50 U.S.C. § 1881

Definitions

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(a) In general

In this subchapter, the terms “agent of a foreign power”, “Attorney General”, “contents”, “electronic surveillance”, “foreign intelligence information”, “foreign power”, “person”, “United States”, and “United States person” have the meanings given such terms in section 1801 of this title, except as specifically provided in this subchapter.

(b) Additional definitionsIn this subchapter:(1) Congressional intelligence committeesThe term “congressional intelligence committees” means—(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.(2) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; Court

The terms “Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court” and “Court” mean the court established under section 1803(a) of this title.

(3) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review; Court of Review

The terms “Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review” and “Court of Review” mean the court established under section 1803(b) of this title.

(4) Electronic communication service providerThe term “electronic communication service provider” means—(A) a telecommunications carrier, as that term is defined in section 153 of title 47;(B) a provider of electronic communication service, as that term is defined in section 2510 of title 18;(C) a provider of a remote computing service, as that term is defined in section 2711 of title 18;(D) any other communication service provider who has access to wire or electronic communications either as such communications are transmitted or as such communications are stored;(E) any other service provider who has access to equipment that is being or may be used to transmit or store wire or electronic communications, but not including any entity that serves primarily as—(i) a public accommodation facility, as that term is defined in section 1861(4) of this title;(ii) a dwelling, as that term is defined in section 3602 of title 42;(iii) a community facility, as that term is defined in section 1592n of title 42; or(iv) a food service establishment, as that term is defined in section 1638 of title 7; or(F) an officer, employee, custodian, or agent of an entity described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E).(5) Intelligence community

The term “intelligence community” has the meaning given the term in section 3003(4) of this title.

(Pub. L. 95–511, title VII, § 701, as added Pub. L. 110–261, title I, § 101(a)(2), July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2437; amended Pub. L. 115–118, title II, § 205(a)(5), Jan. 19, 2018, 132 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 118–49, § 25(a), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 893.)Repeal of Section

Pub. L. 110–261, title IV, § 403(b)(1), July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2474, as amended by Pub. L. 112–238, § 2(a)(1), Dec. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 1631; Pub. L. 115–118, title II, § 201(a)(1), Jan. 19, 2018, 132 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title IX, § 7902(a)(1), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 118–49, § 19(a)(1), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 119–84, § 1(a)(1), Apr. 18, 2026, 140 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 119–87, § 1(a)(1), Apr. 30, 2026, 140 Stat. 811, provided that, except as provided in section 404 of Pub. L. 110–261, set out as a note under section 1801 of this title, effective June 12, 2026, this section is repealed.

Editorial NotesPrior Provisions

A prior section 701 of Pub. L. 95–511 was set out as a note under section 1801 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–261.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (b)(4)(D). Pub. L. 118–49, § 25(a)(2), struck out “or” at end.

Subsec. (b)(4)(E). Pub. L. 118–49, § 25(a)(3), added subpar. (E). Former subpar. (E) redesignated (F).

Subsec. (b)(4)(F). Pub. L. 118–49, § 25(a)(1), (4), redesignated subpar. (E) as (F), inserted “custodian,” after “employee,” and substituted “(C), (D), or (E)” for “(C), or (D)”.

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–118, § 205(a)(5)(A), substituted “In this subchapter, the terms” for “The terms”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–118, § 205(a)(5)(B)(i), inserted introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 115–118, § 205(a)(5)(B)(ii), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 3003(4) of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–96, div. A, § 1002, Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2045, which temporarily extended the effective date of the amendments made by section 403(b) of Pub. L. 110–261 to Jan. 19, 2018, was repealed by its own terms upon the enactment, on Jan. 19, 2018, of section 201(a) of Pub. L. 115–118, which amended the dates specified in section 403(b) of Pub. L. 110–261, and by Pub. L. 115–120, div. B, § 2002, Jan. 22, 2018, 132 Stat. 31, which was effective on Jan. 22, 2018.

