A. The attorney general or a county attorney may file an action in superior court on behalf of a person who sustains injury to his person, business or property by racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or by a violation of section 13-2312 for the recovery of treble damages and the costs of the suit, including reasonable attorney fees, or to prevent, restrain or remedy racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312. If the person against whom a racketeering claim has been asserted, including a forfeiture action or lien, prevails on that claim, the person may be awarded costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred in defense of that claim. In actions filed by the state or a county, awards of costs and reasonable attorney fees are to be assessed against and paid from monies acquired pursuant to sections 13-2314.01 and 13-2314.03.
B. The superior court has jurisdiction to prevent, restrain and remedy racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312 after making provision for the rights of any person who sustained injury to his person, business or property by the racketeering conduct and after a hearing or trial, as appropriate, by issuing appropriate orders.
C. Before a determination of liability the orders may include issuing seizure warrants, entering findings of probable cause for in personam or in rem forfeiture, entering restraining orders or prohibitions or taking other actions, including the acceptance of satisfactory performance bonds, the creation of receiverships and the enforcement of constructive trusts, in connection with any property or other interest subject to forfeiture, damages or other remedies or restraints pursuant to this section as the court deems proper.
D. Following a determination of liability the orders may include:
1. Ordering any person to divest himself of any interest, direct or indirect, in any enterprise.
2. Imposing reasonable restrictions on the future activities or investments of any person, including prohibiting any person from engaging in the same type of endeavor as the enterprise engaged in, the activities of which affect the laws of this state, to the extent the constitutions of the United States and this state allow.
3. Ordering dissolution or reorganization of any enterprise.
4. Ordering the payment of treble damages to those persons injured by racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312.
5. Ordering the payment of all costs and expenses of the prosecution and investigation of any offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312, civil and criminal, including reasonable attorney fees, to be paid to the general fund of the state or the county that brings the action.
6. In personam forfeiture pursuant to chapter 39 of this title to the general fund of the state or county, as appropriate, to the extent that forfeiture is not inconsistent with protecting the rights of any person who sustained injury to his person, business or property by the racketeering conduct, of the interest of a person in:
(a) Any property or interest in property acquired or maintained by the person in violation of section 13-2312.
(b) Any interest in, security of, claims against or property, office, title, license or contractual right of any kind affording a source of influence over any enterprise or other property that the person has acquired or maintained an interest in or control of, conducted or participated in the conduct of in violation of section 13-2312.
(c) All proceeds traceable to an offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 and held by the person and all monies, negotiable instruments, securities and other property used or intended to be used by the person in any manner or part to facilitate commission of the offense and that the person either owned or controlled for the purpose of that use.
(d) Any other property up to the value of the subject property described in subdivision (a), (b) or (c) of this paragraph.
7. Payment to the general fund of the state or county as appropriate of an amount equal to the gain that was acquired or maintained through an offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312 or that any person is liable for under this section.
E. A person who is liable for conduct described in subsection D, paragraph 6, subdivision (a), (b) or (c) of this section is liable for the total value of all interests in property described in those subdivisions. The court shall enter an order of forfeiture against the person in the amount of the total value of all those interests less the value of any interests that are forfeited before or at the time of the entry of the final judgment.
F. A person or enterprise that acquires any property through an offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or through a violation of section 13-2312 is an involuntary trustee. The involuntary trustee and any other person or enterprise, except a bona fide purchaser for value who is reasonably without notice of the unlawful conduct and who is not knowingly taking part in an illegal transaction, hold the property, its proceeds and its fruits in constructive trust for the benefit of persons entitled to remedies under this section.
G. A defendant convicted in any criminal proceeding shall be precluded from subsequently denying the essential allegations of the criminal offense of which he was convicted in any civil proceeding. For the purposes of this subsection, a conviction may result from a verdict or plea including a no contest plea.
H. Notwithstanding any law creating a lesser period, the initiation of civil proceedings related to violations of any offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312, including procedures pursuant to chapter 39 of this title, shall be commenced within seven years after actual discovery of the violation.
I. In any civil action brought pursuant to this section, the attorney general or a county attorney may file with the clerk of the superior court a certificate stating that the case is of special public importance. A copy of that certificate shall be furnished immediately by the clerk to the chief judge or presiding chief judge of the superior court in the county in which the action is pending, and, on receipt of the copy, the judge shall immediately designate a judge to hear and determine the action. The judge so designated shall promptly assign the action for hearing, participate in the hearings and determination and cause the action to be expedited.
J. The standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence test, except that the standard of proof for an order under subsection D, paragraph 6 of this section is the standard of proof that is applicable for an in personam forfeiture as set forth in chapter 39 of this title.
K. The attorney general may appear as amicus curiae in any proceeding in which a claim under this section has been asserted, including proceedings pursuant to chapter 39 of this title, or in which the court is interpreting this chapter or chapter 39 of this title. A party who files a notice of appeal from a civil action brought under this chapter or chapter 39 of this title shall serve the notice and one copy of the appellant's brief on the attorney general at the time the person files the appellant's brief with the court. This requirement is jurisdictional.
