Cent. South Carolina Chapter, Soc'y of Prof'l Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706 (4th Cir. 1977). · Go Syfert
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Cent. South Carolina Chapter, Soc'y of Prof'l Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706 (4th Cir. 1977). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
76 citation events (7 in the last 25 years) across 17 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Baltimore Sun Co. v. Astri Investment Management & Securities Corp. (In Re Astri Investment, Management & Securities Corp.) (mdd, 1988-07-13)
Treatment trajectory · 1977 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1977 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Baltimore Sun Co. v. Astri Investment Management & Securities Corp. (In Re Astri Investment, Management & Securities Corp.) (2×) also: Cited "see"
D. Maryland · 1988 · confidence medium
In Central South Carolina Chapter, Judge Widener indicated that mandamus is the appropriate way for the media to seek appellate review of an order restricting the reporting of statements and actions of the participants in a pending criminal trial. 556 F.2d at 707.
cited Cited as authority (rule) In Re Washington Post Company, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, Amicus Curiae. Appeal of Washington Post Company. United States of America v. Michael Agboutui Soussoudis, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, Amicus Curiae. Appeal of Washington Post Company. United States of America v. Michael Agboutui Soussoudis, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, Amicus Curiae
4th Cir. · 1987 · confidence medium
Id. at 707-08.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Soussoudis
4th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
Id. at 707-08.
examined Cited as authority (rule) News American Division v. State (3×)
Md. · 1982 · confidence medium
The petitioners had a sufficient personal stake in the outcome of the controversy because the court did "not regard as wholly speculative the relationship between the district court’s order and the plaintiffs’ difficulties in seeking to perform their reportorial functions.” Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706, 708 (4th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1022 , 98 S. Ct. 749 , 54 L.
cited Cited "see" Michael Camoin v. Nelnet, Inc.
4th Cir. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See Martin, 556 F.2d at 707–08; Wash. Post, 807 F.2d at 388 ; Order Pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
discussed Cited "see" In Re the State-Record Company, Inc. The South Carolina Press Association the Evening Post Publishing Company the Greenville News-Piedmont Company the Spartanburg Herald-Journal, a Division of the New York Times Company, Inc., in Re the State-Record Company, Inc. The South Carolina Press Association the Evening Post Publishing Company the Greenville News-Piedmont Company the Spartanburg Herald-Journal, a Division of the New York Times Company, Inc.
4th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Martin, 556 F.2d at 708. 24 In In re Greensboro News Co., 727 F.2d 1320 (4th Cir.1984) the challenge was to the trial judge's in camera voir dire of potential jurors in a criminal prosecution so as to ensure frank and forthcoming responses from the potential jurors.
cited Cited "see" In re the State-Record Co.
4th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Martin, 556 F.2d at 708.
discussed Cited "see" Haeberle v. Texas International Airlines
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists, 556 F.2d 706 , 708 (4th Cir.1977) (adopting analysis of district court at 431 F.Supp. 1182 (D.S.C.)), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1022 , 98 S.Ct. 749 , 54 L.Ed.2d 771 (1978); T.
discussed Cited "see" In re Russell
4th Cir. · 1984 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706 , 708 (4th Cir.1977) (affirming order prohibiting extrajudicial statements by witnesses), cert, denied, 434 U.S. 1022 , 98 S.Ct. 749 , 54 L.Ed.2d 771 (1978); United States v. Tijerina, 412 F.2d 661, 666-67 (10th Cir.), cert, denied, 396 U.S. 990 , 90 S.Ct. 478 , 24 L.Ed.2d 452 (1969).
discussed Cited "see" In Re Lacie Russell, Signe Waller, Mark Smith, Dale Sampson, Martha Nathan, Floris Cause, Paul Bermanzohn, Nelson Johnson, Thomas Clark, Frankie Powell, James Wrenn, Donald Pelles, Rand Manzella, Willena Cannon, Allen Blitz, Kate White, and Joyce Johnson
4th Cir. · 1984 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706 , 708 (4th Cir.1977) (affirming order prohibiting extrajudicial statements by witnesses), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1022 , 98 S.Ct. 749 , 54 L.Ed.2d 771 (1978); United States v. Tijerina, 412 F.2d 661, 666-67 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 990 , 90 S.Ct. 478 , 24 L.Ed.2d 452 (1969). 18 Nor is the district court's order rendered unconstitutional because of the alleged lack of an "evidentiary hearing" or of specific, articulated findings.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Franklin
