Babicz Ex Rel. Babicz v. Sch. Bd. of Broward Cnty., 135 F.3d 1420 (11th Cir. 1998). · Go Syfert
Babicz Ex Rel. Babicz v. Sch. Bd. of Broward Cnty., 135 F.3d 1420 (11th Cir. 1998). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
71 citation events (61 in the last 25 years) across 18 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: C.H. v. Henry County School District (gand, 2025-03-31) · Strongest negative: Weber v. Cranston Public School Committee (rid, 2003-02-06)
Treatment trajectory · 1998 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1998 2012 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 27 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "but see" Weber v. Cranston Public School Committee (2×) also: Cited "see"
D.R.I. · 2003 · signal: but see · confidence high
See Charlie F., 98 F.3d 989, 991 . (because failure to exhaust can usually be waived by defendants, it is not a jurisdictional issue); but see Babicz, 135 F.3d at 1421 (failure to exhaust deprives court of subject matter jurisdiction); W.B. v. Matula, 67 F.3d 484, 493 (3d Cir.1995)(same); Hope v. Cortines, 69 F.3d 687, 688 (2d Cir.l995)(affirming district court dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction).
discussed Cited "but see" Dohmen Ex Rel. Dohmen v. Twin Rivers Public Sch. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
D. Neb. · 2002 · signal: but cf. · confidence high
But cf. Babicz, 135 F.3d at 1422 (affirming dismissal of complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction). 24 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) C.H. v. Henry County School District
N.D. Ga. · 2025 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward Cnty., 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir. 1998).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Kimberly Powell v. School Board of Volusia County, Florida
11th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward Cnty., 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir. 1998).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Alsbrook v. International Paper Company
S.D. Ala. · 2021 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward Cty., 135 F.3d 1420, 1442 (11th Cir. 1998).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Jackie Lyons v. Michael O'Quinn
11th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward Cnty., 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Alboniga v. School Board of Broward County Florida
S.D. Fla. · 2015 · confidence medium
Bd., 543 Fed.Appx. 1002 , 1005 n. 4 (11th Cir.2013) (“The exhaustion requirement applies to claims asserting the rights of disabled children under not only the IDEA, but also the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), § 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Constitution.”); Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward Cty., 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.1998) (“[Cjlaims asserted under Section 504 and/or the ADA are subject to Section 1415(f)’s requirement that litigants exhaust the IDEA’S administrative procedures to obtain relief that is available under the IDEA before bringing suit un…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Moore ex rel. the Estate of A.M. v. Chilton County Board of Education
M.D. Ala. · 2013 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward Cnty., 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.1998) (holding that plaintiffs must exhaust IDEA’S administrative remedies “before presenting federal claims regarding the denial of publicly financed special education under Section 504 and the ADA”); see also J.P. v. Cherokee Cnty.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) GJ Ex Rel. EJ v. MUSCOGEE COUNTY SCHOOL DIST.
M.D. Ga. · 2010 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1421-22 (11th Cir.1998) (per curiam) (holding that where plaintiffs asserted claims under Section 504 and the ADA seeking compensatory damages and injunctive relief due to school's alleged failure to accommodate plaintiffs' chronic asthma, plaintiffs were required to exhaust IDEA's administrative procedures to obtain relief available under IDEA).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) G.J. ex rel. E.J. v. Muscogee County School District
M.D. Ga. · 2010 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1421-22 (11th Cir.1998) (per curiam) (holding that where plaintiffs asserted claims under Section 504 and the ADA seeking compensatory damages and injunctive relief due to school’s alleged failure to accommodate plaintiffs’ chronic asthma, plaintiffs were required to exhaust IDEA’S administrative procedures to obtain relief available under IDEA).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ruecker v. Sommer
D. Or. · 2008 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1421-22 (11th Cir.1998) (students on § 504 plans are subject to IDEA exhaustion requirement), cert denied, 525 U.S. 816 , 119 S.Ct. 53 , 142 L.Ed.2d 41 (1998); Weber, 245 F Supp2d at 408-09 (same).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Coleman v. Newburgh Enlarged City School District (2×)
2d Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir.1998) (per curiam); Christopher W. v. Portsmouth Sch.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Pope Ex Rel. Pope v. Cherokee County Bd. of Educ.
N.D. Ga. · 2006 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) William J. Devine, Terry Devine, Plaintiffs-Counter-Defendants-Appellants v. Indian River County School Board, Defendant-Counter-Claimant-Appellee
11th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.1998)(litiganls must first exhaust administrative remedies under section 1415(f) of the IDEA before presenting federal claims regarding the denial of publicly financed special education).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) William J. Devine v. Indian River County School
11th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir. 1998)(litigants must first exhaust administrative remedies under section 1415(f) of the IDEA before presenting federal claims regarding the denial of publicly financed special education).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) William J. Devine v. Indian River County School
11th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.1998)(litigants must first exhaust administrative remedies under section 1415(f) of the IDEA before presenting federal claims regarding the denial of publicly financed special education).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) MARLENE H, as next friend ANDREW H v. YSLETA INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT; RAMON RIVERA; EDWARD LEE VARGAS
unknown court · confidence medium
Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir. 1998) (finding that “claims asserted under Section 504 [of the Rehabilitation Act] and/or the ADA are subject to [the] requirement that litigants exhaust the IDEA’s administrative procedures to obtain relief that is available under the IDEA before bringing suit”).
discussed Cited "see" Robert R. Prunty, Jr. v. Desoto County School Board and District
11th Cir. · 2018 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz, 135 F.3d at 1422 n.10 (“Any student who wants relief that is available under the IDEA must use the IDEA’s administrative system, even if he invokes a different statute.”) (quotation marks omitted); see also M.T.V. v. DeKalb Cty.
discussed Cited "see" A.L. Ex Rel. P.L.B. v. Jackson County School Board (2×)
11th Cir. · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward Cnty., 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir. 1998) (per curiam).
discussed Cited "see" Dean v. SCH. DIST. OF CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS, NY
W.D.N.Y. · 2009 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir. 1998) (students with § 504 plans who did not otherwise receive services under IDEA required to exhaust where relief sought was also available under IDEA); Hope v. Cortines, 872 F.Supp. 14, 21 (E.D.N.Y. 1995) (ADA and Section 1983 claim not subject to exhaustion if the relief sought is not available under IDEA or an exception to the exhaustion requirement applies).
discussed Cited "see" J.P. v. Cherokee County Board of Education (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
11th Cir. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited "see" Eads Ex Rel. Eads v. Unified School District No. 289
D. Kan. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
Association for Community Living v. Romer, 992 F.2d 1040, 1044 (10th Cir.1993) (quoting Hayes, 877 F.2d at 814). “[T]he IDEA’S statutory exhaustion requirement is jurisdictional in nature.” Falzett v. Pocono Mountain School Dist., 150 F.Supp.2d at 701 n. 2 (citing W.B. v. Matulo, 67 F.3d 484, 493 (3rd Cir.1995)); see Babicz v. School Board of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 816 , 119 S.Ct. 53 , 142 L.Ed.2d 41 (1998); Urban v. Jefferson County School Dist.
cited Cited "see" Alanis-Bustamante v. Reno
11th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir.1998).
cited Cited "see" Alanis-Bustamante v. Reno
11th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1421 (11th Cir. 1998).
cited Cited "see" Parise v. Delta Airlines, Inc.
11th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.1998) (per curiam).
cited Cited "see" Parise v. Delta Airlines, Inc.
11th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir. 1998) (per curiam).
cited Cited "see" Frank J. PARISE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DELTA AIRLINES, INC., Defendant-Appellee
11th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Babicz v. School Bd. of Broward County, 135 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir.1998) (per curiam).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Jamie BABICZ, Jennifer Babicz, by and Through Their Parents and Friends, Jerome Babicz and Joyce Babicz, Jerome Babicz, Individually, Joyce Babicz, Individually, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
the SCHOOL BOARD OF BROWARD COUNTY, Frank Petruzielo, in His Official Capacity as Superintendent of the Broward County Public Schools, Daniel O’Keefe, in His Official Capacity as Principal of Ramblewood Middle School, a Broward County Public School, Defendants-Appellees
96-5415.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Feb 26, 1998.
135 F.3d 1420
Joseph F. Smith, Michael J. Dale, Nova Southeastern University Law Center, Davie, FL, Rosemarie Richard, Advocates for Disability Rights, Inc., Palm City, FL, for Plaintiffs-Appellants., Edward James Marko, Marylin Batista, Florida Office of the School Board Attorney, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, for Defendants-Appel-lees.
Dubina, Barkett, Hill.
Cited by 48 opinions  |  Published
PER CURIAM:

In 1996, Appellants Jerome and Joyce Ba-bicz, on behalf of their children, Jamie and[*1421] Jennifer, filed a civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against the School Board of Broward County, Florida (School Board), Dr. Frank R. Petruzielo (School Superintendent), and Mr. Daniel O’Keefe (Principal), for their alleged failure to provide the Babicz children with equal educational opportunities under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (Section 504), 29 U.S.C. § 794 1 and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12131, et seq. 2 On the basis that the Babiczes failed to exhaust their administrative remedies under Section 1415(f) [3] of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 20 U.S.C. § 1400, the district court dismissed their complaint (without prejudice) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. [4] We affirm.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

At the time the complaint was filed, Jamie and Jennifer were students at Ramblewood Middle School, a Broward County public school. The sisters have chronic asthma, a respiratory illness affecting their breathing and lung capacity, allergies, migraine syndrome and sinusitis. [5] Understandably, they miss a significant number of school days. Recognizing that Jamie and Jennifer have “disabilities that limit a major life activity,” the school issued written formal accommodations for the girls (Section 504 plans). [6] The complaint, seeking compensatory damages and injunctive relief, alleges that the school failed to implement the Section 504 plans and retaliated against Mrs. Babicz [7] and the girls after they hired an attorney. [8] The district court granted the Appellees’ motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction on the basis that the Babiczes failed to exhaust their administrative remedies under Section 1415(f) of the IDEA.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the district court grant of the Appellees’ motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction de novo. Barnett v. Bailey, 956 F.2d 1036, 1039 (11th Cir. 1992).