L. For the purposes of this section and section 13-2312:
1. "Acquire" means for a person to do any of the following:
(a) Possess.
(b) Act so as to exclude other persons from using their property except on his own terms.
(c) Bring about or receive the transfer of any interest in property, whether to himself or to another person, or to secure performance of a service.
2. "Gain" means any benefit, interest or property of any kind without reduction for expenses of acquiring or maintaining it or incurred for any other reason.
3. "Proceeds" includes any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in
87
cases (
5 in the last 5 years), 1983–2025 · leading case:
Rhue v. Dawson, 841 P.2d 215 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1992).
Rhue v. Dawson, 841 P.2d 215 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1992).
· cites it 36× “[14] The Legislature added this subsection to A.R.S. § 13-2314 by Laws, 1982, Ch. 200, § 3; in 1985, this subsection was redesignated as subsection N.”
State Ex Rel. Napolitano v. Gravano, 60 P.3d 246 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2002).
· cites it 25× “For the purposes of A.R.S. § 13-2314, the word “proceeds” is defined as “any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.”
State Ex Rel. Corbin v. Pickrell, 667 P.2d 1304 (Ariz. 1983).
· cites it 14× “§ 13-2314(A) provides: A person who sustains injury to his person, business or property by racketeering as defined by § 13-2301, sub-section D, paragraph 4 or by a violation [of] § 13A2312 may file an action in superior court for the recovery of treble damages and the costs of…”
In Re Prop. Located at 6757 S. Burcham Ave., 64 P.3d 843 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2003).
· cites it 17× “Accordingly, we can only conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting this evidence and, therefore, affirm its ruling.”
State, Ex Rel. Horne v. Campos, 250 P.3d 201 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2011).
· cites it 12× “¶ 55 Campos requests an award of his attorneys’ fees and costs incurred on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-2314(A). That statute allows a prevailing defendant “against whom a racketeering claim has been asserted” to receive reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.”
In re 1996 Nissan Sentra, 32 P.3d 39 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2001).
· cites it 7× “” We conclude, therefore, that the trial court erred in finding that § 13-4304(3) also exempted Simmons’s interest in the Nissan from the state’s racketeering claim for forfeiture relief under § 13-2314.”
In Re One Residence at 319 E. Fairgrounds Dr., 71 P.3d 930 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2003).
· cites it 21× “In determining the amount of a forfeiture, a court may not consider any sanction imposed in a criminal case involving the same conduct, but shall consider the amount of injury to the state, which is broadly defined as the expenditure of public monies, the amount of money or…”
Vairo v. Clayden, 734 P.2d 110 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1987).
· cites it 18× “RACKETEERING DAMAGES We will consider the remaining issues involving the determination of damages, pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-2314, because they will probably come up again in the determination of this matter.”
Hannosh v. Segal, 328 P.3d 1049 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2014).
· cites it 10× “And a plaintiff seeking relief for a violation of a § 13-2312 pattern of racketeering “need only allege that he has been injured by the defendant’s control or conduct of an enterprise by racketeering.” Id. ¶ 9 Arizona’s racketeering statutes do not specifically define an…”
State Ex Rel. Goddard v. Gravano, 108 P.3d 251 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2005).
· cites it 12× “”); and § 13-2314(K)(“[t]he standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence test.").”
State v. W. Union Fin. Servs., Inc., 208 P.3d 218 (Ariz. 2009).
· cites it 10× “See also A.R.S. § 13-2314(C) (authorizing various orders before determination of liability in forfeiture actions).”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(0) — 3 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(A) — 30 cases
State Ex Rel. Corbin v. Pickrell, 667 P.2d 1304 (Ariz. 1983).
“§ 13-2314(A) provides: A person who sustains injury to his person, business or property by racketeering as defined by § 13-2301, sub-section D, paragraph 4 or by a violation [of] § 13A2312 may file an action in superior court for the recovery of treble damages and the costs of…”
Rhue v. Dawson, 841 P.2d 215 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1992).
“[14] The Legislature added this subsection to A.R.S. § 13-2314 by Laws, 1982, Ch. 200, § 3; in 1985, this subsection was redesignated as subsection N.”
Vairo v. Clayden, 734 P.2d 110 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1987).
“RACKETEERING DAMAGES We will consider the remaining issues involving the determination of damages, pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-2314, because they will probably come up again in the determination of this matter.”
State Ex Rel. Napolitano v. Gravano, 60 P.3d 246 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2002).
“For the purposes of A.R.S. § 13-2314, the word “proceeds” is defined as “any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(B) — 3 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(C) — 5 cases
State v. W. Union Fin. Servs., Inc., 208 P.3d 218 (Ariz. 2009).
“See also A.R.S. § 13-2314(C) (authorizing various orders before determination of liability in forfeiture actions).”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D) — 6 cases
Vairo v. Clayden, 734 P.2d 110 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1987).