N.D. Ind. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Central South Carolina Chapter, etc. v. Martin, 431 F.Supp. 1182 (D.S.C.1977), aff’d, 556 F.2d 706 (4th Cir. 1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Sherman
9th Cir. · 1978 · signal: see · confidence high
See Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706 (4th Cir. 1977) cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1022 , 98 S.Ct. 749 , 54 L.Ed.2d 771 (1978); CBS, Inc. v. Young, 522 F.2d 234 (6th Cir. 1975).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. John William Sherman, and Therese Ann Coupez, Seattle Times Company, a Delaware Corporation, and John Arthur Wilson, Seattle Times Company, a Delaware Corporation, and John Arthur Wilson v. United States District Court for the Western District of Washington
9th Cir. · 1978 · signal: see · confidence high
See Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706 (4th Cir. 1977) Cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1022 , 98 S.Ct. 749 , 54 L.Ed.2d 771 (1978); CBS, Inc. v. Young, 522 F.2d 234 (6th Cir. 1975).
discussed Cited "see" Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Jerome (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Pa. · 1978 · signal: see · confidence high
See Central South Carolina Chapter v. Martin, supra; United States v. Gurney, supra; but see State ex rel.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Cianfrani
3rd Cir. · 1978 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706, 707-08 (4th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 98 S.Ct. 749 , 54 L.Ed.2d 771 (1978) (No. 77-263).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Cianfrani
3rd Cir. · 1978 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi v. Martin, 556 F.2d 706, 707-08 (4th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1022 , 98 S.Ct. 749 , 54 L.Ed.2d 771 (1978) (No. 77-263). 32 We also believe intervenors to be "proper proponents of the particular legal rights on which they base their suit." Singleton v. Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 112 , 96 S.Ct. 2868, 2873 , 49 L.Ed.2d 826 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State of Louisiana in the Interest of L.R. Vs.
La. Ct. App. · 2021 · signal: see also · confidence low
See In re Application of Dow Jones & Co., 842 F.2d 603 , 606–07 (2d Cir.1988); Radio & Television News Ass’n, 781 F.2d at 1445–46; CBS Inc. v. Young, 522 F.2d 234, 237-38 (6th Cir.1985); see also Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists v. Martin, 431 F.Supp. 1182, 1186-88 (D.S.C.1977) (finding press has no standing to challenge order), rev’d, 556 F.2d 706 (4th Cir.1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Davis
E.D. La. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
See In re Application of Dow Jones & Co., 842 F.2d 603 , 606-07 (2d Cir.1988); Radio & Television News Ass’n, 781 F.2d at 1445-46 ; CBS Inc. v. Young, 522 F.2d 234, 237-38 (6th Cir.1985); see also Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists v. Martin, 431 F.Supp. 1182, 1186-88 (D.S.C.1977) (finding press has no *102 standing to challenge order), rev’d, 556 F.2d 706 (4th Cir.1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Simon (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., Saxbe v. Washington Post Co., 417 U.S. 843, 850 , 94 S.Ct. 2811, 2815 , 41 L.Ed.2d 514 (1974) (“The proposition ‘that the Constitution imposes upon government the affirmative duty to make available to journalists sources of information not available to members of the public generally ... finds no support in the words of the Constitution or in any decision of the Court.’ ”) (quoting Pell v. Procunier, 417 U.S. at 834-35, 94 S.Ct. at 2810 ); Zemel, 381 U.S. at 17 , 85 S.Ct. at 1281 (“The right to speak and publish does not carry with it the unrestrained right to gather infor…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi Fred P. McNeese Robert McAlister Robert Hitt, Individually as News Reporters and as Members, Officers, and Directors of the Central South Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi South Carolina Broadcasters Association Dr. Richard Uray, Individually and as Executive Manager of the South Carolina Broadcasters Association South Carolina Press Association the Enterprise, Inc. Edward M. Sweatt, Individually as President of the South Carolina Press Association and as a Shareholder and Member of the Board of Directors of the Enterprise, Inc. And Carolyn Kay Harris
v.
The Honorable J. Robert Martin, Jr., United States District Court for the District of South Carolina Mark W. Buyck, Jr., Esq., United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina J. Elliott Williams, United States Marshall for the District of South Carolina and Miller C. Foster, Jr., United States Clerk for the District of South Carolina
77-1636.
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
May 17, 1977.
556 F.2d 706
Cited by 5 opinions  |  Published