[*1422] III. DISCUSSION

The issue on appeal is whether the Babiczes must first exhaust their administrative remedies under Section 1415(f) of the IDEA before presenting federal claims regarding the denial of publicly financed special education under Section 504 and the ADA. See Smith v. Robinson, 468 U.S. 992, 1009, 104 S.Ct. 3457, 3467, 82 L.Ed.2d 746 (1984). While one of first impression in this circuit, this issue has been thoughtfully considered by both the Second Circuit in Hope v. Cortines, 69 F.3d 687 (2d Cir.1995) [9] and the Seventh Circuit in Charlie F. by Neil F. v. Board of Educ. of Skokie School District 68, 98 F.3d 989 (7th Cir.1996). Both circuits concluded that claims asserted under Section 504 and/or the ADA are subject to Section 1415(f)’s requirement that litigants exhaust the IDEA’S administrative procedures to obtain relief that is available under the IDEA before bringing suit under Section 504 and/or the ADA. [10] Hope, 69 F.3d at 688; Charlie F., 98 F.3d at 992. [11] We agree.

IV. CONCLUSION

The district court’s dismissal of the Babicz’ complaint without prejudice for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is affirmed.

AFFIRMED.

1

. The Rehabilitation Act provides that "[n]o otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States ... shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefit of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance....” 29 U.S.C. § 794.

2

. The ADA provides that "[sjubject to the provisions of this subchapter, no qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.” 42 U.S.C. § 12132.

3

. This section, titled "Effect on other laws,” reads:

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to restrict or limit the rights, procedures, and remedies available under the Constitution, title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C.A. § 790 et seq.'], or other Federal statutes protecting the rights of children and youth with disabilities, except that before the filing of a civil action under such laws seeking relief that is also available under this subchapter, the procedures under subsections (b)(2) and (c) of this section shall be exhausted tó the same extent as would be required had the action been brought under this subchapter. 20 U.S.C. § 1415(f).
4

. In 1990, Congress changed the name of the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA), Pub.L. No. 101-476, 104 Stat. 1141 (1990), to the IDEA.

5

. The complaint alleges they are "qualified persons with disabilities” within the meaning of Section 504 and the ADA.

6

. While at home, the 504 plans provided the girls with notice of their assignments and make-up work. While at school, the 504 plans provided them with access to inhalers, nebulizers and oxygen to manage their asthma medically.

7

. The complaint alleges that Mrs. Babicz was forced out of her position as PTA president; was restricted from moving freely within the school, followed sometimes by school personnel; and was denied a visitor's pass on two occasions to attend a pre-arranged teacher conference.

8

. The complaint alleges that both girls entered a school contest sponsored by the National PTA; that the national rules were not followed, and as a result, the girls were excluded from receiving awards. Jamie was accused of plagiarism, was denied a spot on the school's basketball team under suspicious circumstances and was told her mother was not welcome on campus. The complaint alleges that this retaliation resulted in increased asthma attacks.

9

. The Second Circuit in essence affirms on the basis of the district court opinion that contains a detailed analysis. Hope v. Cortines, 872 F.Supp. 14, 18-22 (E.D.N.Y.1995).

10

. Any student who wants "relief that is available under” the IDEA must use the IDEA’S administrative system, even if he invokes a different statute. Charlie F., 98 F.3d at 991. IDEA defines the term "children with disabilities” with two prongs. The first prong includes those suffering from a long list of handicaps and "other health impairments” such as asthma, 20 U.S.C. § 1401 (a)(l)(A)(I); see also 34 C.F.R. § 300.7(b)(8), and, the second prong includes those, "who, by reason thereof, need special education and related services." 20 U.S.C. § 1401 (a)( 1 )(A)(ii). We find the Babicz' argument that they do not fit within the ambit of IDEA as they do not require “special education and related services” as a result of their disabilities, just “related services,” to be meritless. Implicit in this legal strategy to avoid IDEA is an apparent desire for compensatory damages not available under IDEA. See Waterman by Waterman v. Marguette-Alger Intermediate School Dist., 739 F.Supp. 361, 365 (W.D.Mich.l990)("EHA exhaustion must occur before plaintiffs may file an action under any other federal law seeking relief that is also available under the EHA ... The fact that plaintiffs seek a particular type of relief ... not available under EHA ... is immaterial. To hold otherwise would allow EHA plaintiffs to frustrate Congressional purpose by bypassing the administrative process in virtually every case containing EHA, section 504, or section 1983 damages claims”) (citations omitted).

11

. The Seventh Circuit disagreed with the district court over the question of subject-matter jurisdiction. It vacated its judgment and remanded with instruction to dismiss for failure to exhaust IDEA’S administrative remedies.