U.S. Code » Title 18 » Part PART I— CRIMES › Chapter CHAPTER 25— COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY

18 U.S.C. § 514

Fictitious obligations

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(a) Whoever, with the intent to defraud—(1) draws, prints, processes, produces, publishes, or otherwise makes, or attempts or causes the same, within the United States;(2) passes, utters, presents, offers, brokers, issues, sells, or attempts or causes the same, or with like intent possesses, within the United States; or(3) utilizes interstate or foreign commerce, including the use of the mails or wire, radio, or other electronic communication, to transmit, transport, ship, move, transfer, or attempts or causes the same, to, from, or through the United States,any false or fictitious instrument, document, or other item appearing, representing, purporting, or contriving through scheme or artifice, to be an actual security or other financial instrument issued under the authority of the United States, a foreign government, a State or other political subdivision of the United States, or an organization, shall be guilty of a class B felony.(b) For purposes of this section, any term used in this section that is defined in section 513(c) has the same meaning given such term in section 513(c).(c) The United States Secret Service, in addition to any other agency having such authority, shall have authority to investigate offenses under this section.(Added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title VI, § 648(b)(1)], title II, § 2603(b)(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–367, 3009–470.)Editorial NotesCodification

Sections 101(f) [title VI, § 648(b)(1)] and 2603(b)(1) of div. A of Pub. L. 104–208 added identical sections 514.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date

Section effective Sept. 30, 1996, and to remain in effect for each fiscal year following Sept. 30, 1996, see section 101(f) [title VI, § 648(c)] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 474 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 112 cases (12 in the last 5 years), 1990–2026 · leading case: United States v. Dennis Gray Williams, 790 F.3d 1240 (11th Cir. 2015).
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United States v. Dennis Gray Williams, 790 F.3d 1240 (11th Cir. 2015). · cites it 12× “Introduction Dennis Gray Williams (“Williams”) appeals his convictions under a seven-count indictment for the passing of “false or fictitious” instruments (Counts 1-5), in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a); the use of an unauthorized “access device” (Count 6), in violation of 18…”
United States of Am. v. Marvin L. Pullman, Also Known as Dick Pullman, 187 F.3d 816 (8th Cir. 1999). · cites it 10× “He argues that 18 U.S.C. § 514 (Supp. II 1996), 4 which he was not charged with violating, defines the offense he committed.”
United States v. Morganfield, 501 F.3d 453 (5th Cir. 2007). · cites it 6× “HIGGINBOTHAM, Circuit Judge: Ellis Morganfield and Leroy Thomas were each convicted on one count of conspiracy to violate 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a), and one count of aiding and abetting the violation of 18 U.”
Jones v. United States, 526 U.S. 227 (1999). · cites it 2× “, 18 U. S. C. § 514 (1994 ed., Supp. II) , which draw a provision to its close.”
United States v. Edward Keith Howick, 263 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2001). · cites it 5× “superseding indictment, Howick was charged with (1) possession *1062 with intent to defraud of fictitious documents “appearing, representing, or contriving” to be an actual financial instrument (specifically, a one-hundred million dollar Federal Reserve note and a five-hundred…”
United States v. Salman, 531 F.3d 1007 (9th Cir. 2008). · cites it 12× “Salman appeals his convictions for two counts of passing a fictitious financial instrument, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a)(2), and two counts of attempting corruptly to interfere with the administration of the internal revenue laws, in violation of 26 U.”
United States v. Michael A. Riley, 335 F.3d 919 (9th Cir. 2003). · cites it 2× “Riley pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to produce fictitious obligations in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a)(2), one count of possession of fictitious obligations in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Jones, 965 F.3d 190 (2d Cir. 2020). · cites it 7× “) for the use of “false or fictitious” government financial documents, in 31 violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 514 and 2. Jones acknowledges that he used fake 1 government transportation requests and purchase orders but argues that there is 2 insufficient evidence to support his…”
United States v. Pansier, 576 F.3d 726 (7th Cir. 2009). · cites it 2× “§ 7206 (1); and twenty-two counts of fraudulently passing *730 fictitious financial instruments, appearing to be issued under the authority of the United States, see 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a)(2). Pansier made his initial appearance at an arraignment on January 27, 2006.”
United States v. Boris Granik, Alexander Iskolsky, & Semyon Bumagin, 386 F.3d 404 (2d Cir. 2004). · cites it 2× “§§ 371 , 513(a), 514(a)(2) and to passing or attempting to pass a fictitious obligation, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a)(2). In his plea agreement, Bumagin stipulated that the offenses “involved a loss or attempted loss” between $500,000 and $800,000.”
United States v. Charise Stone, 866 F.3d 219 (4th Cir. 2017). “§ 1014 , fictitious obligations in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514 , obstructing and impeding the due administration of internal revenue laws in violation of 26 U.”
United States v. Heath, 525 F.3d 451 (6th Cir. 2008). · cites it 2× “§ 7201 , and with two counts of presenting fictitious financial instruments, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a)(2). At the conclusion of the trial, the district court granted Heath’s motion, filed pursuant to Rule 29 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to dismiss the…”
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— 18 U.S.C. § 514(a)(2) — 3 cases
United States v. Salman, 531 F.3d 1007 (9th Cir. 2008). “Salman appeals his convictions for two counts of passing a fictitious financial instrument, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514 (a)(2), and two counts of attempting corruptly to interfere with the administration of the internal revenue laws, in violation of 26 U.”
Cook v. United States (E.D. Tenn. 2024).
United States v. Salman (9th Cir. 2008).
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