556 F.2d 706

2 Media L. Rep. 2146

CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA CHAPTER, SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL
JOURNALISTS, SIGMA DELTA CHI; Fred P. McNeese, Robert
McAlister, Robert Hitt, individually as news reporters and
as members, officers, and directors of the Central South
Carolina Chapter, Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma
Delta Chi; South Carolina Broadcasters Association; Dr.
Richard Uray, individually and as Executive Manager of the
South Carolina Broadcasters Association; South Carolina
Press Association; The Enterprise, Inc.; Edward M. Sweatt,
individually as President of the South Carolina Press
Association and as a shareholder and member of the Board of
Directors of The Enterprise, Inc.; and Carolyn Kay Harris, Appellants,
v.
The Honorable J. Robert MARTIN, Jr., United States District
Court for the District of South Carolina; Mark W. Buyck,
Jr., Esq., United States Attorney for the District of South
Carolina; J. Elliott Williams, United States Marshall for
the District of South Carolina; and Miller C. Foster, Jr.,
United States Clerk for the District of South Carolina, Appellees.

No. 77-1636.

United States Court of Appeals,
Fourth Circuit.

Submitted May 16, 1977.
Decided May 17, 1977.

Mitchell Rogovin, George T. Frampton, Jr., Joel I. Klein, David R. Boyd, Washington, D.C., James C. Harrison, Jr., Costa M. Pleicones, Columbia, S.C., Jack C. Landau, Washington, D.C., for appellants.

Thomas E. Lydon, Jr., U.S. Atty., Wistar D. Stuckey, Glen E. Craig, Asst. U. S. Attys., Columbia, S.C., Lu Jachnycky, Atty., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for appellees.

Before RUSSELL, WIDENER and HALL, Circuit Judges.

WIDENER, Circuit Judge:

[*~706]1

This matter came before the district court on a complaint seeking declaratory and injunctive relief against the district court's order of May 31, 1976, and on a motion for a stay of that order pending appeal. The challenged order, reproduced below,[1] establishes certain restrictions upon extrajudicial statements and actions of participants in the pending criminal trial of J. Ralph Gasque in the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina.

2

The complaint was dismissed by the district court by order dated May 2, 1977, and is now before us on appeal. The district court also denied plaintiffs' motion for a stay pending appeal by order of May 10, 1977. That motion is renewed here pursuant to Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure.

3

We believe that mandamus is the proper remedy to request the relief prayed for here, any inference in our previous opinion to the contrary notwithstanding. See Note: Ungagging the Press, 65 Georgetown Law Review 81, for a collection of some decisions on the subject.

4

The plaintiffs having substantially complied with the requirements of Rule 21(a), Fed.R.App.P., we think the complaint and supporting submissions should be treated as a petition for mandamus, and we so treat them. As this implies, we think plaintiffs have standing to seek issuance of the writ. Notwithstanding that petitioners desire for access to sources of information may be a broadly based concern, shared by the public at large, if petitioners can show an injury "to (themselves) that is likely to be redressed by a favorable decision," Simon v. Eastern Ky. Welfare Rights Org., 426 U.S. 26, 38, 96 S.Ct. 1917, 1924, 48 L.Ed.2d 450 (1976), if they have alleged a sufficient "personal stake in the outcome of the controversy," Baker v. Carr,369 U.S. 186, 204, 82 S.Ct. 691, 703, 7 L.Ed.2d 663 (1962), the constitutional requirement of standing is satisfied. We think these tests are met here. We do not regard as wholly speculative the relationship between the district court's order and the plaintiffs' difficulties in seeking to perform their reportorial functions. See Simon v. Eastern Ky. Welfare Rights Org.,426 U.S. 26, 96 S.Ct. 1917, 48 L.Ed.2d 450 (1976).

