Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434 (2d Cir. 1955). · Go Syfert
Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434 (2d Cir. 1955). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
103 citation events (4 in the last 25 years) across 12 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Salinger v. Colting (ca2, 2010-04-30)
Treatment trajectory · 1955 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1955 1990 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 34 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Salinger v. Colting
2d Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
Records, Inc., 389 F.2d 903 , 905 (2d Cir.1968); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir.1955).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mattel, Inc. v. Goldberger Doll Manufacturing Co.
2d Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
Dorfman Co., 433 F.2d 409, 411 (2d Cir.1970) (lace design, although not a "work of art," possessed "more than the faint trace of originality required"), "lack of artistic merit," Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 435-36 (2d Cir.1955) (chimpanzee doll showed more than "merely trivial" originality), and absence of anything "strikingly unique or novel," Alfred Bell & Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts, Inc., 191 F.2d 99, 102-03 (2d Cir.1951) ("All that is needed ... is that the author contributed something more than a merely trivial variation, something recognizably his own.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mattel, Inc. v. Goldberger Doll Manufacturing Co.
2d Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
Dorfman Co., 433 F.2d 409, 411 (2d Cir.1970) (lace design, although not a “work of art,” possessed “more than the faint trace of originality required”), “lack of artistic merit,” Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 435-36 (2d Cir.1955) (chimpanzee doll showed more than “merely trivial” originality), and absence of anything “strikingly unique or novel,” Alfred Bell & Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts, Inc., 191 F.2d 99, 102-03 (2d Cir.1951) (“All that is needed ... is that- the author contributed something more than a merely trivial variation, something recognizably his own.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gund, Inc. v. Russ Berrie and Co., Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1988 · confidence medium
See Novelty Textile Mills, Inc. v. Joan Fabrics Corp., 558 F.2d 1090, 1094 (2d Cir.1977); Wainwright Securities Inc. v. Wall Street Transcript Corp., 558 F.2d 91, 94 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1014 , 98 S.Ct. 730 , 54 L.Ed.2d 759 (1978); Robert Stigwood Group Ltd. v. Sperber, 457 F.2d 50, 55 (2d Cir.1972); Concord Fabrics, Inc. v. Marcus Brothers Textile Corp., 409 F.2d 1315, 1317 (2d Cir.1969); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir.1955); Houghton Mifflin Co. v. Stackpole Sons, Inc., 104 F.2d 306, 307 (2d Cir.1939); R.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Albert E. Price, Inc. v. Metzner
E.D. Pa. · 1983 · confidence medium
See Kamar International, Inc. v. Russ Berrie and Co., 657 F.2d 1059, 1061 (9th Cir.1981); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 435-36 (2d Cir.1955).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kamar International, Inc. v. Russ Berrie & Co.
9th Cir. · 1981 · confidence medium
“The mere fact that ... [a stuffed toy chimp is] based on a live model does not deprive [him] ... of the necessary amount of originality.” Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955); see also, Dollcraft Industries, Ltd. v. Well-Made Toy Mfg., 479 F.Supp. 1105 (E.D.N.Y.1978) (stuffed toy lambs and bunnies); R.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kamar International, Inc. v. Russ Berrie And Co.
9th Cir. · 1981 · confidence medium
"The mere fact that ... (a stuffed toy chimp is) based on a live model does not deprive (him) ... of the necessary amount of originality." Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955); see also, Dollcraft Industries, Ltd. v. Well-Made Toy Mfg., 479 F.Supp. 1105 (E.D.N.Y.1978) (stuffed toy lambs and bunnies); R.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Miller Brewing Co. v. Carling O'Keefe Breweries of Canada, Ltd.
W.D.N.Y. · 1978 · confidence medium
Uneeda Doll Co. v. Goldfarb Novelty Co., 373 F.2d 851, 852 (fn.1) (2d Cir. 1967); Joshua Meier Co. v. Albany Novelty Co., 236 F.2d 144, 147 (2d Cir. 1956); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955); Houghton Mifflin Co. v. Stackpole Sons, Inc., 104 F.2d 306 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 308 U.S. 597 , 60 S.Ct. 131 , 84 L.Ed. 499 (1939).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corp. v. Crooks
W.D.N.Y. · 1978 · confidence medium
Wainwright Securities, Inc. v. Wall Street Transcript Corp., 588 F.2d 91 , 94 (2d Cir.1977), cert, denied,-U.S.-, 98 S.Ct. 730 , 54 L.Ed.2d-(1978); see also Robert Stigwood Group, Ltd. v. Sperber, 457 F.2d 50, 55 (2d Cir. 1972); Uneeda Doll Co. v. Goldfarb Novelty Co., 373 F.2d 851 , 852 n.l (2d Cir. 1967); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir.1955) (Clark, J.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) R. Dakin & Co. v. Charles Offset Co., Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1977 · confidence medium