“RACKETEERING DAMAGES We will consider the remaining issues involving the determination of damages, pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-2314, because they will probably come up again in the determination of this matter.”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D)(4) — 4 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D)(5) — 2 cases
State Ex Rel. Goddard v. Gravano, 108 P.3d 251 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2005).
“”); and § 13-2314(K)(“[t]he standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence test.").”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D)(6) — 1 case
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D)(6)(a) — 3 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D)(6)(c) — 2 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D)(7) — 2 cases
State Ex Rel. Napolitano v. Gravano, 60 P.3d 246 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2002).
“For the purposes of A.R.S. § 13-2314, the word “proceeds” is defined as “any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.”
State Ex Rel. Goddard v. Gravano, 108 P.3d 251 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2005).
“”); and § 13-2314(K)(“[t]he standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence test.").”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(D)(l) — 1 case
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(E) — 3 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(F) — 8 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(F)(3) — 9 cases
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(G) — 15 cases
In re 1996 Nissan Sentra, 32 P.3d 39 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2001).
“” We conclude, therefore, that the trial court erred in finding that § 13-4304(3) also exempted Simmons’s interest in the Nissan from the state’s racketeering claim for forfeiture relief under § 13-2314.”
State Ex Rel. Napolitano v. Gravano, 60 P.3d 246 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2002).
“For the purposes of A.R.S. § 13-2314, the word “proceeds” is defined as “any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.”
In Re One Residence at 319 E. Fairgrounds Dr., 71 P.3d 930 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2003).
“In determining the amount of a forfeiture, a court may not consider any sanction imposed in a criminal case involving the same conduct, but shall consider the amount of injury to the state, which is broadly defined as the expenditure of public monies, the amount of money or…”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(G)(1) — 1 case
State Ex Rel. Napolitano v. Gravano, 60 P.3d 246 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2002).
“For the purposes of A.R.S. § 13-2314, the word “proceeds” is defined as “any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(G)(3) — 9 cases
State, Ex Rel. Horne v. Campos, 250 P.3d 201 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2011).
“¶ 55 Campos requests an award of his attorneys’ fees and costs incurred on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-2314(A). That statute allows a prevailing defendant “against whom a racketeering claim has been asserted” to receive reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.”
State v. W. Union Fin. Servs., Inc., 208 P.3d 218 (Ariz. 2009).
“See also A.R.S. § 13-2314(C) (authorizing various orders before determination of liability in forfeiture actions).”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(H) — 6 cases
State, Ex Rel. Horne v. Campos, 250 P.3d 201 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2011).
“¶ 55 Campos requests an award of his attorneys’ fees and costs incurred on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-2314(A). That statute allows a prevailing defendant “against whom a racketeering claim has been asserted” to receive reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(K) — 2 cases
State Ex Rel. Goddard v. Gravano, 108 P.3d 251 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2005).
“”); and § 13-2314(K)(“[t]he standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence test.").”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(L) — 4 cases
In Re One Residence at 319 E. Fairgrounds Dr., 71 P.3d 930 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2003).
“In determining the amount of a forfeiture, a court may not consider any sanction imposed in a criminal case involving the same conduct, but shall consider the amount of injury to the state, which is broadly defined as the expenditure of public monies, the amount of money or…”
State Ex Rel. Goddard v. Gravano, 108 P.3d 251 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2005).
“”); and § 13-2314(K)(“[t]he standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence test.").”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(M) — 9 cases
In Re Prop. Located at 6757 S. Burcham Ave., 64 P.3d 843 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2003).
“Accordingly, we can only conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting this evidence and, therefore, affirm its ruling.”
Rhue v. Dawson, 841 P.2d 215 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1992).
“[14] The Legislature added this subsection to A.R.S. § 13-2314 by Laws, 1982, Ch. 200, § 3; in 1985, this subsection was redesignated as subsection N.”
State Ex Rel. Corbin v. Pickrell, 667 P.2d 1304 (Ariz. 1983).
“§ 13-2314(A) provides: A person who sustains injury to his person, business or property by racketeering as defined by § 13-2301, sub-section D, paragraph 4 or by a violation [of] § 13A2312 may file an action in superior court for the recovery of treble damages and the costs of…”
Hannosh v. Segal, 328 P.3d 1049 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2014).
“And a plaintiff seeking relief for a violation of a § 13-2312 pattern of racketeering “need only allege that he has been injured by the defendant’s control or conduct of an enterprise by racketeering.” Id. ¶ 9 Arizona’s racketeering statutes do not specifically define an…”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(N) — 7 cases
Rhue v. Dawson, 841 P.2d 215 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1992).
“[14] The Legislature added this subsection to A.R.S. § 13-2314 by Laws, 1982, Ch. 200, § 3; in 1985, this subsection was redesignated as subsection N.”
— Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2314(N)(3) — 2 cases
State Ex Rel. Napolitano v. Gravano, 60 P.3d 246 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2002).
“For the purposes of A.R.S. § 13-2314, the word “proceeds” is defined as “any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.”
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