5 U.S.C. § 553

Rule making

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(a) This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, except to the extent that there is involved—(1) a military or foreign affairs function of the United States; or(2) a matter relating to agency management or personnel or to public property, loans, grants, benefits, or contracts.(b) General notice of proposed rule making shall be published in the Federal Register, unless persons subject thereto are named and either personally served or otherwise have actual notice thereof in accordance with law. The notice shall include—(1) a statement of the time, place, and nature of public rule making proceedings;(2) reference to the legal authority under which the rule is proposed;(3) either the terms or substance of the proposed rule or a description of the subjects and issues involved; and(4) the Internet address of a summary of not more than 100 words in length of the proposed rule, in plain language, that shall be posted on the Internet website under section 206(d) of the E-Government Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note) (commonly known as regulations.gov).Except when notice or hearing is required by statute, this subsection does not apply—(A) to interpretative rules, general statements of policy, or rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice; or(B) when the agency for good cause finds (and incorporates the finding and a brief statement of reasons therefor in the rules issued) that notice and public procedure thereon are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest.(c) After notice required by this section, the agency shall give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making through submission of written data, views, or arguments with or without opportunity for oral presentation. After consideration of the relevant matter presented, the agency shall incorporate in the rules adopted a concise general statement of their basis and purpose. When rules are required by statute to be made on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing, sections 556 and 557 of this title apply instead of this subsection.(d) The required publication or service of a substantive rule shall be made not less than 30 days before its effective date, except—(1) a substantive rule which grants or recognizes an exemption or relieves a restriction;(2) interpretative rules and statements of policy; or(3) as otherwise provided by the agency for good cause found and published with the rule.(e) Each agency shall give an interested person the right to petition for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of a rule.(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 118–9, § 2, July 25, 2023, 137 Stat. 55.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Derivation

U.S. Code

Revised Statutes and

Statutes at Large

 

5 U.S.C. 1003.

June 11, 1946, ch. 324, § 4, 60 Stat. 238.

In subsection (a)(1), the words “or naval” are omitted as included in “military”.

In subsection (b), the word “when” is substituted for “in any situation in which”.

In subsection (c), the words “for oral presentation” are substituted for “to present the same orally in any manner”. The words “sections 556 and 557 of this title apply instead of this subsection” are substituted for “the requirements of sections 1006 and 1007 of this title shall apply in place of the provisions of this subsection”.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Editorial NotesReferences in Text

Section 206(d) of the E-Government Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), is section 206(d) of Pub. L. 107–347, which is set out in a note under section 3501 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Codification

Section 553 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2245 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 118–9 added par. (4).

Executive DocumentsExecutive Order No. 12044

Ex. Ord. No. 12044, Mar. 23, 1978, 43 F.R. 12661, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12221, June 27, 1980, 45 F.R. 44249, which related to the improvement of Federal regulations, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12291, Feb. 17, 1981, 46 F.R. 13193, formerly set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 3,977 cases (376 in the last 5 years), 1967–2026 · leading case: Azar v. Allina Health Services
Azar v. Allina Health Services (2019) scotus · cites it 11× “5 U. S. C. §553 (a)(2). Soon enough, though, the government volunteered to follow the informal notice-and-comment rulemaking procedures found in the APA when proceeding under the Medicare Act.”
Aqua Products, Inc. v. Matal (2017) cafc · cites it 12× “5 U.S.C. § 553 (b)(3) (Federal Register notice must include “either the terms or substance of the proposed rule or a description of the subjects and issues involved.”
United States v. Gould (2009) ca4 · cites it 14× “§ 553 , because it was promulgated without providing the required 30-day notice for comment and because the Attorney General's reliance on the "good cause" exception to the notice and comment requirement was misplaced.”
North Carolina Growers' Ass'n v. United Farm Workers (2012) ca4 · cites it 30× “We primarily consider: (1) whether the Department’s action constituted "rule making" under the Administrative Procedure Act (the APA), 5 U.S.C. §§ 553 , and 701 through 706; and (2) if the action was "rule making," whether the Department satisfied the APA’s "notice and com-…”
Richard A. Batterton, Secretary of Employment & Social Services of the State of Maryland v. F. Ray Marshall, Secretary o (1980) cadc · cites it 16× “” 5 U.S.C. § 553 (a)(2) (1976). Here, however, DOL has expressly waived this exemption by its own regulation which provides: It is the policy of the Secretary of Labor that in applying the rule making provisions of the APA the exemption therein for rules relating to public…”
Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization (1976) scotus · cites it 8× “Plaintiffs' second claim was that the issuance of Revenue Ruling 69-545 without a *34 public hearing and an opportunity for submission of views had violated the rulemaking procedures of the APA, 5 U. S. C. § 553 . The theory of this claim was that the Ruling should be considered…”
State of Texas v. USA (2015) ca5 · cites it 10× “See 5 U.S.C. § 553 . Second, the states claimed that DHS lacked the authority to implement the program even if it followed the correct rulemaking process, such that DAPA was substantively unlawful under the APA.”
United States v. Cain (2009) ca6 · cites it 17× “; see 5 U.S.C. § 553 (b)(B), (d)(3). The Attorney General justified that claim with the following statement: The immediate effectiveness of this rule is necessary to eliminate any possible uncertainty about the applicability of the Act's requirements—and related means of…”
East Bay Sanctuary Covenant v. Donald Trump (2018) ca9 · cites it 7× “§ 1158 (a)(1), and second, the Attorney General failed to follow the procedures for enacting the Rule, see 5 U.S.C. § 553 . The Government now seeks a stay of the district court’s temporary restraining order pending appeal.”
United States v. Mead Corp. (2001) scotus · cites it 4× “Rulings are not preceded by notice and comment as under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U. S. C. § 553 , they "do not carry the force of law and are not, like regulations, intended to clarify the rights and obligations of importers beyond the specific case under review.”
Chrysler Corp. v. Brown (1979) scotus · cites it 7× “[43] Section 4 of the APA, 5 U. S. C. § 553 , specifies that an agency shall afford interested persons general notice of proposed rulemaking and an opportunity to comment before a substantive rule is promulgated.”
United States v. Billy Reynolds (2013) ca3 · cites it 17× “The Attorney General did not provide the period for notice and comment required under 5 U.S.C. § 553 (b), nor did he provide the minimum thirty-day delay before the rule became effective under 5 U.”
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(a)(1) — 1 case
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(a)(2) — 2 cases
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b) — 9 cases
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(3) — 1 case
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(3)(A) — 4 cases
Nelson v. Betit (1997) utahctapp
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(4)(A) — 1 case
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(8)(A) — 2 cases
Sweet v. Sheahan (2000) ca2
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(A) — 6 cases
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(AHB) — 1 case
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(B) — 2 cases
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(c) — 6 cases
Somer v. Woodhouse (1981) washctapp
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(d) — 1 case
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(d)(1) — 1 case
Grier v. Hood (2002) ca9
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(d)(3) — 1 case
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(d)(l) — 1 case
— 5 U.S.C. § 553(e) — 2 cases
Maine v. Thomas (1989) ca1
Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.