Plaintiff has made a prima facie showing of infringement, and therefore is “entitled to a preliminary injunction without a detailed showing of danger of irreparable harm.” Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Novelty Textile Mills, Inc. v. Joan Fabrics Corporation (2×)
2d Cir. · 1977 · confidence medium
In Houghton Mifflin Co. v. Stackpole Sons, Inc., 104 F.2d 306, 307 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 308 U.S. 597 , 60 S.Ct. 131 , 84 L.Ed. 499 (1939), this court stated that “it is settled in copyright cases that, if the plaintiff makes a prima facie showing of his right, a preliminary injunction should issue.” See also Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wainwright Securities Inc. v. Wall Street Transcript Corporation and Richard A. Holman
2d Cir. · 1977 · confidence medium
Records, 389 F.2d 903 , 905 (2d Cir. 1968); Uneeda Doll Co. v. Goldfarb Novelty Co., 373 F.2d 851 , 852 n.1 (2d Cir. 1967); Joshua Meier Co. v. Albany Novelty Manufacturing Co., 236 F.2d 144, 147 (2d Cir. 1956); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955) (Clark, J.); see 2 Nimmer on Copyright § 157, at 698.4 n.177 (1976 & Supp.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Novelty Textile Mills, Inc. v. Joan Fabrics Corp.
S.D.N.Y. · 1977 · confidence medium
By comparing the volume of sales of Style 253 prior to October, 1976 with that achieved thereafter and adjusting those figures to reflect variations in Novelty’s total revenues during each of these periods, Feinberg concluded that Novelty’s continuing losses amounted to approximate ly $11,000 per week; he attributed all of this sum to the activities of Joan. 5 In order to prevail on its motion for a preliminary injunction, Novelty must make a “prima facie showing that [its] copyright is valid, that the opposing party has infringed and that the balance of hardships tips decisively in [its…
cited Cited as authority (rule) PPS, Inc. v. Jewelry Sales Representatives, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1975 · confidence medium
Co., 236 F.2d 144, 147 (2d Cir. 1956) ; Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955) ; American Code Co. v. Bensinger, 282 F. 829, 935 (2d Cir. 1922). 20 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) Judscott Handprints, Ltd. v. WASHINGTON WALL P. CO., INC.
E.D.N.Y · 1974 · confidence medium
Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2 Cir. 1955).
cited Cited as authority (rule) National Council of Young Israel, Inc. v. Feit Co., Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1972 · confidence medium
Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955). 10 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Consolidated Music Publishers, Inc. v. Hansen Publications, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1972 · confidence medium
Co., 236 F.2d 144, 147 (2d Cir. 1956) ; Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955) ; Covington Fabrics Corp. v. Artel Prods., Inc., 328 F.Supp. 202, 205 (S.D.N.Y.1971) ; Pantone, Inc. v. A. I.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) First American Artificial Flowers, Inc. v. Joseph Markovits Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1972 · confidence medium
It also appears that the parties discovered the availability of copyright protection for their products only recently and have not bothered .to copyright all their products even at the present time, e. g., witness plaintiff’s subsequent use of the copyrighted leaves on an uncopyrighted rose, supra. Therefore, even though no detailed proof of economic harm is necessary in order to justify the granting of a preliminary injunction, Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955), the proof offered on this motion is insufficient.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hub Floral Corporation v. Royal Brass Corporation and Jacob Weinberg, and Ets Tissot & Cie
2d Cir. · 1972 · confidence medium
Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955) (photos in trade journals); Alfred Bell & Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts, Inc., 191 F.2d 99, 105 (2d Cir. 1951) (catalogs); Gerlach-Barklow Co. v. Morris & Bendien, Inc., 23 F.2d 159, 163 (2d Cir. 1927) (samples); Falk v. Gast Lithograph & Engraving Co., 54 F. 890, 893 (2d Cir. 1893) (photographs); Basevi v. Edward O’Toole Co., 26 F.Supp. 41, 49 (S.D.N.Y.1939). 5 There can be no publication of the type referred to in § 13 of the Act until the work has been “reproduced in copies for sale”, see 17 U.S.C. § 12 ; 37 C.F.R. § 202.2 (a) (1), for…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Gianni Cereda Fabrics, Inc. v. Bazaar Fabrics, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1971 · confidence medium
Co., 236 F.2d 144 (2d Cir. 1956); Rushton Co. v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Herbert Rosenthal Jewelry Corp. v. Zale Corporation
S.D.N.Y. · 1971 · confidence medium
Meier v. Albany Novelty Co., 236 F.2d 144 (2d Cir. 1956); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955); Uneeda Doll Co. v. Goldfarb, supra; United Merchants & Mfrs., Inc. v. K.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Leon B. Rosenblatt Textiles Ltd. v. M. Lowenstein & Sons, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1970 · confidence medium
Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Herbert Rosenthal Jewelry v. Jerry J. Grossbardt and Stanley Schechter, Co-Partners, Trading as Honora Jewelry Co.
2d Cir. · 1970 · confidence medium
Co., 236 F.2d 144, 146-147 (2d Cir. 1956); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955). 6 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ideal Toy Corporation v. Fab-Lu, Ltd. (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1966 · confidence medium
As to the validity of copyrights to dolls “of some originality and novelty,” see Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 435 (2d Cir. 1955). 5 . 15 U.S.C. § 1125 (a).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Life Music, Inc. v. Wonderland Music Company
S.D.N.Y. · 1965 · confidence medium
Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955) (involved “seasonal” market).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Prestige Floral v. California Artificial Flower Co.
S.D.N.Y. · 1962 · confidence medium
While no detailed proof of such harm is required on this motion, Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2 Cir.1955), plaintiff has made out a prima facie case — and I do so find — that unless afforded preliminary relief, it will suffer immediate substantial and irreparable injury. 13 Therefore, for the reasons set forth above, I conclude that plaintiff has made a prima facie case that it has validly copyrighted the artificial flower in issue, that defendants have been selling or offering for sale lilacs copied from plaintiff’s lilac, that this infringes plaintiff’s copyright, that defen…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) GW-JWJ Plaintiffs-counter-defendants - Appellees, MEMORANDUM v. NOVELTY, INC., an Indiana corporation; et al
unknown court · Dav · confidence medium
Ill. 2005) (although its motor and main propeller were uncopyrightable 'functional' elements, the hub, blades, and outer ring of a flying saucer toy, as well as the design of a separate controller and base station, were 'artistic' elements subject to copyright protection); see also Masquerade Novelty, Inc. v. Unique Indus., Inc., 912 F.2d 663, 670-72 (3d Cir. 1990) ('animal nose masµs' are copyrightable as sculptural worµs); Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2d Cir. 1955) (chimpanzee doll modeled after television character held copyrightable); Boyds Collection, Ltd. v. Bearington Collect…
cited Cited "see" College Entrance Examination Board v. Cuomo
N.D.N.Y. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434 , 436 (2d Cir.1955); 11 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2948, at 440-41 (West 1973).
discussed Cited "see" Iris Arc v. S.S. Sarna, Inc.
E.D.N.Y · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
Moreover, in copyright cases, if a prima facie case of infringement can be shown, “the allegations of irreparable injury need not be very detailed because such injury can normally be presumed when a copyright is infringed.” Wainwright Securities, Inc. v. Wall Street Transcript Corp., 558 F.2d 91, 94 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1014 , 98 S.Ct. 730 , 54 L.Ed.2d 759 (1978); see Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434 (2d Cir. 1955) (upon making out a prima facie case for copyright infringement plaintiff is entitled to a preliminary injunction); see also M.
discussed Cited "see" L. Batlin & Son, Inc. v. Jeffrey Snyder D/B/A J. S. N. Y. And Etna Products Co., Inc. (2×)
2d Cir. · 1976 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 435-36 (2d Cir. 1955); Ideal Toy Corp. v. Sayco Doll Corp., 302 F.2d 623, 624 (2d Cir. 1962).
cited Cited "see" Walco Products, Inc. v. Kittay & Blitz, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1972 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434 (2d Cir. 1955).
cited Cited "see" Royalty Designs, Inc. v. Thrifticheck Service Corp.
S.D.N.Y. · 1962 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rushton v. Vitale, supra. Royalty does not claim rights to all toy banks in the form of Boxer and Cocker Spaniel dogs.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Imperial Homes Corporation, a Florida Corporation v. Michael M. Lamont and Mrs. Michael M. Lamont, His Wife
5th Cir. · 1972 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434 (2d Cir. 1955), and Nimmer on Copyrights, § 146.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Rosemont Enterprises, Inc. v. Random House, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1966 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e. g., Rushton v. Vitale, 218 F.2d 434, 436 (2 Cir. 1955); Joshua Meier Co. v. Albany Novelty Mfg.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Mary Phillips Rushton as Sole General Partner of the Rushton Company, a Limited Partnership, and the Rushton Company
v.
Joseph Vitale and Benny Rosano, Individually and as Copartners Doing Business Under the Firm Name and Style of Smile Novelty & Toy Company
23221.
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Jan 26, 1955.
218 F.2d 434
Cited by 36 opinions  |  Published