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 110–261, title IV, § 403(b)(1), July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2474, as amended by Pub. L. 112–238, § 2(a)(1), Dec. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 1631; Pub. L. 115–118, title II, § 201(a)(1), Jan. 19, 2018, 132 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title IX, § 7902(a)(1), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 118–49, § 19(a)(1), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 119–84, § 1(a)(1), Apr. 18, 2026, 140 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 119–87, § 1(a)(1), Apr. 30, 2026, 140 Stat. 811, provided that, except as provided in section 404 of Pub. L. 110–261, set out as a Transition Procedures note under section 1801 of this title, the repeals made by section 403(b)(1) are effective June 12, 2026.

[Pub. L. 119–87, § 1(b), Apr. 30, 2026, 140 Stat. 811, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending sections 1881 to 1881h of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 2511 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] shall take effect on the earlier of the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 30, 2026] or April 29, 2026.” ]

[Pub. L. 119–84, § 1(c), Apr. 18, 2026, 140 Stat. 771, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending sections 1881 to 1881h of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section, section 1801 of this title, and section 2511 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] shall take effect on the earlier of the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 18, 2026] or April 19, 2026.” ]

[Pub. L. 115–118, title II, § 201(c), Jan. 19, 2018, 132 Stat. 19, provided that: “The amendments made to the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–261) by this section [amending sections 1881 to 1881g of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section, section 1801 of this title, and section 2511 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] shall take effect on December 31, 2017.” ]

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 14 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1949–2025 · leading case: Amnesty International USA v. McConnell

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Amnesty International USA v. McConnell (2009) nysd · cites it 2× “…been submitted to the FISC for approval or will be submitted with the certification. 50 U.S.C. § 1881 a(g)(2) (A) (i-ii). The certification must also include the actual procedures and attest that they comply with the Fourth Amendment. 50 U.S.C. § 1881a(g)(2)(B) &…”

Amnesty International USA v. Clapper (2011) ca2 “50 U.S.C. § 1881 a(c)(2), 188 la(g)(l)(B).”

Electronic Frontier Foundation v. Department of Justice (2014) dcd “50 U.S.C. § 1881 a(b). And subsection (c) requires the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, to adopt and implement minimization procedures, targeting procedures, and compliance guidelines to ensure that the government abides by the…”

United States v. Huang (2014) nmd “Defendant also raises an argument that surveillance in this case violated FISA because it was conducted while Defendant was still in the United States, but in doing so, makes the mistake of relying on 50 U.S.C. § 1881 . These are FISA provisions relating to “Additional…”

Wikimedia Foundation v. National Security Agency/Central Security Service (2015) mdd “at 1135 (quoting 50 U.S.C. § 1881 a(i)(2)(B)). The Supreme Court explained that in attempting to establish standing, the <a href="/opinion/821306/clapper-v-amnesty-international-usa/" aria-description="Citation for case: Clapper v.”

United States v. Muhtorov (2015) cod “2474 , as amended, appearing in 50 U.S.C. § 1881 note, ; In Clapper v.”

United States v. Fogaley (1951) ca10 “Section 205 of the Housing and Rent Act of 1947, as amended, 50 U.S.C.A. § 1881 et seq. In United States v.”

United States v. Mohammad (2018) ohnd “%20%C2%A7%201881"> 50 U.S.C. § 1881 (a).”

Goziker v. U.S. Department of Justice (2025) dcd “§ 552a(b) (Count III); and Section 702 of the FISA, 50 U.S.C. § 1881 (Count IV).”

Kolar v. Woods, Housing Expediter (1951) ca5 “; Title 50 U.S.C.A. § 1881 et seq. *738 The complaint charged that during the period from March 15, 1946 to January-19, 1948, defendants collected $50 per month on certain rental property located at 914 Glendonjo Drive in the Orlando, Florida Defense-Rental Area, on which the…”

Clayton v. AT & T Communications of Southwest, Inc. (2009) cand “Section 703 ( 50 U.S.C. § 1881 ) defines “intelligence community” to have the meaning given the term in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.”

Dyno v. Rafferty (1951) pactcompllackaw “, 50 U.S.C. §1881 et seq. *48 The overcharges allegedly began in the month of August 1948 and continued each month up to and including the month of September 1950.”

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