5

Considering the papers before us as a petition for mandamus, and having carefully considered the submissions of the parties, we accordingly hold:

[*~707]6

The district court's order of May 2, 1977 dismissing the complaint is in all respects affirmed, on the opinion of the district court, 431 F.Supp. 1182 (D.S.C.1977), as that opinion addresses the merits of the controversy, subject to the following qualifications:

7

1. To the extent that the district court's order may be construed to prohibit extrajudicial statements concerning the trial on the part of the defendant, Gasque,[2] we express no opinion as to its propriety, since the defendant has not objected to the order in any respect. Any rights of Gasque not waived are reserved.

8

2. In paragraph 2 of the May 31st order, we regard the prohibition on mingling upon the sidewalks adjacent to the courthouse as overly broad. The district court will lift its prohibition on mingling as it applies to adjacent sidewalks.

9

3. With respect to the prohibition in paragraph 3 of the said order upon the sketching of jurors within the environs of the court, we recognize that courtroom sketching is a time-honored custom in many communities and many courts. The district judge has indicated that any particular aspect of the order is open to reconsideration during the trial, and, viewing the prohibition in that light, we assume that it will be reconsidered upon request if fears of juror distraction prove unfounded.

10

4. Also in paragraph 3, we construe the "environs" of the United States District Court in Columbia, South Carolina as meaning inside the courthouse.

11

5. Once a jury is empaneled at the inception of the trial, the district court may find that parts of the May 31st order are no longer necessary to ensure a fair trial or juror impartiality. If, for example, the jury were sequestered, access of the press to trial participants may no longer pose the same threat to the conduct of a fair trial. We leave this matter to the district court in the first instance, believing that our intervention at this point would be premature.

12

Since the petition for mandamus is in all but minor respects denied on the merits, it follows that petitioners' motion for a stay pending appeal to this court is likewise denied.

[*~708]13

The mandate will issue forthwith because the criminal trial is due to commence May 23, 1977.[3]

1

The order reads in pertinent part as follows:

"For reasons appearing to the Court, it is Ordered that the above case is scheduled for trial in the United States District Courtroom, Columbia, South Carolina, on June 21, 1976. It is further Ordered that

"(1) Extrajudicial statements by participants in the trial, including lawyers, parties, witnesses, jurors and court officials, which might divulge prejudicial matter not of public record in the case are prohibited.

"(2) All participants in the trial, including lawyers, parties, witnesses, jurors and other officials shall avoid mingling with or being in the proximity of reporters, photographers and others in the entrances to and the hallways in the courthouse building, including the sidewalks adjacent thereto, both in entering and leaving the courtroom and the courthouse during recesses in the trial.

"(3) The names and addresses of prospective jurors are not to be released except on Order of Court, and no photograph shall be taken and no sketch made of any juror within the environs of the Court.

"(4) All witnesses are prohibited from news interviews during the trial period.

"(5) The United States Marshall at the direction of the Court will allocate seating of spectators and representatives of the news media, provided, however,

(a) No member of the public or news media representative shall be permitted at any time within the bar railing, except to specific seats designated for their use.

(b) Allocation of seats to the news media representatives, if there be an excess of requests, will take into account any pooling arrangement that may be agreeable among the newsmen."

The Society did not contest the validity of section five of the order.

The first appeal in this matter is reported as 551 F.2d 559 (4th Cir. 1977).

2

Gasque, as we use the word, refers to any or all defendants

3

The parties have requested that we dispose of this appeal as soon as possible and filed briefs. The government has waived oral argument, but the plaintiffs have indicated a desire for it. In order to dispose of the case at once, we have decided the case on the briefs and the record