions.

2008—Pub. L. 110–457 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section provided penalties for kidnapping or enticement of a person with intent to sell or hold such person as a slave.

2000—Pub. L. 106–386, in last par., substituted “20 years” for “10 years” and inserted at end “If death results from the violation of this section, or if the violation includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or the attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both.”

1996—Pub. L. 104–208 substituted “10 years” for “five years” in last par.

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000” in last par.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 applicable with respect to offenses occurring on or after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 218(d) of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1581 of this title.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 31 cases (17 in the last 5 years), 1977–2026 · leading case: Bistline v. Parker, 918 F.3d 849 (10th Cir. 2019).

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Bistline v. Parker, 918 F.3d 849 (10th Cir. 2019). · cites it 4× “9 Plaintiffs also allege they were subjected to violations of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1583 and 1591, which prohibit involuntary servitude and sex trafficking.”

Turner v. Unification Church, 473 F. Supp. 367 (D.R.I. 1978). · cites it 5× “§ 1581 ), involuntary servitude ( 18 U.S.C. § 1583 ), and the criminal enforcement provisions of the Internal Revenue Code ( 26 U.”

United States v. Tony Booker, United States of Am. v. J. D. Rollins, 655 F.2d 562 (4th Cir. 1981). · cites it 3× “Rollins and Tony Gibson were convicted by a jury of kidnapping and carrying away two persons with the intent to hold them as slaves in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1583 and 2 (1976). Booker and Rollins appeal, questioning the legal sufficiency of the evidence to convict them under…”

McLaughlin v. CitiMortgage, Inc., 726 F. Supp. 2d 201 (D. Conn. 2010). “Ade Bey once more invokes the UCC, and also alleges fraudulent inducement; “unnecessary harassment”; “torture”; “Enticement to Slavery,” in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1583 ; and a violation of 18 U.”

Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. Fed. Election Comm'n, 466 F. Supp. 2d 195 (D.D.C. 2006). · cites it 2× “§ 1033 (a)(1) (false statement with intent to deceive insurance regulator); 18 U.S.C. § 1583 (persuading another to go to another place with intent to make him a slave); 18 U.”

United States v. Warren, 772 F.2d 827 (11th Cir. 1985). · cites it 3× “§ 371 (1982) 4 to violate 18 U.S.C. § 1583 (1982), 5 which prohibits enticing persons to go to a place while intending that *833 the persons would then be held as slaves, and 18 U.”

Schuppin v. Unification Church, 435 F. Supp. 603 (D. Vt. 1977). “Count II Tamara Schuppin has been enticed into compulsory service in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1583 . Count III Tamara Schuppin has been mentally restrained from terminating her employment in.”

United States v. Harris, 701 F.2d 1095 (4th Cir. 1983). · cites it 2× “While we have never considered the question of what conduct amounts to a holding for involuntary servitude under § 1584, we recently dealt with the definition of “involuntary servitude” under 18 U.S.C. § 1583 . In United States v. Booker, 655 F.”

United States v. Mussry, 726 F.2d 1448 (9th Cir. 1984). · cites it 2× “The district court also refused to dismiss one count alleging a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1583 . That count alleged that the defendants kept one worker in their custody while in Indonesia and tricked him into boarding an airplane flying to the United States.”

United States v. Ennis, 468 F. Supp. 2d 228 (D. Mass. 2006). “§ 2251 ; enticement into slavery, 18 U.S.C. § 1583 ; terrorism, 18 U.S.C. § 2322 ; torture, 18 U.”

Doe v. Unocal Corp., 395 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2002). · cites it 2× “The inclusion of forced labor in the definition of the term “slavery” is not confined to the Thirteenth Amendment but extends, for example, to 18 U.S.C. § 1583 . 18 U.S.C. § 1583 was introduced in 1866 to prevent the kidnaping of former slaves to countries which still permitted…”

Herndon Ex Rel. Herndon v. Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Bd. of Educ., 899 F. Supp. 1443 (M.D.N.C. 1995). “§ 1583 (a companion statute to § 1584) for kidnapping another person with the intent to hold them as a slave because the defendants’ threats “of violence or confinement, backed sufficiently by deeds as in this ease, sufficefd] to subjugate human beings to the will of another in…”

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