21 U.S.C. § 466

Imports

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(a) Compliance with standards and regulations; status after importation

No slaughtered poultry, or parts or products thereof, of any kind shall be imported into the United States unless they are healthful, wholesome, fit for human food, not adulterated, and contain no dye, chemical, preservative, or ingredient which renders them unhealthful, unwholesome, adulterated, or unfit for human food and unless they also comply with the rules and regulations made by the Secretary of Agriculture to assure that imported poultry or poultry products comply with the standards provided for in this chapter. All imported, slaughtered poultry, or parts or products thereof, shall after entry into the United States in compliance with such rules and regulations be deemed and treated as domestic slaughtered poultry, or parts or products thereof, within the meaning and subject to the provisions of this chapter and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], and Acts amendatory of, supplemental to, or in substitution for such chapter and Act.

(b) Rules and regulations; destruction and exportation of refused imports

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make rules and regulations to carry out the purposes of this section and in such rules and regulations the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe the terms and conditions for the destruction of all slaughtered poultry, or parts or products thereof, offered for entry and refused admission into the United States unless such slaughtered poultry, or parts or products thereof, be exported by the consignee within the time fixed therefor in such rules and regulations.

All charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to any product which is refused admission pursuant to this section shall be paid by the owner or consignee, and in default of such payment shall constitute a lien against any other products imported thereafter by or for such owner or consignee.

(d) Domestic standards and processing facilities applicable; enforcement(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all poultry, or parts or products of poultry, capable of use as human food offered for importation into the United States shall—(A) be subject to inspection, sanitary, quality, species verification, and residue standards that achieve a level of sanitary protection equivalent to that achieved under United States standards; and(B) have been processed in facilities and under conditions that achieve a level of sanitary protection equivalent to that achieved under United States standards.(2)(A) The Secretary may treat as equivalent to a United States standard a standard of an exporting country described in paragraph (1) if the exporting country provides the Secretary with scientific evidence or other information, in accordance with risk assessment methodologies determined appropriate by the Secretary, to demonstrate that the standard of the exporting country achieves the level of sanitary protection achieved under the United States standard. For the purposes of this subsection, the term “sanitary protection” means protection to safeguard public health.(B) The Secretary may—(i) determine, on a scientific basis, that the standard of the exporting country does not achieve the level of protection that the Secretary considers appropriate; and(ii) provide the basis for the determination in writing to the exporting country on request.(3) Any such imported poultry article that does not meet such standards shall not be permitted entry into the United States.(4) The Secretary shall enforce this subsection through—(A) random inspections for such species verification and for residues; and(B) random sampling and testing of internal organs and fat of carcasses for residues at the point of slaughter by the exporting country, in accordance with methods approved by the Secretary.(Pub. L. 85–172, § 17, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 448; Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, § 1701(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1633; Pub. L. 103–182, title III, § 361(e), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2123; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, § 431(k), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4969.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§ 301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 103–465, § 431(k)(1), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in paragraph (2), all poultry, or parts or products thereof, capable of use as human food offered for importation into the United States shall—

“(A) be subject to the same inspection, sanitary, quality, species verification, and residue standards applied to products produced in the United States; and

“(B) have been processed in facilities and under conditions that are the same as those under which similar products are processed in the United States.”

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–465, § 431(k)(2)(A), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all poultry, or parts or products of poultry, capable of use as human food offered for importation into the United States from Canada and Mexico shall—

“(i) comply with paragraph (1); or

“(ii)(I) be subject to inspection, sanitary, quality, species verification, and residue standards that are equivalent to United States standards; and

“(II) have been processed in facilities and under conditions that meet standards that are equivalent to United States standards.”

Subsec. (d)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 103–465, § 431(k)(2)(B), (C), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “The Secretary may treat as equivalent to a United States standard a standard of Canada or Mexico described in subparagraph (A)(ii) if the exporting country provides the Secretary with scientific evidence or other information, in accordance with risk assessment methodologies agreed to by the Secretary and the exporting country, to demonstrate that the standard of the exporting country achieves the level of protection that the Secretary considers appropriate.”

1993—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–182, in par. (1), inserted “except as provided in paragraph (2),” before “all poultry” in introductory provisions, added par. (2), and redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), respectively.

1985—Par. (d). Pub. L. 99–198 added par. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective, except as otherwise provided, on the date of entry into force of the World Trade Organization Agreement with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), see section 451 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, § 1701(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1633, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall become effective 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985].”

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 8 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1992–2026 · leading case: Mississippi Poultry Ass'n, Inc. v. Edward R. Madigan, Sec'y of the United States Dep't of Agric., 31 F.3d 293 (5th Cir. 1994).

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Mississippi Poultry Ass'n, Inc. v. Edward R. Madigan, Sec'y of the United States Dep't of Agric., 31 F.3d 293 (5th Cir. 1994). · cites it 15× “Codified at 21 U.S.C. § 466 (d) (emphasis added). 5 .”

Mississippi Poultry Ass'n, Inc. v. Edward R. Madigan, Sec'y of the United States Dep't of Agric., 992 F.2d 1359 (5th Cir. 1993). · cites it 3× “21 U.S.C. § 466 (d). . 21 U.S.C. § 466 (d) (emphasis added).”

Mississippi Poultry Ass'n, Inc. v. Madigan, 790 F. Supp. 1283 (S.D. Miss. 1992). · cites it 13× “Specifically, plaintiffs argue that the “at least equal to” standard adopted by the Department of Agriculture is contrary to the language of the PPIA, 21 U.S.C. § 466 (d) (Supp.1991) (codified version of § 1701(a) of 1985 Farm Bill) which states that all poultry and poultry…”

Ass'n Des Éleveurs De Canards Et D'Oies Du Québec v. Becerra, 870 F.3d 1140 (9th Cir. 2017). “Similarly, the PPIA’s “Definitions” section contains phrases such as: “ingredients only in a relatively small proportion”; “to assure that the poultry ingredients in such products are not adulterated”; “common names of optional ingredients (other than spices, flavoring, and…”

Nat'l Broiler Council v. Voss, 44 F.3d 740 (9th Cir. 1994). “” 21 U.S.C. § 466 (d)(1) (emphasis added). However, this provision cannot shed any light on congressional intent at the time § 467e was enacted, because § 466(d)(1) was enacted as part of the 1985 amendments to the PPIA, 17 years after passage of § 467e.”

Mississippi Poultry Ass'n, Inc. v. Madigan (5th Cir. 1994). · cites it 15× “7 The PPIA was enacted to serve a two-fold purpose: To protect 4 Codified at 21 U.S.C. § 466 (d) (emphasis added). 5 9 C.”

Resolution Trust Corp. v. California, 851 F. Supp. 1453 (C.D. Cal. 1994). “" 21 U.S.C. § 466 (d)(1) (emphasis added). However, this provision cannot shed any light on congressional intent at the time § 467e was enacted, because § 466(d)(1) was enacted as part of the 1985 amendments to the PPIA, 17 years after passage of § 467e.”

Upside Foods Inc v. Comm'r, Florida Dep't of Agric. an (11th Cir. 2026). “The PPIA also describes ingredients at a non-cellular level, prohibiting foreign poultry product imports if the products contain certain “dye[s], chemical[s], preservative[s], or ingredient[s]” that would make them harmful to humans, 21 U.S.C. § 466 (a), and stating that USCA11…”

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