218 F.2d 434

Mary Phillips RUSHTON as sole general partner of The Rushton Company, a limited partnership, and The Rushton Company, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
Joseph VITALE and Benny Rosano, individually and as copartners doing business under the firm name and style of Smile Novelty & Toy Company, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 123.

Docket 23221.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Argued January 14, 1955.

Decided January 26, 1955.

Eugene L. Bondy, New York City (Bondy & Schloss and Bertram Braufman, New York City, on the brief), for plaintiffs-appellants.

Sam Panish, Brooklyn (Liebowitz, Cobert & Deixel, New York City, on the brief), for defendants-appellees.

Before CLARK, Chief Judge, and FRANK and HINCKS, Circuit Judges.

CLARK, Chief Judge.

[*~434]1

Plaintiffs are suing to enjoin the infringement of a copyright, issued May 10, 1954, on a doll in the form of a chimpanzee named Zippy. This toy has been marketed by them, after a considerable expenditure of time, effort, and money, to fulfill a seasonal demand created by the Howdy Doody television program, on which a chimpanzee named Zippy appears. Despite the fact that defendants' doll is substantially identical to, and was obviously copied from, that of plaintiffs, the judge below refused to grant a preliminary injunction before full trial. His memorandum of decision stated: "From the papers submitted I am satisfied that there is a genuine triable issue as to the validity of plaintiffs' copyright and in view of plaintiffs' failure to show irreparable damage, the granting of the drastic remedy of a preliminary injunction is not justified in advance of a trial of the issues." Plaintiffs appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292, controverting both assumptions on which the denial of injunction rested.

2

From the pleadings and affidavits before us, on which Judge Inch based his decision, there seems little doubt as to the validity of plaintiffs' copyright or as to its infringement. Copyright protection extends to any production of some originality and novelty, regardless of its commercial exploitation or lack of artistic merit. Mazer v. Stein, 347 U.S. 201, 74 S.Ct. 460, 98 L. Ed. 630; see also Notes in 68 Harv.L. Rev. 517 (1955) and 66 id. 877 (1953). Indeed, we have said: "All that is needed to satisfy both the Constitution and the statute is that the `author' contributed something more than a `merely trivial' variation, something recognizably `his own.' Originality in this context `means little more than a prohibition of actual copying.' No matter how poor artistically the `author's' addition, it is enough if it be his own." Alfred Bell & Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts, 2 Cir., 191 F.2d 99, 102, 103, per Circuit Judge Frank. Here, moreover, mere judges can hardly risk condemning Zippy for lack of artistry and thus prove themselves false prophets to the far-flung faithful Howdy Doody audience, which seemingly adores his bizarre features and funny face. The mere fact that these were based on a live model does not deprive them of the necessary amount of originality.

3

Nor can we agree with defendants' contention that plaintiffs waived their copyright by permitting photographs of Zippy to appear in trade journals. Where, as here, each copyrighted object is itself properly labeled to comply with the notice requirements of 17 U.S.C. § 10, reproductions in trade journals do not result in loss of the copyright. Alfred Bell & Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts, supra, 2 Cir., 191 F.2d 99, 105. Plaintiffs correctly point out that defendants' copy could in any case have been derived only from the three-dimensional figure itself. The evidence which supports this — the reproduction of plaintiffs' mold number, and of plaintiffs' copyright notice, on defendants' dolls — also makes infringement indisputable, since the visual resemblance between the two dolls is apparent. See F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, 1 Cir., 193 F.2d 162, affirmed 344 U.S. 228, 73 S.Ct. 222, 97 L.Ed. 276.

4

When a prima facie case for copyright infringement has been made, plaintiffs are entitled to a preliminary injunction without a detailed showing of danger of irreparable harm. Houghton Mifflin Co. v. Stackpole Sons, Inc., 2 Cir., 104 F.2d 306, certiorari denied Stackpole Sons, Inc. v. Houghton Mifflin Co., 308 U.S. 597, 60 S.Ct. 131, 84 L.Ed. 499; L. C. Page & Co. v. Fox Film Corp., 2 Cir., 83 F.2d 196; American Code Co. v. Bensinger, 2 Cir., 282 F. 829; Fishel v. Lueckel, C.C.S.D.N.Y., 53 F. 499. Plaintiffs' allegation that the market for their toy is seasonal and likely to be exhausted by Easter is nowhere controverted. Hence the district court erred in refusing to grant a preliminary injunction to plaintiffs in this case. Its order is accordingly reversed, and the case is remanded for immediate entry of the injunction.

[*~435]5

Reversed and remanded.