Cent. Hudson Gas v. Lunamar II, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir. 1993). · Go Syfert
Cent. Hudson Gas v. Lunamar II, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir. 1993). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
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cited 4× by 4 distinct cases, 2020–2025 · 3 courts · …the veracity of citizen complaints who are the victims of the very crime they report to the police is assumed. ⚠ not in text
105 citation events (63 in the last 25 years) across 10 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Odaine Scott and Lisa Samuels v. The City of New York; New York Police Department Officer Michael Catanzaro, individually and in his official capacity; New York Police Department Officers John Does, individually and in their official capacities (nyed, 2025-12-11)
Treatment trajectory · 1993 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1993 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Odaine Scott and Lisa Samuels v. The City of New York; New York Police Department Officer Michael Catanzaro, individually and in his official capacity; New York Police Department Officers John Does, individually and in their official capacities
E.D.N.Y · 2025 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the veracity of citizen complaints who are the victims of the very crime they report to the police is assumed.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Douglas v. City of Peekskill
S.D.N.Y. · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the veracity of citizen complaints who are the victims of the very crime they report to the police is assumed.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Peterkin v. Carr
E.D.N.Y · 2024 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the veracity of citizen complaints who are the victims of the very crime they report to the police is assumed.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Wilson v. Faulkner
N.D.N.Y. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable cause to arrest if he received his information from some person, normally the putative victim or eyewitness.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) PINKNEY v. MEADVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA
W.D. Pa. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable cause to attest if he received his information from some person, normally the putative victim or eyewitness, who it seems reasonable to believe is telling the truth
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Albino v. The City of Amsterdam Police
N.D.N.Y. · 2020 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the veracity of citizen complaints who are the victims of the very crime they report to the police is assumed.
discussed Cited "see" McMillan v. Capital One Bank, N.A.
S.D.N.Y. · 2022 · signal: see · confidence high
Florida v. J.L., 529 U.S. 266 , 270 (2000); see Miloslavsky v. AES Eng’g Soc., Inc., 808 F. Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y. 1992) (“The veracity of citizen complainants who are the victims of the very -7- crime they report to the police is assumed.”), aff’d 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir. 1993).
discussed Cited "see" Granito v. Tiska
2d Cir. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
See Martinez v. Simonetti, 202 F.3d 625, 634 (2d Cir.2000) (“ ‘[I]t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable cause to arrest if he received his information from some person, normally the putative victim or eyewitness.’ ”) (quoting Miloslavsky v. AES Eng’g Soc’y, 808 F.Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y.1992), aff'd, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.1993)).
discussed Cited "see" Caldarola v. Calabrese (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
2d Cir. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
In the case of “an identified bystander with no apparent motive to falsify,” however, the information they provide has “a peculiar likelihood of accuracy.” Rollins, 522 F.2d at 164 ; see Miloslavsky v. AES Engineering Society, 808 F.Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y.1992) (“[I]t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable cause to arrest if he received his information from some person,* normally the putative victim or eyewitness, who it seems reasonable to believe is telling the truth.”), aff'd, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.1993); see also People v. Hicks, 38 N.Y.2d 90, 94 , 37…
discussed Cited "see" Caldarola v. Calabrese (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
2d Cir. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
In the case of "an identified bystander with no apparent motive to falsify," however, the information they provide has "a peculiar likelihood of accuracy." Rollins, 522 F.2d at 164 ; see Miloslavsky v. AES Engineering Society, 808 F.Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y.1992) ("[I]t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable cause to arrest if he received his information from some person, normally the putative victim or eyewitness, who it seems reasonable to believe is telling the truth."), aff'd, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.1993); see also People v. Hicks, 38 N.Y.2d 90, 94 , 378 N.Y.S.2d 66…
cited Cited "see" Luis Triana v. United States
2d Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Lopez, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.1993) (unpublished table decision).
discussed Cited "see" Mistretta v. Prokesch
E.D.N.Y · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Miloslavsky v. AES Engineering Society, 808 F.Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y.1992) (“The veracity of citizen complaints who are the victims of the very crime they report to the police is assumed.”), aff'd, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.), cert, denied, 510 U.S. 817 , 114 S.Ct. 68 , 126 L.Ed.2d 37 (1993).
discussed Cited "see" Spence v. Superintendent
E.D.N.Y · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Miloslavsky v. AES Engineering Soc., Inc., 808 F.Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y.1992) (victim complaints suffice to establish probable cause), aff'd, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.1993), cert. denied, 510 U.S. 817 , 114 S.Ct. 68 , 126 L.Ed.2d 37 (1993).
discussed Cited "see" Augustine v. Reid
E.D.N.Y · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Miloslavsky v. AES Engineering Society, Inc., 808 F.Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y. 1992), aff'd, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 114 S.Ct. 68 , 126 L.Ed.2d 37 (1993) (“[I]t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable cause to arrest if he received his information from some person, normally the putative victim or eyewitness, who it seems reasonable to believe is telling the truth.”).
cited Cited "see" Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Empresa Naviera Santa
S.D.N.Y. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. M/V Lunamar II, 797 FSupp 1244 (S.D.N.Y. 1992), aff'd 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.1993).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Harrison v. Kennedy
E.D.N.Y · 2020 · signal: see also · confidence low
See Bobolakis v. DiPietrantonio, 523 F. App’x 85, 87 (2d Cir. 2013) (summary order) (affirming a finding of probable cause for a DUI arrest where, inter alia, “[t]wo separate drivers called 911 to report that Bobolakis was driving erratically on the highway, describing him as swerving in and out of his lane” and the “second 911 caller followed Bobolakis as he exited the highway to assist the dispatcher in sending police vehicles to respond”); see also Caldarola v. Calabrese, 298 F.3d 156, 163 (2d Cir. 2002) (“‘[I]t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Celestin v. City of New York
E.D.N.Y · 2008 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Miloslavsky v. AES Engineering Soc., Inc., 808 F.Supp. 351, 355 (S.D.N.Y. 1992), aff'd, 993 F.2d 1534 (2d Cir.1993) (“[I]t is well-established that a law enforcement official has probable cause to arrest if he received his information from some person, normally the putative victim or eyewitness, who it seems reasonable to believe is telling the truth”).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Central Hudson Gas
v.
Lunamar II
92-9260.
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Apr 27, 1993.
993 F.2d 1534

993 F.2d 1534

Central Hudson Gas
v.
Lunamar II

NO. 92-9260

United States Court of Appeals,
Second Circuit.

Apr 27, 1993

Appeal From: S.D.N.Y., 797 F.Supp. 1244

1

AFFIRMED.